Feminae: Medieval Women and Gender Index

51 Record(s) Found in our database

Search Results

1. Record Number: 44750
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Unmanly Men: (a) Deadly Insults from Grágás, (b) A Flyting between Sinfjotli and Gudmund, (c) Egil in Old Age

Source: The Viking Age: A Reader. Edited by Angus A. Somerville and R. Andrew McDonald . University of Toronto Press, 2020. Pages 91 - 96.
Year of Publication: 2020.

2. Record Number: 12604
Author(s): Brubaker, Leslie.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Age of Justinian: Gender and Society [The author provides a brief overview of gender issues in sixth century Byzantium. Topics discusssed include gendered expectations for both men and women as reflected in the portrayals of Justinian and Theodora by Procopius, law, public life, patronage, the church, and the increasing restrictions on women's roles after the reign of Justinian. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Justinian. Edited by Michael Maas . Cambridge University Press, 2005. Pages 427 - 447.
Year of Publication: 2005.

3. Record Number: 11407
Author(s): Lifshitz, Felice.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Persistence of Late Antiquity: Christ as Man and Woman in an Eighth-Century Miniature [The author discusses a miniature in which she argues that Christ is portrayed twice, once as the crucified Jesus and beneath as a female blessing figure. Lifshitz connects this to an intellectual milieu in which aristocratic women in monastic double houses were used to having spiritual authority. Furthermore they had access to late antique sources with similar outlooks including the Priscillianist tractates and the "Apocryphal Acts of the Apostles." Title note supplied by Feminae.]

Source: Medieval Feminist Forum , 38., (Winter 2004): Pages 18 - 27.
Year of Publication: 2004.

4. Record Number: 13632
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Putting on the Girls: Mary's Girlhood and the Performance of Monarchical Authority in Philippe de Mézières's Dramatic Office for the "Presentation of the Virgin in the Temple" [The author finds a connection between the presentation of Mary's feminine virtues and French royal authority. The play, written by courtier Philippe de Mézières, called for a young girl of three or four to portray Mary. Udry draws parallels with conduct literature to argue that Mary's feminine qualities would have been a model not only for men and women but also for the king of France. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: European Medieval Drama , 8., ( 2004): Pages 1 - 17.
Year of Publication: 2004.

5. Record Number: 14092
Author(s): Phillips, Kim M.
Contributor(s):
Title : Desiring Virgins: Maidens, Martyrs, and Femininity in Late Medieval England [The author explores the attractions of virgin martyr stories for young women in the audience. Phillips suggests that the treatment of sexual themes in these stories should be described as "parasexual" (borrowed from studies of Victorian bar maids), cases in which sexuality is acknowledged but is controlled. At the same time the young virgin martyrs are presented as beautiful, glamorous, and dressed in fashionable clothing; all of this was of prime interest to the young women in the audience. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Youth in the Middle Ages. Edited by P. J. P. Goldberg and Felicity Riddy . York Medieval Press in association with the Boydell Press, 2004. European Medieval Drama , 8., ( 2004): Pages 45 - 59.
Year of Publication: 2004.

6. Record Number: 11010
Author(s): Craun, Christopher C.
Contributor(s):
Title : Matronly Monks: Theodoret of Cyrrhus' Sexual Imagery in the "Historia religiosa" [The author argues that Theodoret portrays early Syrian holy men as languishing in their love for God the Bridegroom and as bearing spiritual children. However, their innate masculinity is not compromised because they willed their submission to God. Title note supplied by Feminae.]

Source: Holiness and Masculinity in the Middle Ages. Edited by P. H. Cullum and Katherine J. Lewis . Religion and Culture in the Middle Ages Series. University of Wales Press, 2004. European Medieval Drama , 8., ( 2004): Pages 43 - 57.
Year of Publication: 2004.

7. Record Number: 8713
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Hyr Wombe Insaciate: The Iconography of the Feminised Monster [The author examines woodcuts and a painting in which the monsters are both feminized and sexualized. The author argues that they refer to a type of femininity that is both sexual and bestial. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Studies on Medieval and Early Modern Women: Pawns or Players? Edited by Christine Meek and Catherine Lawless . Four Courts Press, 2003. European Medieval Drama , 8., ( 2004): Pages 177 - 196.
Year of Publication: 2003.

8. Record Number: 10447
Author(s): Klinck, Anne L.
Contributor(s):
Title : Poetic Markers of Gender in Medieval "Woman's Song": Was Anonymous a Woman? [The author examines five pairs of love-complaints, written wholly or in part in a woman's voice. The poems are drawn from Old English, Occitan, German, Italian, Galician-Portuguese, and Middle English. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Neophilologus , 87., 3 (July 2003): Pages 339 - 359.
Year of Publication: 2003.

9. Record Number: 10640
Author(s): Tarbin, Stephanie.
Contributor(s):
Title : Moral Regulation and Civic Identity in London, 1400-1530

Source: Our Medieval Heritage: Essays in Honour of John Tillotson for His 60th Birthday. Edited by Linda Rasmussen, Valerie Spear, and Dianne Tillotson . Merton Priory Press, 2002. NWSA Journal , 14., 2 (Summer 2002): Pages 126 - 136.
Year of Publication: 2002.

10. Record Number: 6617
Author(s): Randolph, Adrian W. B.
Contributor(s):
Title : Renaissance Household Goddesses: Fertility, Politics, and the Gendering of the Spectatorship [the author argues that these terracotta statuettes of Dovizia (a woman with a basket of fruit on her head who is leading a little boy), based on Donatello's statue now lost, can be read both as an embodiment of wealth and fertility and as a political, public symbol of the city and reminder of the pre-Medicean era; the author explores the implications of both female and male spectatorship].

Source: The Material Culture of Sex, Procreation, and Marriage in Premodern Europe. Edited by Anne L. McClanan and Karen Rosoff Encarnación . Palgrave, 2002. Neophilologus , 87., 3 (July 2003): Pages 163 - 189.
Year of Publication: 2002.

11. Record Number: 7442
Author(s): Dockray-Miller, Mary.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Maternal Performance of the Virgin Mary in the Old English "Advent"

Source: NWSA Journal , 14., 2 (Summer 2002): Pages 38 - 55.
Year of Publication: 2002.

12. Record Number: 6219
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Visualizing the Feminine in the Roman de Perceforest

Source: Seeing Gender: Perspectives on Medieval Gender and Sexuality. Gender and Medieval Studies Conference, King's College, London, January 4-6, 2002. . 2002. NWSA Journal , 14., 2 (Summer 2002):
Year of Publication: 2002.

13. Record Number: 6641
Author(s): Cullum, P. H.
Contributor(s):
Title : Gendering Charity in Medieval Hagiography [the author argues that not only did ideas about gendered behavior affect views of sanctity but conceptions of sanctity also had an impact on gender roles; men were expected to be charitable but responsible while women were often characterized as irresponsible, excessive, and other negative feminine stereotypes; in transgressing gender lines some charitable holy women and men were still canonized (e.g., Saint Francis and Elizabeth of Hungary) while others were rejected as role models (e.g., Charles of Blois and Peter Valdes)].

Source: Gender and Holiness: Men, Women, and Saints in Late Medieval Europe. Edited by Samantha J. E. Riches and Sarah Salih . Routledge, 2002. NWSA Journal , 14., 2 (Summer 2002): Pages 135 - 151.
Year of Publication: 2002.

14. Record Number: 8090
Author(s): Laskaya, Anne.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Feminized World and Divine Violence: Texts and Images of the Apocalypse [The author argues that the illustrations in late medieval Apocalypse books present a triumphant militant masculinity opposed to a variety of feminized threats including the Great Whore of Babylon, monsters, and even the verdant earth. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Domestic Violence in Medieval Texts. Edited by Eve Salisbury, Georgiana Donavin, and Merrall Llewelyn Price . University Press of Florida, 2002. NWSA Journal , 14., 2 (Summer 2002): Pages 299 - 341.
Year of Publication: 2002.

15. Record Number: 6676
Author(s): Seaman, Myra.
Contributor(s):
Title : Engendering Genre in Middle English Romance: Performing the Feminine in "Sir Beves of Hamtoun" [the author argues that Josian, the heroine, does not behave according to French romance expectations; she uses the assumptions of other characters concerning standard feminine weaknesses in order to take action and save herself; the narrator rewards Josian for her bold actions and, in a role reversal, devotes portions of the poem to her adventures when she and the hero are separated].

Source: Studies in Philology , 98., 1 (Winter 2001): Pages 49 - 75.
Year of Publication: 2001.

16. Record Number: 6733
Author(s): Rieger, Angelica.
Contributor(s):
Title : Crusading or Spinning [The author argues that the portrayal of women in Crusade texts goes beyond simple representation to symbolic purposes. For example, sometimes authors used female characters to emphasize the masculine nature of the Crusades, and at other times Christian women were contrasted with Muslim women to highlight good behavior. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Gendering the Crusades. Edited by Susan B. Edgington and Sarah Lambert . University of Wales Press, 2001. Studies in Philology , 98., 1 (Winter 2001): Pages 1 - 15.
Year of Publication: 2001.

17. Record Number: 5341
Author(s): Papaioannou, Eustratios N.
Contributor(s):
Title : Michael Psellos' Rhetorical Gender

Source: Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies , 24., ( 2000): Pages 133 - 146.
Year of Publication: 2000.

18. Record Number: 4609
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : The Virile Bride of Bernard of Clairvaux [The author analyzes the figure of the Bride in Bernard's "Sermon on the Song of Songs;" the Bride combines feminine affectivity with the rationality and strength of the masculine].

Source: Church History , 69., 2 (June 2000): Pages 304 - 327.
Year of Publication: 2000.

19. Record Number: 10110
Author(s): Gravlee, Cynthia A.
Contributor(s):
Title : Circling the Entity: Power and the Feminine Principle in Old English Poetry

Source: Old English Newsletter , 33., 3 (Spring 2000): Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Southeastern Medieval Association, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, October 14-16, 1999, Session 45: "Representing Women."
Year of Publication: 2000.

20. Record Number: 10121
Author(s): Trilling, Renée R.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Monster's Mother: Maternity, Femininity and Alterity in "Beowulf"

Source: Old English Newsletter , 33., 3 (Spring 2000): Paper presented at the Thirty-Fifth International Congress on Medieval Studies, The Medieval Institute, Western Michigan University, May 4-7, 2000, Session 347: "Beowulf I."
Year of Publication: 2000.

21. Record Number: 4410
Author(s): Lacarra Lanz, Eukene.
Contributor(s):
Title : Political Discourse and the Construction and Representation of Gender in "Mocedades de Rodrigo" [The author concludes "The construction of masculinity, as it apears in 'MR,' is predicated on the marginalization of women, who are viewed exclusively as commodities circulating among men." (page 487)].

Source: Hispanic Review , 67., ( 1999): Pages 467 - 491.
Year of Publication: 1999.

22. Record Number: 4022
Author(s): Phillips, Kim M.
Contributor(s):
Title : Maidenhood as the Perfect Age of Woman's Life [The author explores the idea of what was the ideal age for women, drawing evidence from the "Pearl," stories of the virgin martyrs, and representations of the Virgin Mary during the Assumption and the Coronation].

Source: Young Medieval Women. Edited by Katherine J. Lewis, Noel James Menuge, and Kim M. Phillips . St. Martin's Press, 1999. Hispanic Review , 67., ( 1999): Pages 1 - 24.
Year of Publication: 1999.

23. Record Number: 5354
Author(s): Papaioannou, Eustratios N.
Contributor(s):
Title : Feminine "Physis" in Michael Psellos's Literary Work

Source: Byzantine Studies Conference. Abstracts of Papers , 25., ( 1999): Pages 103
Year of Publication: 1999.

24. Record Number: 3524
Author(s): Fanger, Claire.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Formative Feminine and the Immobility of God: Gender and Cosmogony in Bernard Silvestris's "Cosmographia" [The author focuses on the divine femininity of Noys and her relationship to the masculine First Being].

Source: The Tongue of the Fathers: Gender and Ideology in Twelfth-Century Latin. Edited by David Townsend and Andrew Taylor . University of Pennsylvania Press, 1998. Yearbook of Langland Studies , 12., ( 1998): Pages 80 - 101.
Year of Publication: 1998.

25. Record Number: 4620
Author(s): Bynum, Caroline Walker.
Contributor(s):
Title : Men's Use of Female Symbols [the author argues that pardoxically men, powerful and clerical, needed to become weak and human as "spiritual" women for salvation; the author concludes in part: "Whatever explanation one proposes, it is clear that women's way of using and living symbols was different from men's. The differences lay not merely in what symbols were chosen but also in how symbols related to self. Where men stressed male/ female contrasts and used imagery of reversal to express their dependence on God, women expressed their dependence on God in imagery at least partly drawn from their own gender and avoided symbolic reversals." (Pages 288-289)].

Source: Debating the Middle Ages: Issues and Readings. Edited by Lester K. Little and Barbara H. Rosenwein . Blackwell Publishers, 1998. Yearbook of Langland Studies , 12., ( 1998): Pages 277 - 289. Originally published in Caroline Walker Bynum, Holy Feast and Holy Fast: The Religious Significance of Food to Medieval Women. University of California Press, 1987. Pages 282-294.
Year of Publication: 1998.

26. Record Number: 5436
Author(s): Galloway, Andrew.
Contributor(s):
Title : Intellectual Pregnancy, Metaphysical Femininity, and the Social Doctrine of the Trinity in "Piers Plowman"

Source: Yearbook of Langland Studies , 12., ( 1998): Pages 117 - 152.
Year of Publication: 1998.

27. Record Number: 4353
Author(s): Paxson, James J.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Nether-Faced Devil and the Allegory of Parturition [The author argues that the representation of the devil with a face in place of its genitals draws on the allegory of childbirth and thereby demonizes the female sexual body].

Source: Studies in Iconography , 19., ( 1998): Pages 139 - 176.
Year of Publication: 1998.

28. Record Number: 5435
Author(s): Bishop, Louise.
Contributor(s):
Title : Dame Study and Women's Literacy ["Langland's poem negotiates the discourse of reading, recognizing the competition between the accepted female discursive mode and the call to social activism: 'Piers Plowman' embodies that competition in the figure of Study. As wife of Wit, Study dramatizes the competition for a reader's conscience, and traces in her disquisition the readerly paths to the heart. The one thing that recuperates the social experience of reading is its communal and sensual component: texts are read, heard, and felt. Study's emphasis on charity reveals a bold, feminized component of the discourse of social activism as antidote, if you will, to the constructed female reader of texts of affective piety." (Page 112)].

Source: Yearbook of Langland Studies , 12., ( 1998): Pages 97 - 115.
Year of Publication: 1998.

29. Record Number: 1817
Author(s): Gilbert, Jane.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Practice of Gender in "Aucassin et Nicolette"

Source: Forum for Modern Language Studies , 33., 3 (July 1997): Pages 217 - 228.
Year of Publication: 1997.

30. Record Number: 7475
Author(s): Abdalla, Laila.
Contributor(s):
Title : Man, woman or monster: Some themes of female masculinity and transvestism in the Middle Ages and Renaissance

Source: Forum for Modern Language Studies , 33., 3 (July 1997):
Year of Publication: 1997.

31. Record Number: 7341
Author(s): Rasmussen, Mark David.
Contributor(s):
Title : Feminist Chaucer? Some Implications for Teaching [The author briefly examines the approaches of Jill Mann ("Geoffrey Chaucer" (1991) in the "Feminist Readings" series) and Elaine Tuttle Hansen ("Chaucer and the Fictions of Gender" (1992)). He argues that Mann's approach is humanist, taking a positive view of Chaucer's representation of women. Hansen, the author feels, has a much more negative interpretation of Chaucer as a misogynist who feared feminization and struggled to establish his own identity unrelated to female characteristics. Title note supplied by Feminae.]

Source: Studies in Medieval and Renaissance Teaching: SMART , 5., 2 (Fall 1997): Pages 77 - 85.
Year of Publication: 1997.

32. Record Number: 2268
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : All Girls Together: Community , Gender, and Vision at Helfta [analysis of the environment at Helfta based on the writings of its visionaries: Mechthild of Hackeborn, Mechthild of Magdeburg, and Gertrude the Great; the experience within this supportive community allowed Gertrude and Mechthild of Hackeborn to ascribe female characteristics to the divine that drew on images of female biology including enclosure, blood, and the vagina].

Source: Medieval Women in Their Communities. Edited by Diane Watt . University of Toronto Press, 1997. Studies in Medieval and Renaissance Teaching: SMART , 5., 2 (Fall 1997): Pages 72 - 91.
Year of Publication: 1997.

33. Record Number: 1417
Author(s): Salisbury, Joyce E.
Contributor(s):
Title : Gendered Sexuality [male and female biology and sexuality as represented in religious and medical texts].

Source: Handbook of Medieval Sexuality. Edited by Vern L. Bullough and James A. Brundage . Garland Reference Library of the Humanities vol. 1696. Garland Publishing, 1996. Forum for Modern Language Studies , 33., 3 (July 1997): Pages 81 - 102.
Year of Publication: 1996.

34. Record Number: 339
Author(s): Dixon, Mimi Still.
Contributor(s):
Title : Thys Body of Mary: "Femynyte" and "Inward Mythe" in the "Digby Mary Magdalene"

Source: Mediaevalia , 18., ( 1995): Pages 221 - 244. (1995 (for 1992)) Published by the Center for Medieval and Early Renaissance Studies, State University of New York at Binghamton
Year of Publication: 1995.

35. Record Number: 262
Author(s): Zinck, Arlette.
Contributor(s):
Title : Vindication of the Feminine in the Showings of Julian of Norwich

Source: Sovereign Lady: Essays on Women in Middle English Literature. Edited by Muriel Whitaker . Garland Publishing, 1995. Mediaevalia , 18., ( 1995): Pages 171 - 187.
Year of Publication: 1995.

36. Record Number: 1615
Author(s): Ruud, Jay.
Contributor(s):
Title : Images of the Self and Self Image in Julian of Norwich [analysis of the varied kinds of feminine imagery used and their relations to Julian's assertions of self-worth].

Source: Studia Mystica New Series , 16., 1 ( 1995): Pages 82 - 105.
Year of Publication: 1995.

37. Record Number: 2722
Author(s): Jensen, Robin M.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Femininity of Christ in Early Christian Iconography [suggests that feminine attributes of Jesus, including long, curly hair, smooth, beardless cheeks, and small, protruding breasts, were borrowed from savior deities of the mystery cults, especially Dionysus and Orpheus].

Source: Studia Patristica , 29., ( 1995): Pages 269 - 282. Papers Presented at the Twelfth International Conference on Patristic Studies Held in Oxford. Historia, Theologica et Philosophica, Critica et Philologica
Year of Publication: 1995.

38. Record Number: 1871
Author(s): Dallapiazza, Michael.
Contributor(s):
Title : Männlich-Weiblich: Bilder des Scheiterns in Gottfrieds "Tristan" und Wolframs "Titurel"

Source: Arthurian Romance and Gender. Selected Proceedings of the XVIIth International Arthurian Congress. Edited by Friedrich Wolfzettel Internationale Forschungen zur Allgemeinen und Vergleichenden Literaturwissenschaft . Rodopi, 1995. Forum for Modern Language Studies , 33., 3 (July 1997): Pages 176 - 182.
Year of Publication: 1995.

39. Record Number: 1880
Author(s): Ihring, Peter.
Contributor(s):
Title : Die überlistete Laudine. Korrektur eines antihöfischen Weiblichkeitskonzepts in Chrétiens "Yvain"

40. Record Number: 285
Author(s): Badel, Pierre-Yves.
Contributor(s):
Title : Masculin, féminin dans le lai de "Guingamor"

Source: Cahiers de Civilization Médiévale , 38., 2 (Avril-Juin 1995): Pages 103 - 114.
Year of Publication: 1995.

41. Record Number: 353
Author(s): Armstrong, Elizabeth Psakis.
Contributor(s):
Title : Womanly Men and Manly Women in Thomas à Kempis and St. Teresa

Source: Vox Mystica: Essays on Medieval Mysticism in Honor of Professor Valerie M Lagorio. Edited by Anne Clark Bartlett, Thomas H. Bestul, Janet Goebel, and William F. Pollard . D.S. Brewer, 1995. Cahiers de Civilization Médiévale , 38., 2 (Avril-Juin 1995): Pages 107 - 115.
Year of Publication: 1995.

42. Record Number: 6592
Author(s): Bloch, R. Howard.
Contributor(s):
Title : Opening the Oyster: Pearls in "Pearl" [The author considers various associations from classical, patristic, and medieval writers with the image of the pearl; she also discusses other guises of the lost child].

Source: Aestel , 1., ( 1993): Pages 19 - 54.
Year of Publication: 1993.

43. Record Number: 9458
Author(s): Bartlett, Anne Clark.
Contributor(s):
Title : “Delicious Matyr”: Feminine Courtesy in Middle English Devotional Literature for Women [The author explores how devotional texts addressed to women readers often used the discourses of courtly literature and romances, while at the same time critiquing these literary conventions. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Essays in Medieval Studies , 9., ( 1992): Pages 9 - 18.
Year of Publication: 1992.

44. Record Number: 4630
Author(s): González-Casanovas, R. J.
Contributor(s):
Title : Marian Devotion as Gendered Discourse in Berceo and Alfonso X: Popular Reception of the "Milagros" and "Cantigas" [the author compares two miracle stories that appear in both Berceo and Alfonso X, "The Marvelous Birth" and "The Drunk Monk;" the author argues that gender plays a major role for both authors, with Berceo transforming the Virgin Mary into a cultural icon of chivalry, while Alfonso "reintroduces the maternal imagery into his 'Cantigas de Santa Maria' in such a way that it humanizes the effects of an embodied devotion and socializes the effects of a spiritualized courtesy" (Page 23)].

Source: Bulletin of the Cantigueiros de Santa Maria , 4., (Spring 1992): Pages 17 - 31.
Year of Publication: 1992.

45. Record Number: 7413
Author(s): Hahn, Thomas.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Performance of Gender in the Prioress [The author argues that Chaucer's Prioress both wears a kind of "mask of womanliness," and also identifies herself with a predominantly masculine Christian community by performing femininity. Title note supplied by Feminae].

Source: Chaucer Yearbook , 1., ( 1992): Pages 111 - 134.
Year of Publication: 1992.

46. Record Number: 11432
Author(s): Miller, Dean A.
Contributor(s):
Title : Byzantine Sovereignty and Feminine Potencies [The author explores a variety of situations in which the Byzantine emperor was invested with or connected to feminine characteristics. This ranges from nurturing and merciful power to associations with Sophia (Holy Wisdom) and the Theotokos (the Virgin as God-Bearer). Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Women and Sovereignty. Edited by Louise Olga Fradenburg. Cosmos: The Yearbook of the Traditional Cosmology Society, volume 7 Cosmos: The Yearbook of the Traditional Cosmology Society, 7. Edinburgh University Press, 1992. Chaucer Yearbook , 1., ( 1992): Pages 250 - 263.
Year of Publication: 1992.

47. Record Number: 11202
Author(s): Fite, Patricia P.
Contributor(s):
Title : To “Sytt and Syng of Luf Langyng”: The Feminine Dynamic of Richard Rolle’s Mysticism [Richard Rolle combines masculine and feminine dimensions of spirituality in his mystical writings. He uses feminized language as an alternative to the discourse of clerical authority, invoking the language of “luf langyng” (yearning for love) to express the mystical union of body and soul and the intense desire for union with the divine. Rolle’s concept of spiritual integration and affinity with the feminine anticipates the psychic theories of Carl Jung. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Studia Mystica , 14., 40212 (Summer/Fall 1991): Pages 13 - 29.
Year of Publication: 1991.

48. Record Number: 11216
Author(s): Cooper, Helen.
Contributor(s):
Title : Gender and Personification in "Piers Plowman" [Although most allegorical writings associate personifications with femininity (abstract nouns often being grammatically feminine in Latin and Romance languages), Langland’s Middle English poem genders personifications based on what attribute they are intended to represent, sometimes representing them as male and sometimes as female. The Seven Deadly Sins, for instance, are not personified as abstract concepts but are exemplified in the behavior of representative individuals (both men and women). Rather than seeing various figures in the poem as allegorical, medieval rhetoricians would claim they are metonyms (parts or attributes representing the larger whole). Thus male figures in the poem can be read as representing particular aspects of the (male) poet’s self. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Yearbook of Langland Studies , 5., ( 1991): Pages 31 - 48.
Year of Publication: 1991.

49. Record Number: 9546
Author(s): Mieszkowski, Gretchen.
Contributor(s):
Title : Chaucer’s Much Loved Criseyde [Chaucer portrays Criseyde as weak, inconsistent, and lacking selfhood, and this portrayal is in accordance with the Western male’s tendency to define his selfhood in opposition to a non-human female Other. Chaucer alters Criseyde from her literary precursor Criseida (from Boccaccio’s "Filostrato") by increasing Criseyde’s passivity; thus he renders her more pointedly feminine and attractive to male readers (including male literary critics). Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Chaucer Review , 26., 2 ( 1991): Pages 109 - 132.
Year of Publication: 1991.

50. Record Number: 11723
Author(s): Lichtmann, Maria R.
Contributor(s):
Title : Julian of Norwich and the Ontology of the Feminine [The author argues that Julian understands God through principles of the feminine. This includes the love and compassion of motherhood, the sensuality of the female body, and the safe enclosure of the womb. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Studia Mystica , 13., 40212 ( 1990): Pages 53 - 65.
Year of Publication: 1990.

51. Record Number: 31498
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Ill-Assorted Couple

Source: Studia Mystica , 13., 40212 ( 1990):
Year of Publication: