Feminae: Medieval Women and Gender Index

571 Record(s) Found in our database

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1. Record Number: 44847
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Interrogators’ View of Joan of Arc

Source: The Medieval Devil: A Reader. Edited by Richard Raiswell and David R. Winter . University of Toronto Press, 2022. Pages 363 - 368.
Year of Publication: 2022.

2. Record Number: 43583
Author(s): Bailey, Anne E.,
Contributor(s):
Title : The Female Condition: Gender and Deformity in High-Medieval Miracle Narratives

Source: Gender and History , 32., 2 ( 2021): Pages 427 - 447.
Year of Publication: 2021.

3. Record Number: 44399
Author(s): Ogden, Amy V.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Life of Saint Eufrosine

Source: The Life of Saint Eufrosine: In Old French Verse, with English Translation. Amy V. Ogden, editor and translator . Modern Language Association, 2021. Gender and History , 32., 2 ( 2021): Pages 2 - 151.
Year of Publication: 2021.

4. Record Number: 43533
Author(s): Wade, Erik,
Contributor(s):
Title : The Birds and the Bedes: Race, Gender, and Sexuality in Bede’s In Cantica Canticorum

Source: Postmedieval: A Journal of Medieval Cultural Studies , 11., 4 ( 2020): Pages 425 - 433. Available open access: https://doi.org/10.1057/s41280-020-00193-6 Funding provided by Projekt DEAL.
Year of Publication: 2020.

5. Record Number: 43869
Author(s): Clark, David
Contributor(s):
Title : Beowulf on Film: Gender, Sexuality, Hyperreality

Source: Beowulf in Contemporary Culture. Edited by David Clark . Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2020. Postmedieval: A Journal of Medieval Cultural Studies , 11., 4 ( 2020): Pages 1 - 30.
Year of Publication: 2020.

6. Record Number: 43992
Author(s): Kaufman, Amy S. and Paul B. Sturtevant,
Contributor(s):
Title : Knights in Shining Armor and Damsels in Distress

Source: The Devil's Historians: How Modern Extremists Abuse the Medieval Past. Amy S. Kaufman and Paul B. Sturtevant . University of Toronto Press, 2020. Postmedieval: A Journal of Medieval Cultural Studies , 11., 4 ( 2020): Pages 103 - 125.
Year of Publication: 2020.

7. Record Number: 44720
Author(s): Sturluson, Snorri
Contributor(s):
Title : Gender Instability: Trans-Gender and Gender-Shifting: (a) From Gulathing Law: On Seriously Insulting Speech, (c) From Loki’s Flyting (Lokasenna), (d) Loki and Svadilfari: Loki’s Adventure as a Mare

Source: The Viking Age: A Reader. Edited by Angus A. Somerville and R. Andrew McDonald . University of Toronto Press, 2020. Postmedieval: A Journal of Medieval Cultural Studies , 11., 4 ( 2020): Pages 138 - 143.
Year of Publication: 2020.

8. Record Number: 44908
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Testimony of Rolandina Roncaglia []

Source:
Year of Publication: 2020.

9. Record Number: 44909
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Testimony of Rolandina Roncaglia

Source: The Intolerant Middle Ages: A Reader. Edited by Eugene Smelyansky . University of Toronto Press, 2020. Pages 269 - 270.
Year of Publication: 2020.

10. Record Number: 43878
Author(s): Messis, Charis
Contributor(s):
Title : Women, Men and Eunuchs

Source: History and Culture of Byzantium. Edited by Falko Daim. Brill's New Pauly - Supplements, Volume: 10 . Brill, 2019. Pages 169 - 171.
Year of Publication: 2019.

11. Record Number: 41831
Author(s):
Contributor(s): Abbouchi, Mounawar, ed. and trans.
Title : Yde and Olive

Source: Medieval Feminist Forum: A Journal of Gender and Sexuality , 53., 4 ( 2018): Pages 1 - 131. Available open access from Medieval Institute Publications on Western Michigan University's ScholarWorks websitehttps://scholarworks.wmich.edu/mff/vol53/iss4/1/
Year of Publication: 2018.

12. Record Number: 35830
Author(s): Bennett, Judith M. and Shannon McSheffrey
Contributor(s):
Title : Early, Erotic and Alien: Women Dressed as Men in Late Medieval London

Source: History Workshop Journal , 77., ( 2014): Pages 1 - 25.
Year of Publication: 2014.

13. Record Number: 31719
Author(s): Matlock, Wendy A.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Feminine Flesh in the Disputacione betwyx the Body and Wormes

Source: The Ends of the Body: Identity and Community in Medieval Culture. Edited by Suzanne Conklin Akbari and Jill Ross . University of Toronto Press, 2013. History Workshop Journal , 77., ( 2014): Pages 260 - 282.
Year of Publication: 2013.

14. Record Number: 33502
Author(s): Martínez de Toledo, Alonso
Contributor(s): Naylor, Eric W., trans. and Rank, Jerry R., trans.
Title : The Archpriest of Talavera: Dealing with the Vices of Wicked Women and the Complexions of Men

Source: The Archpriest of Talavera by Alonso Martínez de Toledo: Dealing with the Vices of Wicked Women and the Complexions of Men. Edited by Eric W. Naylor and Jerry R. Rank . Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies, 2013. History Workshop Journal , 77., ( 2014): Pages 25 - 224.
Year of Publication: 2013.

15. Record Number: 29128
Author(s): Welch, Anna,
Contributor(s):
Title : Presence and Absence : Reading Clare of Assisi in Franciscan Liturgy and Community

Source: Gender, Catholicism and Spirituality: Women and the Roman Catholic Church in Britain and Europe, 1200-1900. Edited by Laurence Lux-Sterritt and Carmen M. Mangion . Palgrave Macmillan, 2011. History Workshop Journal , 77., ( 2014): Pages 19 - 37.
Year of Publication: 2011.

16. Record Number: 24042
Author(s): Smith, Katherine Allen and Scott Wells
Contributor(s):
Title : Penelope D. Johnson, the Boswell Thesis, and "Negotiating Community and Difference in Medieval Europe" [The editors highlight the contributions made by Penelope Johnson to the understanding of women’s monasticism, gender history, and violence. John Boswell was her dissertation advisor, and they shared an interest in questions of religion and community. Title note supplied by Feminae.]

Source: Negotiating Community and Difference in Medieval Europe: Gender, Power, Patronage, and the Authority of Religion in Latin Christendom. Edited by Katherine Allen Smith and Scott Wells Studies in the History of Christian Traditions . Brill, 2009. History Workshop Journal , 77., ( 2014): Pages 1 - 13.
Year of Publication: 2009.

17. Record Number: 24052
Author(s): Cuffel, Alexandra
Contributor(s):
Title : The Matter of Others: Menstrual Blood and Uncontrolled Semen in Thirteenth-Century Kabbalists' Polemic against Christians, "Bad" Jews, and Muslims [The author argues that Kabbalist writers viewed sexual impurities and intercourse with non-Jewish women with alarm. These sins made Jewish men the equivalent of menstruating women in terms of the pollution they brought their families and the Jewish community. Title note supplied by Feminae.]

18. Record Number: 23771
Author(s): Deeming, Helen
Contributor(s):
Title : Text, Music, and Gender in the Middle Ages [The Plainsong and Medieval Music Society combined its Annual General Meeting with a study day. The theme for papers was" Ave/Eva: Text, Music and Gender in the Middle Ages".]

Source: Early Music , 36., 3 ( 2008): Pages 509
Year of Publication: 2008.

19. Record Number: 24521
Author(s): Cooke, Jessica
Contributor(s):
Title : Scottish Queenship in the Thirteenth Century [The author notes the lack of scholarship on queens in Scotland. Her article concentrates on the lives of five queens consort. Nelson looks at their political roles and their reputations among their contemporaries. She is interested in how gender came into play both in their marital and natal families. Contrasts with English queens are also instructive. Title note supplied by Feminae.]

Source: Thirteenth Century England , 11., ( 2007): Pages 61 - 80.
Year of Publication: 2007.

20. Record Number: 23937
Author(s): Leushuis, Reinier
Contributor(s):
Title : Renaissance Women Reviewed [The essay includes comments on "The Ghost of Boccaccio: Writings on Famous Women in Renaissance Italy" by Stephen Kolsky. Brepols, 2005. Kolsky looked at texts written in Italy between 1480 and 1530 in both Latin and the vernacular. Title note supplied by Feminae.]

Source: Italica , 84., 4 ( 2007): Pages 852 - 855.
Year of Publication: 2007.

21. Record Number: 19218
Author(s): Shepard, Laurie.
Contributor(s):
Title : Marking Time: The Lives of the Young in Fifteenth-century Tuscany [In this short, introductory essay for an art exhibit, the author reviews religious and secular beliefs about infancy, childhood and adolescence. Gender distinctions affected girls' education, marriage, and spousal duties. Title note supplied by Feminae].

Source: Secular Sacred: 11th-16th Century Works from the Boston Public Library and the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. Edited by Nancy Netzer . McMullen Museum of Art, 2006. Thirteenth Century England , 11., ( 2007): Pages 74 - 79.
Year of Publication: 2006.

22. Record Number: 15839
Author(s): Tomas, Natalie.
Contributor(s):
Title : Did Women Have a Space? [The author briefly surveys the kinds of activities in which Florentine women took part. Given the gendered expectations of fathers and husbands based on religious beliefs and concerns with family honor, young and married women from privileged families mostly stayed at home. But this situation is further complicated by palaces being used for politics and business. Furthermore marriages were part of family strategies, and mothers of brides and grooms often took an active role in the considerations. Women from powerful families like Lucrezia Tornabuoni of the Medici, used their patron-client relationships to help the deserving and promote their families. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Renaissance Florence: A Social History. Edited by Roger J. Crum and John T. Paoletti . Cambridge University Press, 2006. History Compass , 4., 3 ( 2006): Pages 311 - 328.
Year of Publication: 2006.

23. Record Number: 17108
Author(s): Fleming, Robin
Contributor(s):
Title : Bones for Historians: Putting the Body back into Biography [The author begins with a case study of a woman's skeleton from a cemetery near Barrington in Cambridgeshire. She was not quite twenty when she died and had extremely rich grave goods including a bed, one of only eleven such bed burials known in England. Surprisingly her skull gives evidence of an advance stage of leprosy and her lower legs were also badly infected. Fleming then considers skeletal evidence for questions about mortality by gender, the impact of children's chronic health problems on their lives as adults, and the health dangers present in urban settings. Title note supplied by Feminae.]

Source: Writing Medieval Biography, 750-1250: Essays in Honour of Professor Frank Barlow. Edited by David Bates, Julia Crick, and Sarah Hamilton . Boydell Press, 2006. History Compass , 4., 3 ( 2006): Pages 29 - 48.
Year of Publication: 2006.

24. Record Number: 20731
Author(s): Shadis, Miriam
Contributor(s):
Title : Women, Gender, and Rulership in Romance Europe: The Iberian Case

Source: History Compass , 4., 3 ( 2006): Pages 481 - 487.
Year of Publication: 2006.

25. Record Number: 20732
Author(s): Hurlburt, Holly S.
Contributor(s):
Title : Women, Gender, and Rulership in Medieval Italy

Source: History Compass , 4., 3 ( 2006): Pages 528 - 535.
Year of Publication: 2006.

26. Record Number: 13657
Author(s): Hutchison, Ann M.
Contributor(s):
Title : Approaching Medieval Women Mystics in the Twenty-First Century [The author briefly explores themes of interest to students including gender issues, manuscripts and textual transmission, and connections among the women mystics. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Approaching Medieval English Anchoritic and Mystical Texts. Christianity and Culture: Issues in Teaching and Research Series, Volume 2. Edited by Dee Dyas, Valerie Edden, and Roger Ellis . D. S. Brewer, 2005. New Medieval Literatures , 7., ( 2005): Pages 175 - 183.
Year of Publication: 2005.

27. Record Number: 11760
Author(s): Schleif, Corine.
Contributor(s):
Title : Men on the Right- Women on the Left: (A)symmetrical Spaces and Gendered Places [The author argues that the symbolism attached to left and right becomes gendered so that male and female donors have their appointed places. Yet some situations and artworks make the categories more complicated than a simple binary. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Women's Space: Patronage, Place, and Gender in the Medieval Church. Edited by Virginia Chieffo Raguin and Sarah Stanbury . State University of New York Press, 2005. History Compass , 4., 3 ( 2006): Pages 207 - 249.
Year of Publication: 2005.

28. Record Number: 10449
Author(s): Guerra Medici, Maria Teresa.
Contributor(s):
Title : La successione delle figlie nel feudo: il feudo materno e l'opinio Baldi

Source: VI Centenario della morte di Baldo degli Ubaldi 1400-2000. Edited by Carla Frova, Maria Graza Nico Ottaviani, and Stefania Zucchini . Universita degli studi, 2005. New Medieval Literatures , 7., ( 2005): Pages 263 - 288.
Year of Publication: 2005.

29. Record Number: 28214
Author(s): Newman, Barbara
Contributor(s):
Title : What Did It Mean to Say "I Saw"? The Clash between Theory and Practice in Medieval Visionary Culture [The author analyzes differing approaches to visions within the medieval Church. One view encouraged visions through guided meditation, with Newman citing Christina of Markyate and Mechthild of Hackeborn as examples. The other predominant view rejected visualization and questioned the source of visions. During the later Middle Ages theologians became increasingly concerned about the danger of cultivated visions, especially those of women like Bridget of Sweden and other lay people influenced by the pseudo-Bonaventuran "Meditations on the Life of Christ." Ultimately the more critical approach to visions prevailed among the learned. Title note supplied by Feminae.]

Source: Speculum , 80., 1 ( 2005): Pages 1 - 43.
Year of Publication: 2005.

30. Record Number: 13674
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Gendering Viragos: Medieval Perceptions of Powerful Women [The author explores the medieval concept of the virago, a lordly woman who exercised authoritative powers. Case studies include Adelaide, duchess of Turin; Gunhild, sister of Swein, the Danish king of England; Bertrada of Montfort, wife of King Louis VI; and Adela, countess of Blois. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Studies on Medieval and Early Modern Women 4: Victims or Viragos? Edited by Christine Meek and Catherine Lawless . Four Courts Press, 2005. History Compass , 4., 3 ( 2006): Pages 17 - 38.
Year of Publication: 2005.

31. Record Number: 11757
Author(s): French, Katherine L.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Seat under Our Lady: Gender and Seating in Late Medieval English Parish Churches [The author argues that women's seating arrangements in churches give access to information about women in parish life that is otherwise unavailable. In her study of pew usage in Winchester, French demonstrates that women had a sanctioned space in the nave that frequently expressed status and the promotion of family interests. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

32. Record Number: 12604
Author(s): Brubaker, Leslie.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Age of Justinian: Gender and Society [The author provides a brief overview of gender issues in sixth century Byzantium. Topics discusssed include gendered expectations for both men and women as reflected in the portrayals of Justinian and Theodora by Procopius, law, public life, patronage, the church, and the increasing restrictions on women's roles after the reign of Justinian. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Justinian. Edited by Michael Maas . Cambridge University Press, 2005. History Compass , 4., 3 ( 2006): Pages 427 - 447.
Year of Publication: 2005.

33. Record Number: 14606
Author(s): Raine, Melissa.
Contributor(s):
Title : Fals flesch: Food and the Embodied Piety of Margery Kempe [In examining Margery Kempe's various interactions with food which include feeding the poor, fasting, receiving the Eucharist, and eating at the tables of prominent people, Raine does not find gender a highly significant factor. Rather Margery acts out of highly individualized motivations including a concern to establish and enhance her own standing. In her conclusion Raine questions Caroline Walker Bynum's approach to women and food in Holy Feast and Holy Fast, finding the methodology and assumptions inadequate for the historical realities of gendered expectations and devotional practices. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: New Medieval Literatures , 7., ( 2005): Pages 101 - 126.
Year of Publication: 2005.

34. Record Number: 14689
Author(s): Bildhauer, Bettina.
Contributor(s):
Title : The "Secrets of Women" (c. 1300): A Medieval Perspective on Menstruation [The author analyzes a fifteenth century German language translations of the natural philosophical text, the "Secrets of Women." It presents a system in which gender is defined by the body with men as the norm and women as dangerous, impure, and weak. Title note provided by Feminae.].

Source: Menstruation: A Cultural History. Edited by Andrew Shail and Gillian Howie . Palgrave Macmillan, 2005. New Medieval Literatures , 7., ( 2005): Pages 65 - 75.
Year of Publication: 2005.

35. Record Number: 11753
Author(s): Evans, Ruth.
Contributor(s):
Title : Signs of the Body: Gender, Sexuality, and Space in York and the York Cycle [The author explores the Corpus Christi play cycle in York for the identities of women and space in plays concerning Eve and Procula, Pilate's wife. Also in the essay Evans considers social and political evidence of women's involvements with the plays as patrons and possibly as actresses in addition to the more usual cross-dressing males in female parts. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Women's Space: Patronage, Place, and Gender in the Medieval Church. Edited by Virginia Chieffo Raguin and Sarah Stanbury . State University of New York Press, 2005. New Medieval Literatures , 7., ( 2005): Pages 23 - 45.
Year of Publication: 2005.

36. Record Number: 10829
Author(s): Heene, Katrien.
Contributor(s):
Title : De litterali et morali earum instruccione: Women's Literacy in Thirteenth-Century Latin Agogic Texts [The author examines didactic texts, particularly saints' lives and exempla, to find out what their clerical authors thought about the connections between women and literacy. Generally reading is associated for women with prayer, while for men it leads to more active engagements in the world, whether it be preaching or directing a noble household. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: The Voice of Silence: Women's Literacy in a Men's Church. Edited by Thérèse de Hemptinne and María Eugenia Góngora Medieval Church Studies . Brepols, 2004. European Medieval Drama , 8., ( 2004): Pages 145 - 166.
Year of Publication: 2004.

37. Record Number: 10831
Author(s): Warnar, Geert.
Contributor(s):
Title : Ex levitate mulierum: Masculine Mysticism and Jan Van Ruusbroec's Perception of Religious Women [The author argues that too much emphasis has been placed on the impact of medieval women's mysticism. Warnar cites van Ruusbroec's last work, "On the Twelve Beguines," suggesting that Van Ruusbroec uses the women's desperate attempts to know God as a foil for his subsequent discussion of technical procedures and theological positions. Warnar concludes that men and women occupied separate worlds. Therefore masculine forms of mystical devotion, emphasizing a controlled, intellectual approach, had little to do with the emotional, experiential approach of women like Hadewijch. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

38. Record Number: 10848
Author(s): Nicholson, Francesca.
Contributor(s):
Title : Seeing Women Troubadours without the "-itz" and "isms" [The author analyzes two poems attributed to women, Na Bieris de Roman and Azalais. Nicholson argues that they sometimes identify with a male lover and sometimes speak as women. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Troubled Vision: Gender, Sexuality, and Sight in Medieval Text and Image. Edited by Emma Campbell and Robert Mills . Palgrave Macmillan, 2004. European Medieval Drama , 8., ( 2004): Pages 63 - 76.
Year of Publication: 2004.

39. Record Number: 11008
Author(s): Pettit, Emma.
Contributor(s):
Title : Holiness and Masculimity in Aldhelms's "Opus geminatum De virginitate" [The author traces two approaches to masculinity. Both male and female religious need to be masculinized spiritual combatants against vice; in contrast only male saints are masculinized when preforming miracles. Female saints are less autonomous and associated with characteristics that are gendered feminine. Title note supplied by Feminae.]

Source: Holiness and Masculinity in the Middle Ages. Edited by P. H. Cullum and Katherine J. Lewis . Religion and Culture in the Middle Ages Series. University of Wales Press, 2004. European Medieval Drama , 8., ( 2004): Pages 8 - 23.
Year of Publication: 2004.

40. Record Number: 11531
Author(s): Doran, John.
Contributor(s):
Title : Innocent III and the Uses of Spiritual Marriage [Medieval traditions divided over whether a bishop married his see or was Christ's groom's man in marrying a local church. Innocent III argued in a sermon that he, as Vicar of Christ, married the church. Other bishops were groom's men, friends of the bridegroom but not wedded to their own sees.Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Pope, Church and City: Essays in Honour of Brenda M. Bolton. Edited by Frances Andrews, Christoph Egger and Constance M. Rousseau Medieval Mediterranean . Brill, 2004. European Medieval Drama , 8., ( 2004): Pages 101 - 114.
Year of Publication: 2004.

41. Record Number: 11023
Author(s): Crachiolo, Beth.
Contributor(s):
Title : Seeing the Gendering of Violence: Female and Male Martyrs in the "South English Legendary" [The author argues that while male martyrs have a variety of roles to play in the church, women martyrs simply react to those around them, ranging from cruel suitors to unfeeling torturers. Crachiolo suggests that the audience saw the female body as an object of entertainment though the hagiographer intended the descriptions of torture as a denial of the material world in the favor of Christian spirituality. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: A Great Effusion of Blood? Interpreting Medieval Violence. Edited by Mark D. Meyerson, Daniel Thiery, and Oren Falk . University of Toronto Press, 2004. Speculum , 80., 1 ( 2005): Pages 147 - 163.
Year of Publication: 2004.

42. Record Number: 11013
Author(s): Cantara, Linda
Contributor(s):
Title : Holy Eunuchs! Masculinity and Eunuch Saints in Byzantium [In this brief overview, the author concentrates on the tenth century "Life" of Ignatios the Younger, twice patriarch of Constantinople (847-858 and 867-878). Tougher argues that the hagiographer treats Ignatios as a typical holy man with just one mention of his castration. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Holiness and Masculinity in the Middle Ages. Edited by P. H. Cullum and Katherine J. Lewis . Religion and Culture in the Middle Ages Series. University of Wales Press, 2004. Speculum , 80., 1 ( 2005): Pages 93 - 108.
Year of Publication: 2004.

43. Record Number: 10880
Author(s): Bousmar, Eric.
Contributor(s):
Title : Neither Equality nor Radical Oppression: The Elasticity of Women's Roles in the Late Medieval Low Countries [The author argues that in the Low Countries female subjugation was moderated by the frequent practice of "taking over" which allowed women to substitute for absent husbands or fathers. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: The Texture of Society: Medieval Women in the Southern Low Countries. Edited by Ellen E. Kittell and Mary A. Suydam . Palgrave Macmillan, 2004. Speculum , 80., 1 ( 2005): Pages 109 - 127.
Year of Publication: 2004.

44. Record Number: 11407
Author(s): Lifshitz, Felice.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Persistence of Late Antiquity: Christ as Man and Woman in an Eighth-Century Miniature [The author discusses a miniature in which she argues that Christ is portrayed twice, once as the crucified Jesus and beneath as a female blessing figure. Lifshitz connects this to an intellectual milieu in which aristocratic women in monastic double houses were used to having spiritual authority. Furthermore they had access to late antique sources with similar outlooks including the Priscillianist tractates and the "Apocryphal Acts of the Apostles." Title note supplied by Feminae.]

Source: Medieval Feminist Forum , 38., (Winter 2004): Pages 18 - 27.
Year of Publication: 2004.

45. Record Number: 11423
Author(s): Peterson, Janine Larmon.
Contributor(s):
Title : Social Roles, Gender Inversion, and the Heretical Sect: The Case of the Guglielmites

Source: Viator , 35., ( 2004): Pages 203 - 219.
Year of Publication: 2004.

46. Record Number: 10849
Author(s): Gaunt, Simon.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Look of Love: The Gender of the Gaze in Troubadour Lyric

Source: Troubled Vision: Gender, Sexuality, and Sight in Medieval Text and Image. Edited by Emma Campbell and Robert Mills . Palgrave Macmillan, 2004. Viator , 35., ( 2004): Pages 79 - 95.
Year of Publication: 2004.

47. Record Number: 13632
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Putting on the Girls: Mary's Girlhood and the Performance of Monarchical Authority in Philippe de Mézières's Dramatic Office for the "Presentation of the Virgin in the Temple" [The author finds a connection between the presentation of Mary's feminine virtues and French royal authority. The play, written by courtier Philippe de Mézières, called for a young girl of three or four to portray Mary. Udry draws parallels with conduct literature to argue that Mary's feminine qualities would have been a model not only for men and women but also for the king of France. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: European Medieval Drama , 8., ( 2004): Pages 1 - 17.
Year of Publication: 2004.

48. Record Number: 13672
Author(s): Clancy-Smith, Julia.
Contributor(s):
Title : Exemplary Women and Sacred Journeys: Women and Gender in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam from Late Antiquity to the Eve of Modernity [The author explores themes involving women's nature and prescribed behavior, exemplary women from scripture and history, and pilgrimage and saints' cults in Judaism, Western Christianity, and Islam. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Women's History in Global Perspective Volume 1. Edited by Bonnie G. Smith . University of Illinois Press, 2004. European Medieval Drama , 8., ( 2004): Pages 92 - 144.
Year of Publication: 2004.

49. Record Number: 12882
Author(s): Phillips, Kim M.
Contributor(s):
Title : Margery Kempe and the Ages of Woman [Phillips explores medieval ideas about women's lifecycle. Generally authors divided women's lives into three parts: maiden, wife, and widow. In her book, however, Margery Kempe does not adhere to this scheme. There is very little about her girlhood, and her role as wife is attenuated by a vow of chastity. In this regard, as in others, the "Book of Margery Kempe" presents a unique view of life. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: A Companion to "The Book of Margery Kempe." Edited by John H. Arnold and Katherine J. Lewis . D. S. Brewer, 2004. European Medieval Drama , 8., ( 2004): Pages 17 - 34.
Year of Publication: 2004.

50. Record Number: 10857
Author(s): Salih, Sarah.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Medieval Looks Back: A Response to "Troubled Vision" [Salih provides a brief case study of manuscript illuminations of monsters from a copy of "Mandeville's Travels." She argues that the hyper-masculinity of the naked giants defines them as other, bereft of culture and social order. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

51. Record Number: 10985
Author(s): McGinley, Kevin J.
Contributor(s):
Title : The "Fenzeit" and the Feminine: Robert Henryson's "Orpheus and Eurydice" and the Gendering of Poetry [The author argues that the narrative in the poem is associated with the feminine while the concluding "moralitas" is identified as masculine. McGinley suggests that in this way the poet calls into question the traditional patriarchal values and presents the feminine more positively. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Woman and the Feminine in Medieval and Early Modern Scottish Writing. Edited by Sarah M. Dunnigan, C. Marie Harker, and Evelyn S. Newlyn . Palgrave Macmillan, 2004. European Medieval Drama , 8., ( 2004): Pages 74 - 85.
Year of Publication: 2004.

52. Record Number: 10982
Author(s): Ewan, Elizabeth.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Dangers of Manly Women: Late Medieval Perceptions of Female Heroism in Scotland's Second War of Independence [The author examines accounts of two noble women in Scottish histories. Lady Seton urged her husband to resist the English, even at the cost of her hostage son's life. Agnes, countess of Dunbar, held her castle and defied the English attackers repeatedly. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

53. Record Number: 11011
Author(s): Muir, Carolyn Diskant.
Contributor(s):
Title : Bride or Bridegroom? Masculine Identity in Mystic Marriages [The author briefly examines two cases, those of Heinrich Seuse and Saint Hermann Joseph. Muir argues that men were less likely to report mystic marriage than women, but they had a wider range of experiences. Most notably they took on both masculine and feminine identities simultaneously. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

54. Record Number: 10876
Author(s): Kittell, Ellen E.
Contributor(s):
Title : Reconciliation or Punishment: Women, Community, and Malefaction in the Medieval County of Flanders [The author argues that women began to be associated with specific crimes during the fourteenth century in the Low Countries. In the previous century the emphasis was on reconciliation among individuals in conflict, but during the fourteenth century the courts focused on punishing the offender. Title note supplied by Feminae.]

Source: The Texture of Society: Medieval Women in the Southern Low Countries. Edited by Ellen E. Kittell and Mary A. Suydam . Palgrave Macmillan, 2004. European Medieval Drama , 8., ( 2004): Pages 3 - 30.
Year of Publication: 2004.

55. Record Number: 10853
Author(s): Keen, Catherine M.
Contributor(s):
Title : Sex and the Medieval City: Viewing the Body Politic from Exile in Early Italian Verse [Keen examines poems by four authors in exile (Dante, Cino da Pistoia, Pietro dei Faitinelli, and Niccolò del Rosso) in which the natal city is depicted as a beautiful woman; sometimes she is to be pitied, but other times she is hateful. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

56. Record Number: 10878
Author(s): Naessens, Mariann.
Contributor(s):
Title : Judicial Authorities' Views of Women's Roles in Late Medieval Flanders [The author examines court records concerning various sexual crimes including adultery, brothel keeping, and cross dressing. The judges appear to be most concerned with men's honor as preserved through women's fidelity and subordination. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

57. Record Number: 11419
Author(s): Bitel, Lisa M.
Contributor(s):
Title : Hail Brigit!: Gender, Authority, and Worship in Early Ireland [The author sets her study of Brigit within seventh century struggles for political and religious dominance in Ireland. Brigit's hagiographers sought to bolster her authority in order to strengthen the claims of the abbess of Kildare and her communitity to not only the churches in Leinster and the midlands but to all the religious women in Ireland. Bitel argues that paradoxically the basis of Brigit's authority comes from her gender; her hagiographies identify her powers as uniquely female. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Irish Women's History. Edited by Alan Hayes and Diane Urquhart . Irish Academic Press, 2004. European Medieval Drama , 8., ( 2004): Pages 1 - 14.
Year of Publication: 2004.

58. Record Number: 11010
Author(s): Craun, Christopher C.
Contributor(s):
Title : Matronly Monks: Theodoret of Cyrrhus' Sexual Imagery in the "Historia religiosa" [The author argues that Theodoret portrays early Syrian holy men as languishing in their love for God the Bridegroom and as bearing spiritual children. However, their innate masculinity is not compromised because they willed their submission to God. Title note supplied by Feminae.]

59. Record Number: 11018
Author(s): Ormrod, W. M.
Contributor(s):
Title : Monarchy, Martyrdom, and Masculinity: England in the Later Middle Ages [Calling for a gendered reading of monarchy, the author emphasizes both the masculine and feminine characteristics necessary in rulership. Taking the kings who promoted the cults of Edward II and Henry VI as examples, Ormrod argues that the reassertion of the sainted kings' masculinity provided political stability but also countered the perceived gender transgressions of their queens, Isabelle of France and Margaret of Anjou. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

60. Record Number: 10455
Author(s): Levy, Allison.
Contributor(s):
Title : Augustine's Concessions and Other Failures: Mourning and Masculinity in Fifteenth-Century Tuscany [The author examines paintings of St. Augustine mourning his mother along with excerpts from his "Confessions," and humanist funeral orations. Levy argues that female mourning in public was suppressed in favor of controlled, masculine commemorations in Latin. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Grief and Gender: 700-1700. Edited by Jennifer C. Vaught with Lynne Dickson Bruckner . Palgrave Macmillan, 2003. Church History , 72., 3 (September 2003): Pages 81 - 94.
Year of Publication: 2003.

61. Record Number: 7869
Author(s): Bennett, Judith M.
Contributor(s):
Title : England: Women and Gender [The author provides an overview of recent historiographic issues for the study of women and gender in late medieval England. Topics highlighted include the recent emphasis on the many differences in medieval women's conditions (social status, stage in the life course, ethnicity, religious status, and more), changes over time, medieval expectations of the roles and behaviors for women, and the impact of women's history on the history of medieval England in general. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: A Companion to Britain in the Later Middle Ages. Edited by S. H. Rigby . Blackwell Companions to British History. Blackwell Publishing, 2003. Church History , 72., 3 (September 2003): Pages 87 - 106.
Year of Publication: 2003.

62. Record Number: 10872
Author(s): Rigby, S.H.
Contributor(s):
Title : Thematic Reviews: Gender and the Family in Pre-industrial Europe [The author in this review essay discusses four books concerning medieval women and gender: "Alcohol, Sex and Gender in Late Medieval and Early Modern Europe," "For Her Good Estates: The Life of Elizabeth de Burgh," "Medieval Women and the Law," and "Women in Medieval Italian Society, 500-1200." Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Gender and History , 15., 2 (August 2003): Pages 361 - 365.
Year of Publication: 2003.

63. Record Number: 13144
Author(s): Grauer, A. L
Contributor(s):
Title : Where were the Women?

Source: Human Biologists in the Archives. Edited by Ann Herring and Alan C. Swedlund . Cambridge University Press, 2003. Gender and History , 15., 2 (August 2003): Pages 201 - 224.
Year of Publication: 2003.

64. Record Number: 10703
Author(s): Phelpstead, Carl,
Contributor(s):
Title : The Sexual Ideology of Hrólfs saga kraka [The author argues that "Hrólfs saga" embodies patriachal values influenced by Christian concerns. This homosocial world of men generally views women in a misogynist light. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Scandinavian Studies , 75., 1 (Spring 2003): Pages 1 - 24.
Year of Publication: 2003.

65. Record Number: 11657
Author(s): Müller, Matthias
Contributor(s):
Title : Saint, Witch, Man, Maid, or Whore?: Joan of Arc and Writing History [The author analyses English historians' accounts from the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries about Joan of Arc's virginity. Bernau argues that their preoccupation signals larger concerns, not just about religious and political debates, but about the rhetoric of truth and representation in history. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Medieval Virginities. Edited by Anke Bernau, Ruth Evans, and Sarah Salih . Religion and Culture in the Middle Ages series. University of Wales Press; University of Toronto Press, 2003. Scandinavian Studies , 75., 1 (Spring 2003): Pages 214 - 233.
Year of Publication: 2003.

66. Record Number: 10725
Author(s): Lehfeldt, Elizabeth A.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Gender Shared Sovereignty: Texts and the Royal Marriage of Isabella and Ferdinand [The author analyzes the first year of Isabella's and Ferdinand's joint reign through the texts of four chroniclers: Fernando del Pulgar, Alfonso de Palencia, Diego de Valera, and Juan de Flores. Lehfeldt finds that Valera consistently defends Isabella's right to rule, while Palencia is harshly critical much of the time. Flores and Pulgar seemingly tried to avoid committing themselves to either monarch. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Women, Texts, and Authority in the Early Modern Spanish World. Edited by Marta V. Vicente and Luis R. Corteguera . Ashgate, 2003. Scandinavian Studies , 75., 1 (Spring 2003): Pages 37 - 55.
Year of Publication: 2003.

67. Record Number: 16586
Author(s): Hults, Linda C.
Contributor(s):
Title : Dürer's "Four Witches" Reconsidered [The author argues that Dürer's engraving should be viewed in conjunction with the "Malleus maleficarum" as part of the developing theory on women's sexuality and witchcraft. Hults suggests that Dürer cleverly combined a variety of visual allusions includ

Source: Saints, Sinners, and Sisters: Gender and Northern Art in Medieval and Early Modern Europe. Edited by Jane L. Carroll and Alison G. Stewart . Ashgate, 2003. Scandinavian Studies , 75., 1 (Spring 2003): Pages 94 - 126.
Year of Publication: 2003.

68. Record Number: 11022
Author(s): Johnston, Mark.
Contributor(s):
Title : Gender as Conduct in the Courtesy Guides for Aristocratic Boys and Girls of Amanieu de Sescás [Amanieu de Sescás wrote his poems of advice for young women and young men in the early 1290s. Johnston argues that while a few behaviors are gender specific, the poet generally emphasizes a common ethic of courtliness for nobles of both sexes. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Essays in Medieval Studies (Full Text via Project Muse) 20 (2003): 75-84. Link Info
Year of Publication: 2003.

69. Record Number: 9763
Author(s): Gerli, E. Michael.
Contributor(s):
Title : Masculinity, Reform, and Clerical Culture: Narratives of Episcopal Holiness in the Gregorian Era [The author examines two versions of the "Life" of Saint Ulrich to trace the differences in the representation of masculinity, both clerical and lay. Miller argues that the proponents of the Gregorian Reform tried to establish a priestly hypermasculinity (untouched by female impurity and removed from familial entanglements) that separated the clergy from the male laity and justifed their special authority. Furthermore this competition between clerics and lay men strengthened the misogynist discourse in that era. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Church History , 72., 1 (March 2003): Pages 25 - 52.
Year of Publication: 2003.

70. Record Number: 10996
Author(s): de Vries, Joyce.
Contributor(s):
Title : Caterina Sforza's Portrait Medals: Power, Gender and Representation in the Italian Renaissance Court [Caterina Sforza ruled Forli and Imola after the murder of her husband. She commissioned a series of portrait medals that established her persona first as a noble young wife, then a widow-ruler, and finally as a triumphant regent. The medals use motifs associated with male political power to indicate her authority and success. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Woman's Art Journal , 24., 1 (Spring/Summer 2003): Pages 23 - 28.
Year of Publication: 2003.

71. Record Number: 8063
Author(s): McNamara, Jo Ann.
Contributor(s):
Title : Women and Power through the Family Revisited

Source: Gendering the Master Narrative: Women and Power in the Middle Ages. Edited by Mary C. Erler and Maryanne Kowaleski . Cornell University Press, 2003. Woman's Art Journal , 24., 1 (Spring/Summer 2003): Pages 17 - 30.
Year of Publication: 2003.

72. Record Number: 10451
Author(s): Ingham, Patricia Clare.
Contributor(s):
Title : From Kinship to Kingship: Mourning, Gender, and Anglo-Saxon Community [The author examines the characters Wealthow and Hildeburh in "Beowulf" and, to a lesser degree, the poems, "The Wife's Lament" and "Wulf and Eadwacer." Ingham argues that the women do important cultural work as the ones responsible for hopeless loss. In the larger historical moment they uphold the ties of kinship as society comes to accept the personal loyalty owed to a centralizing sovereign. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Grief and Gender: 700-1700. Edited by Jennifer C. Vaught with Lynne Dickson Bruckner . Palgrave Macmillan, 2003. Woman's Art Journal , 24., 1 (Spring/Summer 2003): Pages 17 - 31.
Year of Publication: 2003.

73. Record Number: 10453
Author(s): Bodden, M. C.
Contributor(s):
Title : Disordered Grief and Fashionable Afflictions in Chaucer's "Franklin's Tale" and the "Clerk's Tale" [The author examines the gendered treatment of grief. Dorigen's expressions are extremely anguished and disordered, while the male characters experience grief more "rationally" in connection with honor and the loss of power over women. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

74. Record Number: 8710
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : The Gender of Lordly Women: The Case of Adela of Blois [The author argues that scholars who view medieval women rulers as "honorary men" are wrong. Instead medieval understandings of gender and lordship situated ruling women like Adela within royal and noble families. While acknowledging that they sometimes needed to act like men, it did not negate their femininity since they fulfilled important roles as daughters, wives, and mothers. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Studies on Medieval and Early Modern Women: Pawns or Players? Edited by Christine Meek and Catherine Lawless . Four Courts Press, 2003. Woman's Art Journal , 24., 1 (Spring/Summer 2003): Pages 90 - 110.
Year of Publication: 2003.

75. Record Number: 8069
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Did Goddesses Empower Women? The Case of Dame Nature [The author argues that Christine de Pizan reinterprets the figure of Nature, making her a representation of all forms of female creativity. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

76. Record Number: 10448
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Por coi la pucele pleure: The Feminine Enigma of the Grail Quest

Source: Neophilologus , 87., 4 (October 2003): Pages 517 - 527.
Year of Publication: 2003.

77. Record Number: 11647
Author(s): Salih, Sarah, Anke Bernau and Ruth Evans
Contributor(s):
Title : Introduction: Virginities and Virginity Studies [The three editors of "Medieval Virginities" briefly outline the current state of thinking about virginity in the Middle Ages in terms of themes and methodologies including feminism, gender studies, symbolism, and the monstrous. They also summarize the findings of the eleven essay published in the "Medieval Virginities" collection. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Medieval Virginities. Edited by Anke Bernau, Ruth Evans, and Sarah Salih . Religion and Culture in the Middle Ages series. University of Wales Press; University of Toronto Press, 2003. European Medieval Drama , 8., ( 2004): Pages 1 - 13.
Year of Publication: 2003.

78. Record Number: 10447
Author(s): Klinck, Anne L.
Contributor(s):
Title : Poetic Markers of Gender in Medieval "Woman's Song": Was Anonymous a Woman? [The author examines five pairs of love-complaints, written wholly or in part in a woman's voice. The poems are drawn from Old English, Occitan, German, Italian, Galician-Portuguese, and Middle English. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Neophilologus , 87., 3 (July 2003): Pages 339 - 359.
Year of Publication: 2003.

79. Record Number: 9765
Author(s): Boon, Jessica A.
Contributor(s):
Title : Trinitarian Love Mysticism: Ruusbroec, Hadewijch, and the Gendered Experience of the Divine [The author emphasizes the importance of this case because Ruusbroec acknowledged the influence of Hadewijch as a holy woman on his thinking. Boon argues that this indicates Ruusbroec's belief in woman's spiritual equality and that it was a woman who best formulated theological metaphysics for union with God. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Church History , 72., 3 (September 2003): Pages 484 - 503.
Year of Publication: 2003.

80. Record Number: 8072
Author(s): Rees Jones, Sarah.
Contributor(s):
Title : Women's Influence on the Design of Urban Homes [The author argues that home ownership was more important to women than to men. Houses provided security, status, and a means for earning income. The physical environment of the home shaped the bourgeois ideal of female domesticity. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Gendering the Master Narrative: Women and Power in the Middle Ages. Edited by Mary C. Erler and Maryanne Kowaleski . Cornell University Press, 2003. Church History , 72., 3 (September 2003): Pages 190 - 211.
Year of Publication: 2003.

81. Record Number: 8073
Author(s): Riddy, Felicity.
Contributor(s):
Title : Looking Closely: Authority and Intimacy in the Late Medieval Urban Home [The author explores the meanings of "home" and "homeliness" in late medieval English texts. She argues that it was a place where women took care of all the needs of the body. The author suggests that this kind of intimacy promoted a certain egalitarian attitude in the bourgeois home. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

82. Record Number: 11434
Author(s): Dunlop, Anne.
Contributor(s):
Title : Flesh and the Feminine: Early-Renaissance Images of the Madonna with Eve at Her Feet

Source: Oxford Art Journal , 25., 2 ( 2002): Pages 127 - 147.
Year of Publication: 2002.

83. Record Number: 8642
Author(s): Lee, Becky R.
Contributor(s):
Title : A Company of Women and Men: Men's Recollections of Childbirth in Medieval England

Source: Journal of Family History , 27., 2 (April 2002): Pages 92 - 100.
Year of Publication: 2002.

84. Record Number: 6637
Author(s): Riches, Samantha J. E.
Contributor(s):
Title : St. George as a Male Virgin Martyr [the author argues that Saint George's representation borrowed from the female virgin martyrs to establish his virginity as a third gender; stories and images also emphasized his chastity by his connection to the Virgin Mary and his defeat of sexualized dragons].

Source: Gender and Holiness: Men, Women, and Saints in Late Medieval Europe. Edited by Samantha J. E. Riches and Sarah Salih . Routledge, 2002. Journal of Family History , 27., 2 (April 2002): Pages 65 - 85.
Year of Publication: 2002.

85. Record Number: 14607
Author(s): Bock, Gisela and Margarete Zimmermann
Contributor(s):
Title : The European "Querelle des femmes" [The authors trace the history of the "Querelle des femmes," the debate concerning women's nature and status during the late Middle Ages and Early Modern period. They are particularly interested in the ways that modern scholars have represented the "Querelle" given its multidisciplinary scope and international extent. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Medieval forms of argument: disputation and debate. Edited by Georgiana Donavin, Carol Poster, and Richard Utz Disputatio . Wipf and Stock, 5 2002. Gender and History , 15., 2 (August 2003): Pages 127 - 156.
Year of Publication: 2002.

86. Record Number: 9501
Author(s): Lee, Becky R.
Contributor(s):
Title : Men's Recollections of a Women's Rite: Medieval English Men's Recollections Regarding the Rite of the Purification of Women after Childbirth

Source: Gender and History , 14., 2 (August 2002): Pages 224 - 241.
Year of Publication: 2002.

87. Record Number: 9703
Author(s): Howell, Margaret.
Contributor(s):
Title : Royal Women of England and France in the Mid-Thirteenth Century: A Gendered Perspective [The author examines the lives of twelve royal women associated with Henry III, King of England, and Louis IX, King of France. Howell analyzes various issues conditioned by gender including motherhood, relations with husbands, intercession, and political power. She concludes that for queens like Isabella of Angoulme, Blanche of Castile, Marguerite of Provence, Eleanor of Castile, and Eleanor of Provence, marriage brought lives that were varied, interesting, and satisfying. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: England and Europe in the Reign of Henry III (1216-1272). Edited by Bjšrn K. U. Weiler with Ifor W. Rowlands . Ashgate, 2002. Gender and History , 14., 2 (August 2002): Pages 163 - 181.
Year of Publication: 2002.

88. Record Number: 10640
Author(s): Tarbin, Stephanie.
Contributor(s):
Title : Moral Regulation and Civic Identity in London, 1400-1530

Source: Our Medieval Heritage: Essays in Honour of John Tillotson for His 60th Birthday. Edited by Linda Rasmussen, Valerie Spear, and Dianne Tillotson . Merton Priory Press, 2002. Gender and History , 14., 2 (August 2002): Pages 126 - 136.
Year of Publication: 2002.

89. Record Number: 10531
Author(s): Colwell, Tania.
Contributor(s):
Title : Medieval Masculinities: Transgressions and Transformations

Source: Our Medieval Heritage: Essays in Honour of John Tillotson for His 60th Birthday. Edited by Linda Rasmussen, Valerie Spear, and Dianne Tillotson . Merton Priory Press, 2002. Gender and History , 15., 2 (August 2003): Pages 137 - 156.
Year of Publication: 2002.

90. Record Number: 11032
Author(s): Davis, Isabel.
Contributor(s):
Title : Consuming the Body of the Working Man in the Later Middle Ages [The author argues for a more nuanced reading of the working man's body. Davis cites literary texts in which the male peasant is associated with food and sustenance while other texts emphasize the pain and bodily disfigurement that the work brings. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Consuming Narrative: Gender and Monstrous Appetite in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. Edited by Liz Herbert McAvoy and Teresa Walters . University of Wales Press, 2002. Gender and History , 14., 2 (August 2002): Pages 42 - 53.
Year of Publication: 2002.

91. Record Number: 7252
Author(s): Sheingorn, Pamela.
Contributor(s):
Title : Joseph the Carpenter's Failure at Familial Discipline [The author examines representations of Joseph in some fourteenth century texts and illustrations concerning apocryphal stories of the flight into Egypt. He is presented very negatively both as a Jew and a member of the lower class. His masculinity is even further questioned because he cannot protect his family nor can he assert his patriarchal authority over his wife and child. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Insights and Interpretations: Studies in Celebrations of the Eighty-Fifth Anniversary of the Index of Christian Art. Edited by Colum Hourihane . Index of Christian Art, Department of Art and Archaeology, Princeton University in association with Princeton University Press, 2002. Gender and History , 15., 2 (August 2003): Pages 156 - 167.
Year of Publication: 2002.

92. Record Number: 6634
Author(s): Larson, Wendy R.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Role of Patronage and Audience in the Cults of Sts. Margaret and Marina of Antioch [the author compares the cults of the two saints who share virtually the same "vita" but whose powers and devotees were very different; Saint Marina offered help against demonic influences in general to men and women alike while Saint Margaret was most venerated for the aid she offered to women and babies in childbirth].

Source: Gender and Holiness: Men, Women, and Saints in Late Medieval Europe. Edited by Samantha J. E. Riches and Sarah Salih . Routledge, 2002. Gender and History , 15., 2 (August 2003): Pages 23 - 35.
Year of Publication: 2002.

93. Record Number: 6636
Author(s): Easton, Martha.
Contributor(s):
Title : Pain, Torture, and Death in the Huntington Library "Legenda aurea" [The author analyzes the manuscript illuminations representing the torture and executions of male and female martyrs, arguing that the binary system of gender was frequently transcended].

94. Record Number: 6224
Author(s): Nicholson, Francesca.
Contributor(s):
Title : Seeing Women Troubadours without the "-itz" and "-isms"

Source: Seeing Gender: Perspectives on Medieval Gender and Sexuality. Gender and Medieval Studies Conference, King's College, London, January 4-6, 2002. . 2002. Gender and History , 15., 2 (August 2003):
Year of Publication: 2002.

95. Record Number: 7397
Author(s): Jordan, Constance.
Contributor(s):
Title : More from "The Other Voice" in Early Modern Europe [The author writes a review essay concerning seven recent titles in the University of Chicago Press Series "The Other Voice." Three of the titles are by medieval authors: Sister Bartolomea Riccoboni, "Life and Death in a Venetian Convent;" Lucrezia Tornabuoni de' Medici, "Sacred Narratives;" and Cassandra Fedele, "Letters and Orations." Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Renaissance Quarterly , 55., 1 (Spring 2002): Pages 258 - 271.
Year of Publication: 2002.

96. Record Number: 8083
Author(s): Najemy, John M.
Contributor(s):
Title : Giannozzo and His Elders: Alberti's Critique of Renaissance Patriarchy [The author argues that the figure of Giannozzo is used by Alberti to criticize the arbitrary power of fathers over sons and the resulting efforts of sons to control their wives, thereby recuperating some of their lost masculinity. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Society and Individual in Renaissance Florence. Edited by William J. Connell . University of California Press, 2002. Renaissance Quarterly , 55., 1 (Spring 2002): Pages 51 - 78.
Year of Publication: 2002.

97. Record Number: 7305
Author(s): Rasmussen, Ann Marie.
Contributor(s):
Title : Gendered Knowledge and Eavesdropping in the Late-Medieval "Minnerede" [The author argues for a poetics of gender in the "Minnerede" with an eavesdropping male narrator and a female speaker whose concerns about love are voiced in secret. The "Minnereden" narratives take place in two different milieu, the city and the court. The appendix inventories twenty-five "Minnereden" and seven "maeren" that feature an eavesdropping motif. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Speculum , 77., 4 (October 2002): Pages 1168 - 1194.
Year of Publication: 2002.

98. Record Number: 9340
Author(s): Broedel, Hans Peter.
Contributor(s):
Title : To Preserve the Manly Form from So Vile a Crime: Ecclesiastical Anti-Sodomitic Rhetoric and the Gendering of Witchcraft in the "Malleus Maleficarum" [Broedel argues that Heinrich Krämer, the author, with the help of Jacob Sprenger, of the "Malleus maleficarum," adopted the language and critiques of sodomy to describe witchcraft, thus making it a crime of deviant sexuality. Since women were naturally predisposed to witchcraft due to weaknesses in their nature, they were lured into sexual sins with demons. Men who were enchanted by witches lost their potency or became emasculated. Using these kinds of arguments, Krämer created a witch that was much more threatening than in other contemporary tracts. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Essays in Medieval Studies (Full Text via Project Muse) 19 (2002): 136-148. Link Info
Year of Publication: 2002.

99. Record Number: 6214
Author(s): Green, Monica H.
Contributor(s):
Title : Hard-Core Philology: Notes from the Trenches of the History of Women's Medicine

Source: Seeing Gender: Perspectives on Medieval Gender and Sexuality. Gender and Medieval Studies Conference, King's College, London, January 4-6, 2002. . 2002.
Year of Publication: 2002.

100. Record Number: 7833
Author(s): Sluhovsky, Moshe.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Devil in the Convent

Source: American Historical Review , 107., 5 (December 2002): Pages 1378 - 1411.
Year of Publication: 2002.

101. Record Number: 6227
Author(s): Richardson, Amanda.
Contributor(s):
Title : Seeing Gender in Architecture: A Study of Queens' Apartments in English Royal Palaces c. 1160-1547

Source: Seeing Gender: Perspectives on Medieval Gender and Sexuality. Gender and Medieval Studies Conference, King's College, London, January 4-6, 2002. . 2002. American Historical Review , 107., 5 (December 2002):
Year of Publication: 2002.

102. Record Number: 6212
Author(s): Gaunt, Simon.
Contributor(s):
Title : The look of love: the gender of the gaze in troubadour lyric

103. Record Number: 9333
Author(s): Cain, James D.
Contributor(s):
Title : Unnatural History: Gender and Genealogy in Gerald of Wales's "Topographia Hibernica" [In his text, the "Topographia Hibernica," Giradus Cambrensis had two major complaints about the Irish: their sexual immorality and their difficulties in organizing themselves politically. He saw these as symptoms of the lack of self-restraint which plagued the country in many different ways. The Anglo-Normans attempted to impose order in Ireland through inheritance favoring the eldest son and marriage according to the dictates of the Church. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Essays in Medieval Studies (Full Text via Project Muse) 19 (2002): 29-43. Link Info
Year of Publication: 2002.

104. Record Number: 8727
Author(s): Jussen, Bernhard.
Contributor(s):
Title : Virgins- Widows- Spouses: On the Language of Moral Distinction as Applied to Women and Men in the Middle Ages

Source: History of the Family , 7., 1 ( 2002): Pages 13 - 32.
Year of Publication: 2002.

105. Record Number: 10863
Author(s): Perfetti, Lisa.
Contributor(s):
Title : Is the Undergraduate Classroom Post-Feminist Yet? [Second article in a roundtable entitled "Are We Post-Feminist Yet?"] [The author argues for the importance of feminism, both for understanding medieval literary texts and for educating students to take active roles in their communities. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Medieval Feminist Forum , 34., (Fall 2002): Pages 31 - 34.
Year of Publication: 2002.

106. Record Number: 9334
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Gender in the World of William Marshal and Bertran de Born [The author analyzes the lives of both William Marshal, knight "extraordinaire," and Bertran de Born, a French lord and troubadour, arguing for a continuity in their culture of a secular, knightly world made up largely of men. However, from Bertran's poem

Source: Essays in Medieval Studies (Full Text via Project Muse) 19 (2002): 44-60. Link Info
Year of Publication: 2002.

107. Record Number: 10533
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Henry Suso and the Medieval Devotion to Christ the Goddess

Source: Spiritus: A Journal of Christian Spirituality (Full Text via Project Muse) 2, 1 (Spring 2002): 1-14. Link Info
Year of Publication: 2002.

108. Record Number: 6203
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Seeing Heroes and Ladies in Medieval Romance and Contemporary Mainstream Cinema

Source: Seeing Gender: Perspectives on Medieval Gender and Sexuality. Gender and Medieval Studies Conference, King's College, London, January 4-6, 2002. . 2002.
Year of Publication: 2002.

109. Record Number: 8880
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Theophylact of Ochrid's "In Defence of Eunuchs" [Theophylact, archbishop of Ochrid, wrote the polemical text for his brother, who was a eunuch. It consists of a pair of speeches, the first discussing the bad qualities of eunuchs and the second defending eunuchs at much greater length. A large part of his argument emphasizes the ascetic control that good eunuchs exercise in their pursuit of Christian virtues. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Eunuchs in Antiquity and Beyond. Edited by Shaun Tougher . Classical Press of Wales and Duckworth, 2002. Pages 177 - 198.
Year of Publication: 2002.

110. Record Number: 9339
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : The Feminization of Magic and the Emerging Idea of the Female Witch in the Late Middle Ages [This article explores Johannes Nider's text "Formicarius," written around 1437, and the first to state that women were more likely to be witches. Previously theologians had expressed concern over necromancy performed by learned men. However, women now posed a threat because their natures suited them to witchcraft, a feminized form of magic requiring sexual submission to the devil. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Essays in Medieval Studies (Full Text via Project Muse) 19 (2002): 120-134. Link Info
Year of Publication: 2002.

111. Record Number: 8281
Author(s): Vasvári, Louise O.
Contributor(s):
Title : Intimate Violence: Shrew Taming as Wedding Ritual in the "Conde Lucanor"

Source: Marriage and Sexuality in Medieval and Early Modern Iberia. Hispanic Issues, Volume 26. Edited by Eukene Lacarra Lanz . Routledge, 2002. Pages 21 - 38.
Year of Publication: 2002.

112. Record Number: 6206
Author(s): Cadden, Joan.
Contributor(s):
Title : Are Sodomites Feminine? A View from Natural Philosophy

Source: Seeing Gender: Perspectives on Medieval Gender and Sexuality. Gender and Medieval Studies Conference, King's College, London, January 4-6, 2002. . 2002.
Year of Publication: 2002.

113. Record Number: 6223
Author(s): Lindgren, Amy K.,
Contributor(s):
Title : Violent Erections and Suffocating Wombs: Gendered Sexual Dysfunctions in Medieval Spain

Source: Seeing Gender: Perspectives on Medieval Gender and Sexuality. Gender and Medieval Studies Conference, King's College, London, January 4-6, 2002. . 2002.
Year of Publication: 2002.

114. Record Number: 6230
Author(s): Stabler, Tanya
Contributor(s):
Title : Women's Choices, Women's Charities: Gender and Testamentary Practice in High Medieval Paris

Source: Seeing Gender: Perspectives on Medieval Gender and Sexuality. Gender and Medieval Studies Conference, King's College, London, January 4-6, 2002. . 2002.
Year of Publication: 2002.

115. Record Number: 10671
Author(s): Weaver, Elissa B.
Contributor(s):
Title : Gender [The author provides an overview of gender issues in the Renaissance. Weaver concludes with a qualififed "yes" to Joan Kelly's compelling question, "Did women have a Renaissance?" She emphasizes that gender roles were recognized as being culturally constructed and that they were a subject of debate. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: A Companion to the Worlds of the Renaissance. Edited by Guido Ruggiero . Blackwell Publishing, 2002. Pages 188 - 207.
Year of Publication: 2002.

116. Record Number: 10861
Author(s): Hennequinn, M. Wendy.
Contributor(s):
Title : Not Quite One of the Guys: Pantysyllya as Virgin Warrior in Lydgate's "Troy Book" [The author argues that Lydgate represents Penthesilea with a mixture of manly and womanly characteristics, thus having her fall into the more flexible gender of the virgin. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Medieval Feminist Forum , 34., (Fall 2002): Pages 8 - 24.
Year of Publication: 2002.

117. Record Number: 6640
Author(s): Salih, Sarah.
Contributor(s):
Title : Staging Conversion: The Digby Saint Plays and "The Book of Margery Kempe" [the author examines the representation of conversion in Margery Kempe's "Book" and in the Digby saint plays of Mary Magdalene and Saint Paul; she argues that conversion is a predominantly masculine topos which affects Margery's and Mary Magdalene's gender identity].

Source: Gender and Holiness: Men, Women, and Saints in Late Medieval Europe. Edited by Samantha J. E. Riches and Sarah Salih . Routledge, 2002. Medieval Feminist Forum , 34., (Fall 2002): Pages 121 - 134.
Year of Publication: 2002.

118. Record Number: 7133
Author(s): Salih, Sarah.
Contributor(s):
Title : Queering "Sponsalia Christi": Virginity, Gender, and Desire in the Early Middle English Anchoritic Texts [The author examines virginity, in particular the image of the bride of Christ, in the Katherine Group and "Wohunge of Ure Lauerd." She argues that the sexualization in the text does not imply heterosexualization but an eroticism that emphasizes likeness, sometimes both masculine with images of power and sometimes both feminine with images of beauty. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: New Medieval Literatures , 5., ( 2002): Pages 155 - 175.
Year of Publication: 2002.

119. Record Number: 6208
Author(s): Currey, Kate.
Contributor(s):
Title : Re-presenting Joan of Arc: The Embodiment of Female Identity in Late- Medieval Literature

Source: Seeing Gender: Perspectives on Medieval Gender and Sexuality. Gender and Medieval Studies Conference, King's College, London, January 4-6, 2002. . 2002. New Medieval Literatures , 5., ( 2002):
Year of Publication: 2002.

120. Record Number: 6633
Author(s): Murray, Jacqueline.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Law of Sin That is in My Members: The Problem of Male Embodiment [the author argues that there was a problem not only with women's bodies but with men's as well; there was a fundamental dis-ease with the male body and its manifestations of sexuality as seen in such examples as Abelard's castration and the problem of nocturnal emissions].

Source: Gender and Holiness: Men, Women, and Saints in Late Medieval Europe. Edited by Samantha J. E. Riches and Sarah Salih . Routledge, 2002. New Medieval Literatures , 5., ( 2002): Pages 9 - 22.
Year of Publication: 2002.

121. Record Number: 8441
Author(s): Gradowicz-Pancer, Nira.
Contributor(s):
Title : De-gendering Female Violence: Merovingian Female Honour as an "Exchange of Violence"

Source: Early Medieval Europe , 11., 1 ( 2002): Pages 1 - 18.
Year of Publication: 2002.

122. Record Number: 6641
Author(s): Cullum, P. H.
Contributor(s):
Title : Gendering Charity in Medieval Hagiography [the author argues that not only did ideas about gendered behavior affect views of sanctity but conceptions of sanctity also had an impact on gender roles; men were expected to be charitable but responsible while women were often characterized as irresponsible, excessive, and other negative feminine stereotypes; in transgressing gender lines some charitable holy women and men were still canonized (e.g., Saint Francis and Elizabeth of Hungary) while others were rejected as role models (e.g., Charles of Blois and Peter Valdes)].

Source: Gender and Holiness: Men, Women, and Saints in Late Medieval Europe. Edited by Samantha J. E. Riches and Sarah Salih . Routledge, 2002. Early Medieval Europe , 11., 1 ( 2002): Pages 135 - 151.
Year of Publication: 2002.

123. Record Number: 6200
Author(s): Batt, Catherine.
Contributor(s):
Title : Gendered Patronage and the Metatextual in Thomas Hoccleve's Series

Source: Seeing Gender: Perspectives on Medieval Gender and Sexuality. Gender and Medieval Studies Conference, King's College, London, January 4-6, 2002. . 2002. Early Medieval Europe , 11., 1 ( 2002):
Year of Publication: 2002.

124. Record Number: 6211
Author(s): Franc, Catherine.
Contributor(s):
Title : Beastly pagan men and Christian virgin martyrs: rape in Anglo-Latin and Anglo-Saxon hagiography

125. Record Number: 7271
Author(s): McCracken, Peggy.
Contributor(s):
Title : Engendering Sacrifice: Blood, Lineage, and Infanticide in Old French Literature [The author analyzes the theme of infanticide in Chretien de Troyes' "Philomena," "Ami et Amile," accounts of Abraham and Isaac, and "Jourdain de Blaye." The author argues that the child's death takes on a different meaning according to the gender of the sacrificer. When the father kills the child, the blood is paternal blood and represents a sacrifice for loyalty or for God. When the mother kills the child, the blood is maternal, associated with the impurities of childbirth, and is done only as an act of revenge. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Speculum , 77., 1 (January 2002): Pages 55 - 75.
Year of Publication: 2002.

126. Record Number: 6614
Author(s): Rieder, Paula M.
Contributor(s):
Title : Insecure Borders: Symbols of Clerical Privilege and Gender Ambiguity in the Liturgy of Churching [The author argues that while churching recognized male superiority and clerical authority it also allowed for gender subversion with women invading holy places and repeatedly celebrating the rite in honor of their neighbors].

Source: The Material Culture of Sex, Procreation, and Marriage in Premodern Europe. Edited by Anne L. McClanan and Karen Rosoff Encarnación . Palgrave, 2002. Speculum , 77., 1 (January 2002): Pages 93 - 113.
Year of Publication: 2002.

127. Record Number: 8090
Author(s): Laskaya, Anne.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Feminized World and Divine Violence: Texts and Images of the Apocalypse [The author argues that the illustrations in late medieval Apocalypse books present a triumphant militant masculinity opposed to a variety of feminized threats including the Great Whore of Babylon, monsters, and even the verdant earth. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Domestic Violence in Medieval Texts. Edited by Eve Salisbury, Georgiana Donavin, and Merrall Llewelyn Price . University Press of Florida, 2002. Speculum , 77., 1 (January 2002): Pages 299 - 341.
Year of Publication: 2002.

128. Record Number: 9338
Author(s): Westphal, Sarah.
Contributor(s):
Title : Bad Girls in the Middle Ages: Gender, Law, and German Literature [The author examines two cases in German literature, that of Calefurnia in the "Sachsenspiegel" and Brunhilt in "Die Mörin," in which women act as advocates in court. While Calefurnia is presented as outrageous and Brunhilt as angry and animal-like, it still suggests that women and women's issues, in particular their seduction and abandonment by men, may merit a public hearing, both in a law court and with an audience listening to poetry. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Essays in Medieval Studies (Full Text via Project Muse) 19 (2002): 103-119. Link Info
Year of Publication: 2002.

129. Record Number: 7817
Author(s): Clark, Anne L.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Priesthood of the Virgin Mary: Gender Trouble in the Twelfth Century [The author examines the writings of Hildegard of Bingen and Elisabeth of Schönau and the representation of Mary on the silver eucharistic chalice from Cologne. Though Mary is shown with her hands raised in prayer, her association with other male figures on the chalice suggests an affirmation of male priestly prerogatives. Hildegard and Elisabeth emphasize their visions and virginity, not to argue for the ordination of women, but to indicate the roles they and other religious women played in the church. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Journal of Feminist Studies in Religion , 18., 1 (Spring 2002): Pages 5 - 24.
Year of Publication: 2002.

130. Record Number: 11031
Author(s): Watt, Diane.
Contributor(s):
Title : Consuming Passions in Book VIII of John Gower's "Confessio Amantis" [The author argues that the various "appetites" condemned by Gower (incest, latent homosexuality, and female desire) are part of a mirror for princes guide to proper manly behavior that emphasizes the control of sexuality. Title note supplied by Feminae.]

Source: Consuming Narrative: Gender and Monstrous Appetite in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. Edited by Liz Herbert McAvoy and Teresa Walters . University of Wales Press, 2002. Journal of Feminist Studies in Religion , 18., 1 (Spring 2002): Pages 28 - 41.
Year of Publication: 2002.

131. Record Number: 6201
Author(s): Bernau, Anke.
Contributor(s):
Title : Authors of our owne mischiefe: Albina, Boadicea, and the Writing of Nation

Source: Seeing Gender: Perspectives on Medieval Gender and Sexuality. Gender and Medieval Studies Conference, King's College, London, January 4-6, 2002. . 2002. Journal of Feminist Studies in Religion , 18., 1 (Spring 2002):
Year of Publication: 2002.

132. Record Number: 410
Author(s): Gilkison, Jean.
Contributor(s):
Title : Language and Gender in Diego de San Pedro's "Cárcel de Amor"

Source: Journal of Hispanic Research , 3., ( 2002): Pages 113 - 124.
Year of Publication: 2002.

133. Record Number: 7134
Author(s): Warren, Nancy Bradley.
Contributor(s):
Title : Monastic Politics: St. Colette of Corbie, Franciscan Reform, and the House of Burgundy

Source: New Medieval Literatures , 5., ( 2002): Pages 203 - 228.
Year of Publication: 2002.

134. Record Number: 9512
Author(s): Wiethaus, Ulrike.
Contributor(s):
Title : Thieves and Carnivals: Gender in German Dominican Literature of the Fourteenth Century [The author examines two autobiographical vernacular texts from Margarete Ebner and Heinrich Seuse. She argues that Seuse was concerned in part with disciplining nuns under his care and showing that female spirituality was inferior to his more intellectual approach. Ebner, on the other hand, wrote a spiritual manual for the nuns in her house in order to enhance their daily practices. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: The Vernacular Spirit: Essays on Medieval Religious Literature. Edited by Renate Blumenfeld-Kosinski, Duncan Robertson, and Nancy Bradley Warren . The New Middle Ages series. Palgrave, 2002. New Medieval Literatures , 5., ( 2002): Pages 209 - 238.
Year of Publication: 2002.

135. Record Number: 5971
Author(s): Lees, Clare A. and Gillian R. Overing
Contributor(s):
Title : The Clerics and the Critics: Women and Rhetoric in Anglo-Saxon England

Source: Gender and Conflict in the Middle Ages. Gender and Medieval Studies Conference, York, January 5-7 2001. . 2001. Gender and History , 14., 2 (August 2002):
Year of Publication: 2001.

136. Record Number: 5372
Author(s): Poorthuis, Marcel and Chana Safrai
Contributor(s):
Title : Fresh Water for a Tired Soul: Pregnancy and Messianic Desire in a Mediaeval Jewish Document from Sicily [The authors examine a text in Hebrew from the Cairo Geniza that describes three events full of Messianic promise; the first event involves a pregnant Jewish woman who experiences visions and calls on Jews to repent].

Source: Women and Miracle Stories: A Multidisciplinary Exploration. Edited by Anne-Marie Korte Studies in the History of Religions, 88. Brill, 2001. Gender and History , 14., 2 (August 2002): Pages 123 - 144.
Year of Publication: 2001.

137. Record Number: 5979
Author(s): Ryan, Denise.
Contributor(s):
Title : Herod's Law: Sovereignty and Trespass in the "Coventry Shearmen and Taylors Pageant"

Source: Gender and Conflict in the Middle Ages. Gender and Medieval Studies Conference, York, January 5-7 2001. . 2001. New Medieval Literatures , 4., ( 2001):
Year of Publication: 2001.

138. Record Number: 6722
Author(s): Bos, Elisabeth.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Literature of Spiritual Formation for Women in France and England, 1080-1180 [The author draws on letters written by such notable ecclesiastics as Peter the Venerable, Anselm, and Bernard of Clairvaux to nuns and to secular women, offering them advice on their spiritual problems].

Source: Listen, Daughter: The "Speculum virginum" and the Formation of Religious Women in the Middle Ages. Edited by Constant J. Mews . The New Middle Ages Series. Palgrave, 2001. New Medieval Literatures , 4., ( 2001): Pages 201 - 220.
Year of Publication: 2001.

139. Record Number: 7816
Author(s): Johns, Susan M.
Contributor(s):
Title : Poetry and Prayer: Women and Politics of Spiritual Relationships in the Early Twelfth Century

Source: European Review of History , 8., 1 ( 2001): Pages 7 - 22.
Year of Publication: 2001.

140. Record Number: 10645
Author(s): Karkov, Catherine E.
Contributor(s):
Title : Broken Bodies and Singing Tongues: Gender and Voice in the Cambridge, Corpus Christi College 23 "Psychomachia" [The author argues that the Anglo-Saxon reader of the "Psychomachia" and the "Passio Sancti Romani" (also by Prudentius) was encouraged through text and illustrations to see the self as masculine and the body as feminine. Karkov notes that the Anglo-Saxon "Psychomachia" manuscripts were the first to depict the Virtues and Vices as primarily female, rather than the earlier practice of Virtues as male warriors and the Vices as monsters. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Anglo-Saxon England , 30., ( 2001): Pages 115 - 136.
Year of Publication: 2001.

141. Record Number: 6736
Author(s): Knapp, Peggy A.
Contributor(s):
Title : Unfit to Bear Arms: The Gendering of Arms and Armour in Accounts of Women on Crusade [the author examines various models that were used to indicate the significant ages in men's and women's lives; in the latter half of the article, the author concentrates on medieval Italian child brides, using case studies, prescriptive literature, and legal evidence to argue that consummated marriages with pre-pubescent girls was not uncommon because a woman's period of biologic utility was viewed as brief and fleeting].

Source: Gendering the Crusades. Edited by Susan B. Edgington and Sarah Lambert . University of Wales Press, 2001. Gender and History , 14., 2 (August 2002): Pages 45 - 58.
Year of Publication: 2001.

142. Record Number: 5966
Author(s): Dunn, Diana.
Contributor(s):
Title : Margaret of Anjou, the Warlike Queen: The Making of a Reputation

Source: Gender and Conflict in the Middle Ages. Gender and Medieval Studies Conference, York, January 5-7 2001. . 2001. Gender and History , 14., 2 (August 2002):
Year of Publication: 2001.

143. Record Number: 6676
Author(s): Seaman, Myra.
Contributor(s):
Title : Engendering Genre in Middle English Romance: Performing the Feminine in "Sir Beves of Hamtoun" [the author argues that Josian, the heroine, does not behave according to French romance expectations; she uses the assumptions of other characters concerning standard feminine weaknesses in order to take action and save herself; the narrator rewards Josian for her bold actions and, in a role reversal, devotes portions of the poem to her adventures when she and the hero are separated].

Source: Studies in Philology , 98., 1 (Winter 2001): Pages 49 - 75.
Year of Publication: 2001.

144. Record Number: 7867
Author(s): Hatcher, John.
Contributor(s):
Title : Debate: "Women's Work Reconsidered: Gender and Wage Differentiation in Late Medieval England" [The author responds to Sandy Bardsley's article "Women's Work Reconsidered," "Past and Present," 165 (November 1999): 3-29. He argues that differences in wage rates for men and women in agricultural work was based on some men's greater strength and height. Furthermore he suggests that the weight of custom was less heavy in rural labor markets where women's work was needed and valued. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Past and Present , 173., (November 2001): Pages 191 - 202.
Year of Publication: 2001.

145. Record Number: 6062
Author(s): Clark, Elizabeth A.
Contributor(s):
Title : Women, Gender, and the Study of Christian History [the author provides a broad overview both of recent theory and scholarship with many examples drawn from medieval history; the author considers the differences between women's history and gender history and briefly addresses many specific topics in the history of Christianity including women as patrons, widows, women's agency, periodization, the body, public versus private, and women as heretics].

Source: Church History , 70., 3 (September 2001): Pages 395 - 426.
Year of Publication: 2001.

146. Record Number: 6926
Author(s): Rasmussen, Ann Marie.
Contributor(s):
Title : Fathers to Think Back Through: The Middle High German Mother-Daughter and Father-Son Advice Poems known as "Die Winsbeckin" and "Der Winsbecke" ["In particular, the essay examines the 'enabling' notions of authenticity, authorship, and paternal authority that shaped scholarship on the poems from 1845 to 1985. The trope of a father instructing his son furnished a productive framework for the overwhelmingly male professional caste of nineteenth- and twentieth-century scholars to 'think back through,' I will argue, as they constructed notions of conduct literature that privileged a version of paternal, secular authority and that rested at times on a nostalgic belief that didactic literature was imbued with an authentic connection to lived medieval experience." p. 109].

Source: Medieval Conduct. Edited by Kathleen Ashley and Robert L. A. Clark . Medieval Cultures, Volume 29. University of Minnesota Press, 2001. Church History , 70., 3 (September 2001): Pages 106 - 134.
Year of Publication: 2001.

147. Record Number: 5781
Author(s): van Houts, Elisabeth.
Contributor(s):
Title : Introduction: Medieval Memories [the author provides a brief overview of the themes explored in the book's essays; she considers the ways that gender informed the writing of history and the remembrance of the dead within the contexts of the aristocracy, authority, family, rites for the dead, prophecy of the future, and memory in art].

Source: Medieval Memories: Men, Women, and the Past, 700-1300. Edited by Elisabeth van Houts . Women and Men in History Series. Longman, 2001. Church History , 70., 3 (September 2001): Pages 1 - 16.
Year of Publication: 2001.

148. Record Number: 7868
Author(s): Bardsley, Sandy.
Contributor(s):
Title : Reply [The author replies to John Hatcher's critique ("Debate: 'Women's Work Reconsidered: Gender and Wage Differentiation in Late Medieval England,'" "Past and Present," 173 (November 2001): 191-202) of her article ("Women's Work Reconsidered," "Past and Present," 165 (November 1999): 3-29). She offers three reservations about his argument: 1) Strength is not the only factor for physical labor; Hatcher did not consider stamina; 2) The gap between men's and women's wages persists even in areas that rely less or not at all on physical strength ; 3) Gaps between women's and men's wages vary over time and place. The author concludes by affirming that gender was a factor in determining wages in rural late medieval England. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Past and Present , 173., (November 2001): Pages 199 - 202.
Year of Publication: 2001.

149. Record Number: 6733
Author(s): Rieger, Angelica.
Contributor(s):
Title : Crusading or Spinning [The author argues that the portrayal of women in Crusade texts goes beyond simple representation to symbolic purposes. For example, sometimes authors used female characters to emphasize the masculine nature of the Crusades, and at other times Christian women were contrasted with Muslim women to highlight good behavior. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Gendering the Crusades. Edited by Susan B. Edgington and Sarah Lambert . University of Wales Press, 2001. Past and Present , 173., (November 2001): Pages 1 - 15.
Year of Publication: 2001.

150. Record Number: 11157
Author(s): Anderson, Rachel.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Power of Speech: Gender and Direct Discourse in AElfric's "Lives of Saints"

Source: Old English Newsletter , 34., 3 (Spring 2001): Appendix A: Abstracts of Papers in Anglo-Saxon Studies. Conference paper presented at the Thirty-Sixth International Congress on Medieval Studies, the Medieval Institute, Western Michigan University, May 3-6, 2001, Nineteenth Symposium on the Sources of A
Year of Publication: 2001.

151. Record Number: 6928
Author(s): Clark, Robert L. A.
Contributor(s):
Title : Constructing the Female Subject in Late Medieval Devotion [The author analyzes a number of devotional manuals addressed to laywomen and argues that the practices therein advised (prayer, fasting, etc.) empowered women, giving them choices and some control over their everyday lives. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Medieval Conduct. Edited by Kathleen Ashley and Robert L. A. Clark . Medieval Cultures, Volume 29. University of Minnesota Press, 2001. Old English Newsletter , 34., 3 (Spring 2001): Pages 160 - 182.
Year of Publication: 2001.

152. Record Number: 6720
Author(s): Pinder, Janice M.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Cloister and the Garden: Gendered Images of Religious Life from the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries

Source: Listen, Daughter: The "Speculum virginum" and the Formation of Religious Women in the Middle Ages. Edited by Constant J. Mews . The New Middle Ages Series. Palgrave, 2001. Old English Newsletter , 34., 3 (Spring 2001): Pages 159 - 179.
Year of Publication: 2001.

153. Record Number: 5784
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Men, Women, and Miracles in Normandy, 1050- 1150 [the author argues that the representation of women in Norman miracle reports is surprisingly positive; women's testimony is recorded (when men are unavailable) and their tender care of children is emphasized; the author suggests that the monk-authors of the "miracula" were not misogynists and had contact with women, both in the monastery and in the secular world].

Source: Medieval Memories: Men, Women, and the Past, 700-1300. Edited by Elisabeth van Houts . Women and Men in History Series. Longman, 2001. Old English Newsletter , 34., 3 (Spring 2001): Pages 53 - 71.
Year of Publication: 2001.

154. Record Number: 6735
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Home Front and Battlefield: The Gendering of Papal Crusading Policy (1095-1221) [The author argues that Popes Gregory VIII, Clement III, and, especially, Innocent III brought women into the crusading movement by designating liturgical and fiscal efforts for them on the homefront as well as sanctioning active involvement in Palestine on special occasions. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Gendering the Crusades. Edited by Susan B. Edgington and Sarah Lambert . University of Wales Press, 2001. Old English Newsletter , 34., 3 (Spring 2001): Pages 31 - 44.
Year of Publication: 2001.

155. Record Number: 6734
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Virile Latins, Effeminate Greeks, and Strong Women: Gender Definitions on Crusade? [The author explores a variety of gender models in Crusades literature including Bohemond, Nicephorus Bryennius, Eleanor of Aquitane, Queen Melisende, and women warriors. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Gendering the Crusades. Edited by Susan B. Edgington and Sarah Lambert . University of Wales Press, 2001. Old English Newsletter , 34., 3 (Spring 2001): Pages 16 - 30.
Year of Publication: 2001.

156. Record Number: 8956
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Women and the Circulation of Books [The author argues that patronage has been regarded as the dominant, if not exclusive, means by which people acquired books at the French court. However, there were other ways that women were more likely to have books including inheritance, wedding presents, and New Year's Day gifts. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Journal of the Early Book Society for the Study of Manuscripts and Printing History , 4., ( 2001): Pages 9 - 31. Issue Title: Women and Book Culture in Late Medieval and Early Modern France
Year of Publication: 2001.

157. Record Number: 6749
Author(s): Kirshner, Julius.
Contributor(s):
Title : Women Married Elsewhere: Gender and Citizenship in Italy

Source: Time, Space, and Women's Lives in Early Modern Europe. Edited by Anne Jackson Schutte, Thomas Kuehn, and Silvana Seidel Menchi Sixteenth Century Essays and Studies, 57. Truman State University Press, 2001. Journal of the Early Book Society for the Study of Manuscripts and Printing History , 4., ( 2001): Pages 117 - 149. Marriage, Dowry, and Citizenship in Late Medieval and Renaissance Italy. Edited by Julius Kirshner. University of Toronto Press, 2015. Pages 161-188.
Year of Publication: 2001.

158. Record Number: 11164
Author(s): Kornexl, Lucia.
Contributor(s):
Title : Word Formation, Sex, and Gender in Old English: An Intimate Relationship?

Source: Old English Newsletter , 34., 3 (Spring 2001): Appendix A: Abstracts of Papers in Anglo-Saxon Studies. Conference Paper presented at the Tenth Biennial Meeting of the International Society of Anglo-Saxonists, University of Helsinki, August 6-11, 2001, "Anglo-Saxons and the North
Year of Publication: 2001.

159. Record Number: 5785
Author(s): Nip, Renée.
Contributor(s):
Title : Gendered Memories from Flanders [the author argues that the clergy and monk authors of hagiographies and chronicles reported women's testimony but only as indirect informants whose reliability was proven by their noble status or guaranteed by a clergyman; the texts analyzed by the author include: two versions of the "Life" of the Flemish saint Arnulf of Oudenburg, bishop of Soissons; Herman of Tournai's chronicle, "The Restoration of the Monastery of Saint Martin of Tournai;" Galbert of Bruges's account of the murder of Count Charles the Good of Flanders; Lambert of Ardres's "History of the Counts of Guînes;" and the autobiography of Abbot Guibert of Nogent].

160. Record Number: 8844
Author(s): Stafford, Pauline.
Contributor(s):
Title : Review Article: Parents and Children in the Early Middle Ages [The author considers recent scholarship on parenting and children while discussing the books by Katrien Heene ("The Legacy of Paradise: Marriage, Motherhood, and Women in Carolingian Edifying Literature"), Sally Crawford ("Children in Anglo-Saxon England"), and the translation of Dhuoda's "Handbook" by Marcelle Thiébaux ("Handboook for her Warrior Son"). Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Early Medieval Europe , 10., 2 ( 2001): Pages 257 - 271.
Year of Publication: 2001.

161. Record Number: 6437
Author(s): Dell, Helen.
Contributor(s):
Title : Voices, "Realities," and Narrative Style in the Anonymous "chansons de toile" [The author examines 16 anonymous "chansons de toile" (particularly the nine in the "Chansonnier Français de Saint-Germain-des-Prés") and argues that the male narrating voice allows the female character and her song to be fully realized].

Source: Parergon: Journal of the Australian and New Zealand Association for Medieval and Early Modern Studies, New Series , 18., 2 (January 2001): Pages 17 - 33.
Year of Publication: 2001.

162. Record Number: 6927
Author(s): Dronzek, Anna.
Contributor(s):
Title : Gendered Theories of Education in Fifteenth-Century Conduct Books [The author compares texts written for boys and girls and argues that medieval ideas about gender affected both content and teaching methods. Boys learned visually, could handle abstract ideas, and did not need examples of violence to ensure obedience, while girls learned by listening, could only understand the concrete, and had to be threatened with corporal punishment regularly to preserve their sexual purity and by extension the family's honor. The texts the author analyzes are: For girls: "The Good Wife Taught Her Daughter" "The Good Wyfe Wold a Pylgremage" "The Book of the Knight of the Tower" For boys: "The Babees Book" "Lerne or Be Lewde" "The ABC of Aristotle" "Urbanitatis" "The Lytylle Childrenes Lytil Boke" "The Young Children's Book" "Stans puer ad mensam" "How the Wise Man Taught His Son" "The Boke of Curtasye" "Symon's Lesson of Wysedome for All Maner Chyldryn." Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Medieval Conduct. Edited by Kathleen Ashley and Robert L. A. Clark . Medieval Cultures, Volume 29. University of Minnesota Press, 2001. Parergon: Journal of the Australian and New Zealand Association for Medieval and Early Modern Studies, New Series , 18., 2 (January 2001): Pages 135 - 159.
Year of Publication: 2001.

163. Record Number: 6929
Author(s): Rondeau, Jennifer Fisk.
Contributor(s):
Title : Conducting Gender: Theories and Practices in Italian Confraternity Literature [The author explores both confraternity statutes and "laude," vernacular hymns, for their uses of gender. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

164. Record Number: 5783
Author(s): Skinner, Patricia.
Contributor(s):
Title : Gender and Memory in Medieval Italy [the author provides a brief overview of male and female figures cited in chronicles; she then moves on to consider how the reputation of women rulers could be easily tarnished and concludes with the connections between memory and women in the family and in hagiography].

Source: Medieval Memories: Men, Women, and the Past, 700-1300. Edited by Elisabeth van Houts . Women and Men in History Series. Longman, 2001. Parergon: Journal of the Australian and New Zealand Association for Medieval and Early Modern Studies, New Series , 18., 2 (January 2001): Pages 36 - 52.
Year of Publication: 2001.

165. Record Number: 6925
Author(s): Ashley, Kathleen.
Contributor(s):
Title : The "Miroir des bonnes Femmes": Not for Women Only? ["To read the 'Miroir des bonnes femmes' as relating only to women, therefore, would be to misunderstand its role in the formation of new ideologies during the fourteenth through the sixteenth centuries. The conjunction of female-based rhetoric, familial identities, and the promise of social advancement through proper conduct marks the first stage of a distinctive bourgeois ideology that will be fully articulated and culturally dominant by the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Despite the assumption, perhaps, on the part of conduct book owners that they are justifying a claim to 'noble' rank, it is in bourgeois culture that female honor is made the symbolic basis of a family's social reputation. As they cultivated that reputation and fostered a process of social advancement, fathers as well as their daughters therefore had a vital interest in owning conduct texts addressed to women." p. 102].

166. Record Number: 5968
Author(s): Hinchberger, Lara L.
Contributor(s):
Title : Reading Rebellion: Gendering the Revolt of Liudolf of Swabia in Tenth-Century German Histories

Source: Gender and Conflict in the Middle Ages. Gender and Medieval Studies Conference, York, January 5-7 2001. . 2001. Parergon: Journal of the Australian and New Zealand Association for Medieval and Early Modern Studies, New Series , 18., 2 (January 2001):
Year of Publication: 2001.

167. Record Number: 6432
Author(s): Paterson, Linda.
Contributor(s):
Title : Gender Negotiations in France during the Central Middle Ages: The Literary Evidence [the author argues that vernacular literature is especially valuable for details of daily life and contemporary sensibilities; she considers the themes of marriage, courtly love, gendered identity and violence (including rape) in literature along with the larger trends in French and Occitan society at the time].

Source: The Medieval World. Edited by Peter Linehan and Janet L. Nelson . Routledge, 2001. Parergon: Journal of the Australian and New Zealand Association for Medieval and Early Modern Studies, New Series , 18., 2 (January 2001): Pages 246 - 266.
Year of Publication: 2001.

168. Record Number: 5970
Author(s): Ketskemety, Esther.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Court, the Forest, and the Symbolism of the "chasse" in "The Bear Hunt," a Late Fifteenth Century Burgundian Tapestry Design

169. Record Number: 6666
Author(s): Hilles, Carroll.
Contributor(s):
Title : Gender and Politics in Osbern Bokenham's Legendary [the author argues that Bokenham's works advance the claim of Richard, duke of York, for the throne; not only does Bokenham question Lancastrian political hegemony, in part by denying the authority of the literature patronized by the court, but also "Bokenham strategically deploys 'woman' as signifier of privacy, piety, and humility to develop a language of political dissent which anticipates the tactics of later Yorkist propaganda." (page 209)].

Source: New Medieval Literatures , 4., ( 2001): Pages 189 - 212.
Year of Publication: 2001.

170. Record Number: 10116
Author(s): Wiscombe, Samuel C., Jr.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Female Translator of Old English and Rooting for a Grisly Supper with the Boar

Source: Old English Newsletter , 33., 3 (Spring 2000): Paper presented at the Thirty-Fifth International Congress on Medieval Studies, The Medieval Institute, Western Michigan University, May 4-7, 2000, Session 105: "Old English Editing."
Year of Publication: 2000.

171. Record Number: 10111
Author(s): Drout, Michael D. C.
Contributor(s):
Title : Blood and Deeds: Gender, Inheritance, and Death in "Beowulf"

Source: Old English Newsletter , 33., 3 (Spring 2000): Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Modern Language Association of America, Chicago, December 27-30, 1999, Session 314: "Ways of Reading Old English Texts: Colonialism, Gender, and Identity."
Year of Publication: 2000.

172. Record Number: 5014
Author(s): Finke, Laurie A. and Martin B. Shichtman
Contributor(s):
Title : Magical Mistress Tour: Patronage, Intellectual Property, and the Dissemination of Wealth in the "Lais" of Marie de France

Source: Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society (Full Text via JSTOR) 25, 2 (Winter 2000): 479-503. Link Info
Year of Publication: 2000.

173. Record Number: 4584
Author(s): Lybarger, Loren D.
Contributor(s):
Title : Gender and Prophetic Authority in the Qur'anic Story of Maryam: A Literary Approach

Source: Journal of Religion (Full Text via JSTOR) 80, 2 (April 2000): 240-270. Link Info
Year of Publication: 2000.

174. Record Number: 4610
Author(s): Moore, Stephen D.
Contributor(s):
Title : The "Song of Songs" in the History of Sexuality [The author argues that medieval commentators read the "Song of Songs" as an allegory about the celibate male as the Bride who unites with Christ as the Bridegroom].

Source: Church History , 69., 2 (June 2000): Pages 328 - 349.
Year of Publication: 2000.

175. Record Number: 4878
Author(s): Green, Monica H.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Possibilities of Literacy and the Limits of Reading: Women and the Gendering of Medical Literacy

Source: Women's Healthcare in the Medieval West: Texts and Contexts. Edited by Monica H. Green Variorum Collected Studies Series, 680. Ashgate Publishing, 2000. Church History , 69., 2 (June 2000): Pages 1 - 76.
Year of Publication: 2000.

176. Record Number: 5456
Author(s): Whitehead, Christiania.
Contributor(s):
Title : Introduction--Medieval Spirituality and Gender [the author lays out the approach of the essays in "Writing Religious Women," the spirituality and textual practice of the women under consideration; furthermore she considers collections of essays published in the 1980s and 1990s that deal with medieval women].

Source: Writing Religious Women: Female Spiritual and Textual Practices in Late Medieval England. Edited by Denis Renevey and Christiania Whitehead . University of Toronto Press, 2000. Church History , 69., 2 (June 2000): Pages 6 - 10.
Year of Publication: 2000.

177. Record Number: 5469
Author(s): Hoffman, Valerie J.
Contributor(s):
Title : Muslim Sainthood, Women, and the Legend of Sayyida Nafisa [Sayyida Nafisa (762- 824 A.D.), a descendant of the Prophet, was celebrated for her religious learning but in most respects was the ideal submissive woman- shy, modest, weak, and taken advantage of by her husband; the text about her life (pages 125- 139)

Source: Women Saints in World Religions. Edited by Arvind Sharma . State University of New York Press, 2000. Church History , 69., 2 (June 2000): Pages 107 - 144.
Year of Publication: 2000.

178. Record Number: 5630
Author(s): Scull, Christopher.
Contributor(s):
Title : How the Dead Live: Some Current Approaches to the Mortuary Archaeology of England in the Fifth to Eighth Centuries A.D [This review essay focuses in part on "The Spindle and the Spear. A Critical Enquiry into the Construction and Meaning of Gender in the Early Anglo-Saxon Burial Rite" by Nick Stoodley].

Source: Archaeological Journal , 157., ( 2000): Pages 399 - 406.
Year of Publication: 2000.

179. Record Number: 7823
Author(s): Halloran, Susan.
Contributor(s):
Title : Gender and Identity: Teaching the Middle Ages in a College Survey Class [The author argues that the "otherness" of medieval literature can be overcome for students by concentrating on the themes of gender and identity. She speaks about experiences in her world literature survey class. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Studies in Medieval and Renaissance Teaching: SMART , 8., 1 (Spring 2000): Pages 53 - 59.
Year of Publication: 2000.

180. Record Number: 5462
Author(s): Boklund-Lagopoulou, Karin.
Contributor(s):
Title : Yate of Heven: Conceptions of the Female Body in the Religious Lyrics [The author explores a variety of images including Jesus as nourishing mother, the soul as the bride of Christ, the body as the site of decay and corruption, and the closed, virginal body].

Source: Writing Religious Women: Female Spiritual and Textual Practices in Late Medieval England. Edited by Denis Renevey and Christiania Whitehead . University of Toronto Press, 2000. Studies in Medieval and Renaissance Teaching: SMART , 8., 1 (Spring 2000): Pages 133 - 154.
Year of Publication: 2000.

181. Record Number: 5341
Author(s): Papaioannou, Eustratios N.
Contributor(s):
Title : Michael Psellos' Rhetorical Gender

Source: Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies , 24., ( 2000): Pages 133 - 146.
Year of Publication: 2000.

182. Record Number: 4598
Author(s): Lehfeldt, Elizabeth A.
Contributor(s):
Title : Ruling Sexuality: The Political Legitimacy of Isabel of Castile

Source: Renaissance Quarterly (Full Text via JSTOR) 53, 1 (Spring 2000): 31-56. Link Info
Year of Publication: 2000.

183. Record Number: 4498
Author(s): Gouma-Peterson, Thalia.
Contributor(s):
Title : Gender and Power: Passages to the Maternal in Anna Komnene's "Alexiad"

Source: Full-text of the Alexiad in English (from the Medieval Sourcebook)
Year of Publication: 2000.

184. Record Number: 4542
Author(s): Barolini, Teodolinda.
Contributor(s):
Title : Dante and Francesca da Rimini: Realpolitik, Romance, Gender [The author explores the minimal historical evidence for Francesca da Polenta, wife of Gianciotto Malatesta and lover of his brother, Paolo; in contrast Dante memorializes Francesca with a striking, psychological portrait].

Source: Speculum , 75., 1 (January 2000): Pages 1 - 28.
Year of Publication: 2000.

185. Record Number: 4843
Author(s): Al-Sajdi, Dana.
Contributor(s):
Title : Trespassing the Male Domain: The "Qasidah" of Layla Al-Akhyaliyyah ["Here, she trespasses in the male domain by composing her poetry in a historically and experientially male form, but retains her female poetic voice by manipulating the form in such a way as to empty it of the male experience and re-inscribe it with her own poetic voice." Page 143; the Appendix presents the poem in Arabic].

Source: Journal of Arabic Literature , 31., 2 ( 2000): Pages 121 - 143.
Year of Publication: 2000.

186. Record Number: 5573
Author(s): Green, Monica H.
Contributor(s):
Title : Books as a Source of Medical Education for Women in the Middle Ages

Source: Dynamis: Acta Hispanica ad Medicinae Scientiarumque Historiam Illustrandam , 20., ( 2000): Pages 331 - 369.
Year of Publication: 2000.

187. Record Number: 5497
Author(s): Lifshitz, Felice.
Contributor(s):
Title : Gender and Exemplarity East of the Middle Rhine: Jesus, Mary, and the Saints in Manuscript Context

Source: Early Medieval Europe , 9., 3 ( 2000): Pages 325 - 343.
Year of Publication: 2000.

188. Record Number: 4747
Author(s): Devroey, Jean-Pierre.
Contributor(s):
Title : Men and Women in Early Medieval Serfdom: The Ninth-Century North Frankish Evidence [the author takes issue with Susan Stuard's article "Ancillary Evidence for the Decline of Medieval Slavery" in Past and Present 149 (November 1995): 3-28; he argues that the unfree had obligations to their masters but were not in total subjection; the "ancilla" was more likely to suffer sexual abuse but that "was not determined by the juridical status of the women" page 30].

Source: Past and Present , 166., (February 2000): Pages 3 - 30.
Year of Publication: 2000.

189. Record Number: 4614
Author(s): Park, Katharine.
Contributor(s):
Title : Review Essay: Fallen Bodies: Pollution, Sexuality, and Demonology in the Middle Ages by Dyan Elliott

Source: Church History , 69., 4 (December 2000): Pages 860 - 866.
Year of Publication: 2000.

190. Record Number: 6751
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Pre-Modern Women [in this review essay the author provides a detailed description and critique of the essays in "Women in Renaissance and Early Modern Europe" edited by Christine Meek].

Source: Women's Studies Review , 7., ( 2000): Pages 217 - 225.
Year of Publication: 2000.

191. Record Number: 5041
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Matristics: Female Godlanguage in the Middle Ages [The author examines the work of Hildegard of Bingen, Bridget of Sweden, and Julian of Norwich to reshape the understanding of divinity away from a male-centered deity toward a more holistic image of God].

Source: Revue d'Histoire Ecclésiastique , 95., 3 (juillet-septembre 2000): Pages 343 - 362.
Year of Publication: 2000.

192. Record Number: 4764
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Bodily Peril: Sexuality and the Subversion of Order in Jean de Meun's "Roman de la Rose"

Source: Modern Language Review , 95., 1 (January 2000): Pages 41 - 61.
Year of Publication: 2000.

193. Record Number: 4749
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Gender, Sacrament, and Ritual: The Making and Meaning of Marriage in Late Medieval and Early Modern England

Source: Past and Present , 169., (November 2000): Pages 63 - 96.
Year of Publication: 2000.

194. Record Number: 16583
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Skeletal Sex and Gender in Merovingian Mortuary Archaeology

Source: Antiquity , 74., 285 (September 2000): Pages 632 - 639.
Year of Publication: 2000.

195. Record Number: 5533
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Unnatural Authority: Translating Beyond the Heroic in "The Wife's Lament" [The author argues that translators and editors have been influenced by gender expectations in their reading and editing of the "Wife's Lament"].

Source: Medievalia et Humanistica New Series , 27., ( 2000): Pages 19 - 31. Literacy and the Lay Reader
Year of Publication: 2000.

196. Record Number: 4609
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : The Virile Bride of Bernard of Clairvaux [The author analyzes the figure of the Bride in Bernard's "Sermon on the Song of Songs;" the Bride combines feminine affectivity with the rationality and strength of the masculine].

Source: Church History , 69., 2 (June 2000): Pages 304 - 327.
Year of Publication: 2000.

197. Record Number: 4633
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Historicizing Canonicity: Tradition and the Invisible Talent of Mechthild von Magdeburg

Source: Women in German Yearbook , 15., ( 2000): Pages 49 - 72.
Year of Publication: 2000.

198. Record Number: 9538
Author(s): Phillips, Kim Marie.
Contributor(s):
Title : Where Should We Be Going with Medieval Women and Gender? [In this review essay the author considers the current state of medieval women's history in general and as reflected in two new books (Mavis E. Mate, "Daughters, Wives, and Widows after the Black Death" (Boydell, 1998) and Barbara A. Hanawalt, "Of Good and Ill Repute: Gender and Social Control in Medieval England" (Oxford University Press, 1998)). Phillips finds the books disappointing, arguing that one of the books does not tackle important questions while the other sometimes skips the hard archival research necessary for her topics. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Journal of British Studies , 39., 2 (April 2000): Pages 241 - 247.
Year of Publication: 2000.

199. Record Number: 5557
Author(s): Caciola, Nancy.
Contributor(s):
Title : Mystics, Demoniacs, and the Physiology of Spirit Possession in Medieval Europe

Source: Comparative Studies in Society and History , 42., 2 (April 2000): Pages 268 - 306.
Year of Publication: 2000.

200. Record Number: 4245
Author(s): Farmer, Sharon.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Beggar's Body: Intersections of Gender and Social Status in High Medieval Paris [The author argues that gender must be viewed within a matrix of other factors including social status; she examines the case of lower status men who, in the eyes of the elite, had an association with the body as did women].

Source: Monks and Nuns, Saints and Outcasts: Religion in Medieval Society. Essays in Honor of Lester K. Little. Edited by Sharon Farmer and Barbara H. Rosenwein . Cornell University Press, 2000. Comparative Studies in Society and History , 42., 2 (April 2000): Pages 153 - 171.
Year of Publication: 2000.

201. Record Number: 4883
Author(s): Cornish, Alison.
Contributor(s):
Title : A Lady Asks: The Gender of Vulgarization in Late Medieval Italy

Source: PMLA: Publications of the Modern Language Association of America (Full Text via JSTOR) 115, 2 (March 2000): 166-180. Link Info
Year of Publication: 2000.

202. Record Number: 10126
Author(s): Mullally, Erin.
Contributor(s):
Title : Repossessing Power: Gender in Old English Hagiography

Source: Old English Newsletter , 33., 3 (Spring 2000): Paper presented at the Thirty-Fifth International Congress on Medieval Studies, The Medieval Institute, Western Michigan University, May 4-7, 2000, Session 537: "Old English Poetry III."
Year of Publication: 2000.

203. Record Number: 10127
Author(s): Lindley, Carrie.
Contributor(s):
Title : Wundenlocc and "Hupseax": Gender Expression and Transgression in the Old English "Judith"

Source: Old English Newsletter , 33., 3 (Spring 2000): Paper presented at the Thirty-Fifth International Congress on Medieval Studies, The Medieval Institute, Western Michigan University, May 4-7, 2000, Session 537: "Old English Poetry III."
Year of Publication: 2000.

204. Record Number: 15185
Author(s): Cubitt, Catherine.
Contributor(s):
Title : Virginity and Misogyny in Tenth- and Eleventh-Century England

Source: Gender and History , 12., 1 (April 2000): Pages 1 - 32.
Year of Publication: 2000.

205. Record Number: 4722
Author(s): Dirks, Doris A.
Contributor(s):
Title : I Will Make the Inquisition Burn You and Your Sisters: The Role of Gender and Kinship in Accusations Against "Conversas" [The author examines two cases from Spain and a case from Mexico].

Source: Magistra , 5., 2 (Winter 1999): Pages 29 - 57.
Year of Publication: 1999.

206. Record Number: 5342
Author(s): Walker, Ashley Manjarrez and Michael A. Sells
Contributor(s):
Title : The Wiles of Women and Performative Intertextuality: A'isha, the Hadith of the Slander, and the Sura of Yusuf [the authors argue that A'isha (at least the figure and narrator in the hadith, if not the historical figure) shows a rare political sense as well as a fine theological understanding when she praises Allah alone, not her husband the prophet, for her deliverance from the accusations of slanderers].

Source: Journal of Arabic Literature , 30., ( 1999): Pages 55 - 77.
Year of Publication: 1999.

207. Record Number: 3709
Author(s): Ringrose, Kathryn M.
Contributor(s):
Title : Passing the Test of Sanctity: Denial of Sexuality and Involuntary Castration [the author traces the changing status of eunuchs in the spiritual life; in Late Antiquity, eunuchs had a negative image and could not achieve sanctity but by the ninth to the twelfth century eunuchs could achieve sanctity through denial (other than the flesh) and other forms of selflessness].

Source: Desire and Denial in Byzantium: Papers from the Thirty-First Spring Symposium of Byzantine Studies, University of Sussex, Brighton, March 1997. Edited by Liz James. Society for the Promotion of Byzantine Studies, Publications 6 . Variorum (Ashgate Publishing), 1999. Magistra , 5., 2 (Winter 1999): Pages 123 - 137.
Year of Publication: 1999.

208. Record Number: 4027
Author(s): Edwards, Lilas G.
Contributor(s):
Title : Joan of Arc: Gender and Authority in the Text of the "Trial of Condemnation" [The author analyzes Joan's claims to authority including her relationship to God, her virginity, and the voices she hears; the author also takes into account some of the judges' counts against her including heresy and androgyny].

Source: Young Medieval Women. Edited by Katherine J. Lewis, Noel James Menuge, and Kim M. Phillips . St. Martin's Press, 1999. Magistra , 5., 2 (Winter 1999): Pages 133 - 152.
Year of Publication: 1999.

209. Record Number: 4213
Author(s): Vitz, Evelyn Birge.
Contributor(s):
Title : Gender and Martyrdom [The author argues that gender differences are not decisive in the accounts of martyrs; the author also takes issue with feminist readings, arguing that they cast women in the role of victim].

Source: Medievalia et Humanistica New Series , 26., ( 1999): Pages 79 - 99. Special Issue: Civil Strife and National Identity in the Middle Ages
Year of Publication: 1999.

210. Record Number: 4717
Author(s): Bauer, Elizabeth Jensen.
Contributor(s):
Title : Medieval Women and the Care of the Sick: Some Evidence from Hagiography [the author argues that some qualities that women saints display in the care of the sick according to their "vitae" are different from those in men's lives, namely humility, strength (not only physical strength but an absence of revulsion and nausea before the physical conditions of lepers and other sick people), and penance by identifying with the suffering of others].

Source: Magistra , 5., 1 (Summer 1999): Pages 79 - 96.
Year of Publication: 1999.

211. Record Number: 7364
Author(s): Devroey, Jean-Pierre.
Contributor(s):
Title : Femmes au mirroir des polyptyques: une approche des rapports du couple dans l'exploitation rurale dépendante entre Seine et Rhin au IXe siècle [The author argues that the history of women can only be fully understood when it is considered along with the history of men. Using ninth century polyptiques, the author analyzes women's and men's roles for peasants, serfs, and the unfree. He also suggests reasons for the smaller numbes of women and larger numbers of men in the rural populations. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Femmes et pouvoirs des femmes à Byzance et en Occident (VIe -XIe siècles). Colloque international organisé les 28, 29 et 30 mars 1996 à Bruxelles et Villeneuve d'Ascq. Edited by Stéphane Lebecq, Alain Dierkens, Régine Le Jan, and Jean-Marie Sansterre . Centre de Recherche sur l'Histoire de l'Europe du Nord-Ouest, Université Charles de Gaulle-Lille 3, 1999. Magistra , 5., 1 (Summer 1999): Pages 227 - 249.
Year of Publication: 1999.

212. Record Number: 10652
Author(s): Heene, Katrien.
Contributor(s):
Title : Deliberate Self-Harm and Gender in Medieval Saints' Lives [The author argues that both women and lower status men use self-inflicted harm as a means of atonement, self-discipline, and devotion to Christ. However, in cases where women sought to avoid marriage, self-mutilation could play a special role. Also in some cases, self-harm served as a didactic example, allowing women the unusual opportunity to act as teachers and preachers. Title note supplied by Feminae.]

Source: Hagiographica: Rivista di agiografia e biografia della società internazionale per lo studio del Medioevo Latino/ Journal of Hagiography and Biography of Società Internazionale per lo studio del Medioevo Latino , 6., ( 1999): Pages 213 - 231.
Year of Publication: 1999.

213. Record Number: 3931
Author(s): Calabrese, Michael.
Contributor(s):
Title : History Through the Lens of Gender [The author analyzes four recent books which make gender a category of historical analysis including "Gender and Heresy: Women and Men in Lollard Communities, 1420-1530" by Shannon McSheffrey].

Source: Journal of Women's History (Full Text via Project Muse) 11, 1 (Spring 1999): 193-202. Link Info
Year of Publication: 1999.

214. Record Number: 3743
Author(s): Martinez-Gros, Gabriel.
Contributor(s):
Title : Frustrated Masculinity: The Relationship Between William the Conqueror and His Eldest Son [The author suggests that William tried to prolong Robert's youth; Robert had difficulties attaining adult masculinity because he lacked three important things: an access to power, an independent household, and public recognition as a fully gendered male]

Source: Masculinity in Medieval Europe. Edited by D.M. Hadley . Women and Men in History Series. Addison Wesley Longman, 1999. Pages 39 - 55.
Year of Publication: 1999.

215. Record Number: 9053
Author(s): Kelly, Joan.
Contributor(s):
Title : Did Women Have a Renaissance? [This is an influential article from the 1970s that still bears up under a close reading. Kelly makes a very convincing argument that Renaissance women lost opportunities and were defined more narrowly than women in earlier generations. She argues that new social relations in the state paralleled a new relation between the sexes, with the public sphere reserved for men only and women dependent on their husbands alone. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Feminism and Renaissance Studies. Edited by Lorna Hutson . Oxford Reading in Feminism series. Oxford University Press, 1999. Pages 21 - 47. Originally published in Women, History & Theory: The Essays of Joan Kelly. By Joan Kelly. University of Chicago press, 1984. Pages 19-50. Originally published in "Becoming Visible: Women in European History." Edited by Renate Bridenthal and Claudia Koonz.
Year of Publication: 1999.

216. Record Number: 6321
Author(s): Schausten, Monika.
Contributor(s):
Title : Der Körper des Helden und das "Leben" der Königen: Geschlechter- und Machtkonstellationen im "Nibelungenlied"

Source: Zeitschrift für deutsche Philologie , 118., 1 ( 1999): Pages 27 - 49.
Year of Publication: 1999.

217. Record Number: 4312
Author(s): Gibson, Gail McMurray
Contributor(s):
Title : Scene and Obscene: Seeing and Performing Late Medieval Childbirth

Source: Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies , 29., 1 (Winter 1999): Pages 7 - 24.
Year of Publication: 1999.

218. Record Number: 5572
Author(s): Green, Monica H.
Contributor(s):
Title : In Search of an "Authentic" Women's Medicine: The Strange Fates of Trota of Salerno and Hildegard of Bingen

Source: Dynamis: Acta Hispanica ad Medicinae Scientiarumque Historiam Illustrandam , 19., ( 1999): Pages 25 - 54.
Year of Publication: 1999.

219. Record Number: 4002
Author(s): Bardsley, Sandy.
Contributor(s):
Title : Women's Work Reconsidered: Gender and Wage Differentiation in Late Medieval England [the author argues that women peasants were paid at the same rate as other members of the "second rate" work force, namely boys, old men, and the infirm; the author finds no difference in women's wages after the Black Death, they still received around 70% of adult men's wages.]

Source: Past and Present (Full Text via JSTOR) 165 (November 1999): 3-29. Link Info
Year of Publication: 1999.

220. Record Number: 4303
Author(s): Darrup, Cathy C.
Contributor(s):
Title : Gender, Skin Color, and the Power of Place in the Medieval Dutch "Romance of Moriaen" [The author analyzes the story of Moriaen, a Black Moorish knight in the Dutch "Lancelot;" Blackness is not diluted but its exotic qualities are minimized].

Source: Medieval Feminist Newsletter , 27., (Spring 1999): Pages 15 - 24.
Year of Publication: 1999.

221. Record Number: 3648
Author(s): McNamara, Jo Ann.
Contributor(s):
Title : An Unresolved Syllogism: The Search For a Christian Gender System [The author traces the changing values of the sexes from late Rome to the Ninth Century demonstrating how gender theories enhanced and then diminished women's moral position in relation to that of men].

Source: Conflicted Identities and Multiple Masculinities: Men in the Medieval West. Edited by Jacqueline Murray . Garland Medieval Casebooks, volume 25. Garland Reference Library of the Humanities, volume 2078. Garland Publishing, 1999. Medieval Feminist Newsletter , 27., (Spring 1999): Pages 1 - 24.
Year of Publication: 1999.

222. Record Number: 3962
Author(s): Clark, Robert. L. A.
Contributor(s):
Title : Queering "Orientalism": The East as Closet in Said, Ackerley, and the Medieval Christian West [The author briefly analyzes a play, "Miracle la fille d'un Roy," based on "Yde et Olive," in which the main character Ysabel assumes a masculine identity and ends up married to the princess of Byzantium before her gender is revealed].

Source: Medieval Encounters: Jewish, Christian, and Muslim Culture in Confluence and Dialogue , 5., 3 ( 1999): Pages 336 - 349.
Year of Publication: 1999.

223. Record Number: 4273
Author(s): Chewning, Susannah Mary.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Paradox of Virginity within the Anchoritic Tradition: The Masculine Gaze and the Feminine Body in the "Wohunge" Group

Source: Constructions of Widowhood and Virginity in the Middle Ages. Edited by Cindy L. Carlson and Angela Jane Weisl . St. Martin's Press, 1999. Medieval Encounters: Jewish, Christian, and Muslim Culture in Confluence and Dialogue , 5., 3 ( 1999): Pages 113 - 134.
Year of Publication: 1999.

224. Record Number: 4488
Author(s): Suydam, Mary.
Contributor(s):
Title : Ever in Unrest: Translating Hadewijch of Antwerp's "Mengeldichten" [The author uses feminist and post-structuralist ideas to examine the manuscript tradition and questions about Hadewijch as an historical person or as a group of Beguine authors; the author looks at two cases, Hadewijch's use of gendered pronouns and plur

Source: Women's Studies , 28., 2 (March 1999): Pages 157 - 184.
Year of Publication: 1999.

225. Record Number: 4388
Author(s): Lacey, Antonia.
Contributor(s):
Title : Gendered Language and the Mystic Voice: Reading from Luce Irigaray to Catherine of Siena [The author applies the symbolic and semiotic language theories of Irigaray to the writings of Catherine of Siena; the author argues that Catherine found her authority in a self-affirming relationship with Christ].

Source: New Trends in Feminine Spirituality: The Holy Women of Liège and Their Impact. Edited by Juliette Dor, Lesley Johnson, and Jocelyn Wogan-Browne Medieval Women: Texts and Contexts, 2. Brepols, 1999. Women's Studies , 28., 2 (March 1999): Pages 329 - 342.
Year of Publication: 1999.

226. Record Number: 4367
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Gender and Authority in the Medieval French Lai [The author argues that Marie de France is a fantasy figure; the author of the lais is "layered and plural, male and female..."].

Source: Forum for Modern Language Studies , 35., 1 ( 1999): Pages 42 - 56.
Year of Publication: 1999.

227. Record Number: 4905
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Theodelinda, "Most Glorious Queen": Gender and Power in Lombard Italy

Source: Medieval History Journal , 2., 2 (July-December 1999): Pages 183 - 207.
Year of Publication: 1999.

228. Record Number: 3652
Author(s): Bullough, Vern L. and Gwen Whitehead Brewer
Contributor(s):
Title : Medieval Masculinities and Modern Interpretations: The Problem of the Pardoner

Source: Conflicted Identities and Multiple Masculinities: Men in the Medieval West. Edited by Jacqueline Murray . Garland Medieval Casebooks, volume 25. Garland Reference Library of the Humanities, volume 2078. Garland Publishing, 1999. Archaeological Journal , 157., ( 2000): Pages 93 - 110.
Year of Publication: 1999.

229. Record Number: 4385
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Speaking "In Propria Persona": Authorizing the Subject as a Political Act in Late Medieval Feminine Spirituality [The author examines the writings of Marguerite Porete, Christine de Pizan, and Margery Kempe to see how they speak in their own voice; when they encounter resistance, they reappropriate it and feminize it].

Source: New Trends in Feminine Spirituality: The Holy Women of Liège and Their Impact. Edited by Juliette Dor, Lesley Johnson, and Jocelyn Wogan-Browne Medieval Women: Texts and Contexts, 2. Brepols, 1999. Medieval History Journal , 2., 2 (July-December 1999): Pages 269 - 294.
Year of Publication: 1999.

230. Record Number: 4276
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Blood and Rosaries: Virginity, Violence, and Desire in Chaucer's "Prioress's Tale"

Source: Constructions of Widowhood and Virginity in the Middle Ages. Edited by Cindy L. Carlson and Angela Jane Weisl . St. Martin's Press, 1999. Medieval History Journal , 2., 2 (July-December 1999): Pages 181 - 198.
Year of Publication: 1999.

231. Record Number: 5030
Author(s): Clifton, James,
Contributor(s):
Title : Gender and Shame in Masaccio's "Expulsion from the Garden of Eden" ["Here both gestures - Eve in covering her erogenous zones, Adam in leaving his exposed and in covering only his face - suggest that, in conformity with Italian mores, it is only the woman's sexuality that is at issue and that the sin associated with her sexuality dishonours the man. Adam's exposure does not dishonour him; rather it serves to draw the insistent distinction between men and women, fundamental to the honour-shame paradigm, which is manifested most recognizably in anatomy." (Page 650)].

Source: Art History , 22., 5 (December 1999): Pages 637 - 655.
Year of Publication: 1999.

232. Record Number: 4410
Author(s): Lacarra Lanz, Eukene.
Contributor(s):
Title : Political Discourse and the Construction and Representation of Gender in "Mocedades de Rodrigo" [The author concludes "The construction of masculinity, as it apears in 'MR,' is predicated on the marginalization of women, who are viewed exclusively as commodities circulating among men." (page 487)].

Source: Hispanic Review , 67., ( 1999): Pages 467 - 491.
Year of Publication: 1999.

233. Record Number: 4906
Author(s): Slanicka, Simona.
Contributor(s):
Title : Male Markings: Unifoms in the Parisian Civil War as a Blurring of the Gender Order (A. D. 1410- 1420)

Source: Medieval History Journal , 2., 2 (July-December 1999): Pages 209 - 244.
Year of Publication: 1999.

234. Record Number: 3750
Author(s): Swanson, R. N.
Contributor(s):
Title : Angels Incarnate: Clergy and Masculinity From Gregorian Reform to Reformation

Source: Masculinity in Medieval Europe. Edited by D.M. Hadley . Women and Men in History Series. Addison Wesley Longman, 1999. Medieval History Journal , 2., 2 (July-December 1999): Pages 160 - 177.
Year of Publication: 1999.

235. Record Number: 3935
Author(s): Freccero, Carla.
Contributor(s):
Title : Acts, Identities, and Sexuality's (Pre) Modern Regimes [The author responds to "Prostitution and the Question of Sexual Identity in Medieval Europe" by Ruth Mazo Karras].

Source: Journal of Women's History (Full Text via Project Muse) 11, 2 (Summer 1999): 186-192. Link Info
Year of Publication: 1999.

236. Record Number: 4272
Author(s): Salih, Sarah.
Contributor(s):
Title : Performing Virginity: Sex and Violence in the "Katherine" Group

Source: Constructions of Widowhood and Virginity in the Middle Ages. Edited by Cindy L. Carlson and Angela Jane Weisl . St. Martin's Press, 1999. Pages 95 - 112.
Year of Publication: 1999.

237. Record Number: 3930
Author(s): Scheil, Andrew P.
Contributor(s):
Title : Somatic Ambiguity and Masculine Desire in the Old English Life of Euphrosyne [Euphrosyne lives as a eunuch in a monastery ; the text brings out the erotic aspects of homosociality among the monks].

Source: Exemplaria: A Journal of Theory in Medieval and Renaissance Studies , 11., 2 (Spring 1999): Pages 345 - 361.
Year of Publication: 1999.

238. Record Number: 3751
Author(s): Cullum, P. H.
Contributor(s):
Title : Clergy, Masculinity, and Transgression in Late Medieval England [The author argues that some clergy were insecure about their masculine identity and used fornication and fighting to reassure themselves].

Source: Masculinity in Medieval Europe. Edited by D.M. Hadley . Women and Men in History Series. Addison Wesley Longman, 1999. Exemplaria: A Journal of Theory in Medieval and Renaissance Studies , 11., 2 (Spring 1999): Pages 178 - 196.
Year of Publication: 1999.

239. Record Number: 4000
Author(s): Stafford, Pauline.
Contributor(s):
Title : Queens, Nunneries, and Reforming Churchmen: Gender, Religious Status, and Reform in Tenth- and Eleventh-Century England

Source: Past and Present (Full Text via JSTOR) 163 (May 1999): 3-35. Link Info. Reprinted in Gender, Family and the Legitimation of Power: England from the Ninth to Early Twelfth Century. By Pauline Stafford. Ashgate Variorum, 2006. Article XI.
Year of Publication: 1999.

240. Record Number: 4313
Author(s): Coletti, Theresa.
Contributor(s):
Title : Genealogy, Sexuality, and Sacred Power: The Saint Anne Dedication of the Digby "Candlemas Day and the Killing of the Children of Israel"

Source: Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies , 29., 1 (Winter 1999): Pages 25 - 59.
Year of Publication: 1999.

241. Record Number: 3741
Author(s): Hadley, D. M.
Contributor(s):
Title : Introduction: Medieval Masculinities

Source: Masculinity in Medieval Europe. Edited by D.M. Hadley . Women and Men in History Series. Addison Wesley Longman, 1999. Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies , 29., 1 (Winter 1999): Pages 1 - 18.
Year of Publication: 1999.

242. Record Number: 4327
Author(s): Skinner, Patricia.
Contributor(s):
Title : And Her Name Was...? Gender and Naming in Medieval Southern Italy

Source: Medieval Prosopography , 20., ( 1999): Pages 23 - 49.
Year of Publication: 1999.

243. Record Number: 5354
Author(s): Papaioannou, Eustratios N.
Contributor(s):
Title : Feminine "Physis" in Michael Psellos's Literary Work

Source: Byzantine Studies Conference. Abstracts of Papers , 25., ( 1999): Pages 103
Year of Publication: 1999.

244. Record Number: 5047
Author(s): McAvoy, Liz Herbert.
Contributor(s):
Title : Spiritual Virgin to Virgin Mother: The Confessions of Margery Kempe [The author argues that Margery's struggle to relinquish her sexuality and motherhood paradoxically gives her models for framing her spirituality].

Source: Parergon: Journal of the Australian and New Zealand Association for Medieval and Early Modern Studies, New Series , 17., 1 (July 1999): Pages 9 - 44.
Year of Publication: 1999.

245. Record Number: 4753
Author(s): Kemp, Theresa D.
Contributor(s):
Title : The "Lingua Materna" and the Conflict Over Vernacular Religious Discourse in Fifteenth-Century England [the author examines varied clerical writings that react to or make use of the vernacular; each text "depicts the struggle over who should have access to religious discourse as a gendered contest between a potentially transgressive vernacular, feminized as the 'Lingua Materna,' or 'the mother tongue,' and the authoritative Latin of the male-dominated Church"; clerics who used the vernacular to teach the laity had to distinguish between good uses that they masculinized and bad uses, such as demystifying theology, which they saw as a feminization].

Source: Philological Quarterly , 78., 3 (Summer 1999): Pages 233 - 257.
Year of Publication: 1999.

246. Record Number: 3742
Author(s): Hadley, D. M. and J. M. Moore
Contributor(s):
Title : Death Makes the Man?: Burial Rite and the Construction of Maculinities in the Early Middle Ages

Source: Masculinity in Medieval Europe. Edited by D.M. Hadley . Women and Men in History Series. Addison Wesley Longman, 1999. Archaeological Journal , 157., ( 2000): Pages 21 - 38.
Year of Publication: 1999.

247. Record Number: 5043
Author(s): Pulsiano, Phillip.
Contributor(s):
Title : Blessed Bodies: The "Vitae" of Anglo-Saxon Female Saints ["More specifically, I am interested in reading these "vitae" as gendered texts, wherein are inscribed perceptions of the female religious that mark the narratives as requiring from reader and compositor alike the appropriation and also construction of sets of conventions different from those of male "vitae" and centered, most prominently, on chastity and, by implication, on the woman's body as source of sanctity and power but also as the locus of sexuality and violence, whether in the form of enforced marriage, attempted rape, psychological persecution, physical torture, murder, or self-mutilation." (Pages 11-12)].

Source: Parergon: Journal of the Australian and New Zealand Association for Medieval and Early Modern Studies, New Series , 16., 2 (January 1999): Pages 1 - 42.
Year of Publication: 1999.

248. Record Number: 3545
Author(s): Mooney, Catherine M.
Contributor(s):
Title : Voice, Gender, and the Portrayal of Sanctity briefly explores common patterns and themes in the lives and writings by and about holy women; themes include the ways that women speak about themselves in contrast to the ways male associates represent them, differing uses of bridal imagery, different emphases on bodily descriptions, differences in women's active roles, and the prototypes and exempla put forward for women's imitation].

Source: Gendered Voices: Medieval Saints and Their Interpreters. Edited by Catherine M. Mooney . University of Pennsylvania Press, 1999. Parergon: Journal of the Australian and New Zealand Association for Medieval and Early Modern Studies, New Series , 16., 2 (January 1999): Pages 1 - 15.
Year of Publication: 1999.

249. Record Number: 4314
Author(s): Overing, Gillian R.
Contributor(s):
Title : A Body in Question: Aging, Community and Gender in Medieval Iceland [The author argues that old women were stereotyped as nasty gossips or agents of evil unless there were mitigating factors of wealth, status, or class].

Source: Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies , 29., 2 (Spring 1999): Pages 211 - 225.
Year of Publication: 1999.

250. Record Number: 3229
Author(s): Gertz, Sun Hee Kim and Paul S. Ropp
Contributor(s):
Title : Literary Women, Fiction, and Marginalization. Nicolette and Shuangqing [The authors argue that both characters are agents of transformation who turn from polar oppositions to a fuller, more creative vision].

Source: Comparative Literature Studies , 35., 3 ( 1998): Pages 219 - 254.
Year of Publication: 1998.

251. Record Number: 4400
Author(s): Murray, Jacqueline.
Contributor(s):
Title : Gendered Souls in Sexed Bodies: The Male Construction of Female Sexuality in Some Medieval Confessors' Manuals [The author analyzes some fifteen confessors' manuals from the 13th century; she finds that they limit discussion of women to their sexual functions, emphasizing their sexual passivity and their danger to men as sexual temptations].

Source: Handling Sin: Confession in the Middle Ages. Edited by Peter Biller and A.J. Minnis York Studies in Medieval Theology . York Medieval Press, 1998. Exemplaria: A Journal of Theory in Medieval and Renaissance Studies , 10., 1 (Spring 1998): Pages 79 - 93.
Year of Publication: 1998.

252. Record Number: 4620
Author(s): Bynum, Caroline Walker.
Contributor(s):
Title : Men's Use of Female Symbols [the author argues that pardoxically men, powerful and clerical, needed to become weak and human as "spiritual" women for salvation; the author concludes in part: "Whatever explanation one proposes, it is clear that women's way of using and living symbols was different from men's. The differences lay not merely in what symbols were chosen but also in how symbols related to self. Where men stressed male/ female contrasts and used imagery of reversal to express their dependence on God, women expressed their dependence on God in imagery at least partly drawn from their own gender and avoided symbolic reversals." (Pages 288-289)].

Source: Debating the Middle Ages: Issues and Readings. Edited by Lester K. Little and Barbara H. Rosenwein . Blackwell Publishers, 1998. Exemplaria: A Journal of Theory in Medieval and Renaissance Studies , 10., 1 (Spring 1998): Pages 277 - 289. Originally published in Caroline Walker Bynum, Holy Feast and Holy Fast: The Religious Significance of Food to Medieval Women. University of California Press, 1987. Pages 282-294.
Year of Publication: 1998.

253. Record Number: 4745
Author(s): Vinson, Martha P.
Contributor(s):
Title : Gender and Politics in the Post-Iconoclastic Period: The "Lives" of Anthony the Younger, the Empress Theodora, and the Patriarch Ignatios [the author argues that the "Life with Encomium of the Blessed and Holy Empress Theodora" and the "Life and Conduct of Saint Anthony the Younger" were written together to counter the iconoclast resentments, embodied in the aggressively masculine writings of Photios, against an iconophile government headed by a woman and surrounded by eunuch advisors; the author of the "Vita" of Saint Anthony uses an Aristotelian form of argumentation for the relative, placing the saint in the middle between lust and impotence, wanton aggression and effeminate cowardice, and other bi-polar extremes of gender stereotypes; the end result was a secularization of the ideas of sanctity and a reliance upon sex roles to characterize the saint].

Source: Byzantion , 68., 2 ( 1998): Pages 469 - 515.
Year of Publication: 1998.

254. Record Number: 5588
Author(s): Weston, L. M. C.
Contributor(s):
Title : Gender Without Sexuality: Hrotsvitha's Imagining of a Chaste Female Community

Source: The community, the family, and the saint: patterns of power in early medieval Europe: selected proceedings of the International Medieval Congress, University of Leeds, 4-7 July 1994, 10-13 July 1995. Edited by Joyce Hill and Mary Swan International Medieval Research . Brepols, 1998. Byzantion , 68., 2 ( 1998): Pages 127 - 142.
Year of Publication: 1998.

255. Record Number: 5658
Author(s): Cilento, Adele.
Contributor(s):
Title : Medioevo delle donne: Le conquiste della storiografica femminista [Feminism has questioned suppositions about the Middle Ages once accepted without question; moreover, feminist studies encompass the roles of women, gender issues, and sexual identities; surviving accusations of following a narrow, predetermined agenda, feminist studies have unearthed new evidence and found new meaning in well-known sources; studies of prominent women now are less important and more attention is given to such representative individuals and groups as nuns, lay women, and prostitutes].

Source: Quaderni medievali , 45., (giugno 1998): Pages 130 - 144.
Year of Publication: 1998.

256. Record Number: 5957
Author(s): Jacobus, Laura
Contributor(s):
Title : Piety and Propriety in the Arena Chapel [the author argues that the "Early Life of the Virgin" frescoes in the Arena Chapel were intended in part to convey models of behavior to the wife, mother, and daughter of Enrico Scrovegni, the patron; using devotional works and secular conduct literature the author argues that the ideals for upper class women's behavior (modesty, chastity, courtliness, humility, charity, and attention to their husbands and families) were linked to piety and represented by Giotto in the images of the Virgin and other holy women].

Source: Renaissance studies : journal of the Society for Renaissance Studies , 12., 2 (June 1998): Pages 177 - 205.
Year of Publication: 1998.

257. Record Number: 6320
Author(s): Bauschke, Ricarda.
Contributor(s):
Title : Wîpliche man, manlîchu wîp: Zur Konstruktion der Kategorien Körper und Geschlecht in der deutschen Literatur des Mittelalters Internationales Kolloquium der Oswald von Wolkenstein-Gesellschaft und der Gerhard-Mercator-Universität Duisburg, 8.- 10. Oktober 1997 in Xanten.

Source: Zeitschrift für deutsche Philologie , 117., ( 1998): Pages 416 - 420.
Year of Publication: 1998.

258. Record Number: 2973
Author(s): Kuehn, Thomas.
Contributor(s):
Title : Person and Gender in the Laws [briefly analyzes women and inheritance and women and legal transactions including the guardianship of children, financial liabilities, the management of dowries, and the office of mundualdus which gave a woman consent for a particular action].

Source: Gender and Society in Renaissance Italy. Edited by Judith C. Brown and Robert C. Davis . Longman, 1998. Zeitschrift für deutsche Philologie , 117., ( 1998): Pages 87 - 106.
Year of Publication: 1998.

259. Record Number: 3504
Author(s): McSheffrey, Shannon.
Contributor(s):
Title : I Will Never Have None Ayenst My Faders Will: Consent and the Making of Marriage in the Late Medieval Diocese of London [depositions given before the diocese of London's consistory and commissary courts 1467-1476 and 1489-1497, give evidence of women's need for the permission of their families, employers, and friends in order to contract a marriage].

Source: Women, Marriage, and Family in Medieval Christendom: Essays in Memory of Michael M. Sheehan, C.S.B. Edited by Constance M. Rousseau and Joel T. Rosenthal . Western Michigan University, 1998. Zeitschrift für deutsche Philologie , 117., ( 1998): Pages 153 - 174.
Year of Publication: 1998.

260. Record Number: 5436
Author(s): Galloway, Andrew.
Contributor(s):
Title : Intellectual Pregnancy, Metaphysical Femininity, and the Social Doctrine of the Trinity in "Piers Plowman"

Source: Yearbook of Langland Studies , 12., ( 1998): Pages 117 - 152.
Year of Publication: 1998.

261. Record Number: 2971
Author(s): Strocchia, Sharon T.
Contributor(s):
Title : Gender and the Rites of Honour in Italian Renaissance Cities [ritual activity examined includes marriages, confraternities, mock battles and insults].

Source: Gender and Society in Renaissance Italy. Edited by Judith C. Brown and Robert C. Davis . Longman, 1998. Yearbook of Langland Studies , 12., ( 1998): Pages 39 - 60.
Year of Publication: 1998.

262. Record Number: 4475
Author(s): Krueger, Roberta.
Contributor(s):
Title : Christine's Anxious Lessons: Gender, Morality, and the Social Order from the "Enseignemens" to the "Avision" [The author maintains that Christine's didactic works from 1399 to 1405 argue for the importance of female virtue].

Source: Christine de Pizan and the Categories of Difference. Edited by Marilynn Desmond . University of Minnesota Press, 1998. Yearbook of Langland Studies , 12., ( 1998): Pages 16 - 40.
Year of Publication: 1998.

263. Record Number: 2975
Author(s): Park, Katharine.
Contributor(s):
Title : Medicine and Magic: The Healing Arts [discusses a range of services from licensed doctors, informal healers, and priests].

Source: Gender and Society in Renaissance Italy. Edited by Judith C. Brown and Robert C. Davis . Longman, 1998. Yearbook of Langland Studies , 12., ( 1998): Pages 129 - 149.
Year of Publication: 1998.

264. Record Number: 3138
Author(s): Coates, Simon.
Contributor(s):
Title : Regendering Radegund? Fortunatus, Baudonivia, and the Problem of Female Sanctity in Merovingian Gaul [The author argues against drawing strict lines based on gender stereotypes; Fortunatus and Baudonivia emphasized a religious ideal based upon the rejection of sexuality].

Source: Gender and Christian religion: papers read at the 1996 Summer Meeting and the 1997 Winter Meeting of the Ecclesiastical History Society. Edited by R. N. Swanson Studies in Church History, 34. 1998. Yearbook of Langland Studies , 12., ( 1998): Pages 37 - 50.
Year of Publication: 1998.

265. Record Number: 4322
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Two "Sisters in Wisdom": Hildegard of Bingen, Christina Rossetti, and Feminist Theology

Source: Hildegard of Bingen: A book of Essays. Edited by Maud Burnett McInerney . Garland Publishing, 1998. Yearbook of Langland Studies , 12., ( 1998): Pages 227 - 253.
Year of Publication: 1998.

266. Record Number: 2970
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : The Geography of Gender in the Renaissance

Source: Gender and Society in Renaissance Italy. Edited by Judith C. Brown and Robert C. Davis . Longman, 1998. Yearbook of Langland Studies , 12., ( 1998): Pages 19 - 38.
Year of Publication: 1998.

267. Record Number: 3634
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Me atrevo a escribir así: Confessional Politics in the Letters of Isabel I and Hernando de Talavera [The author argues that Isabel wrote exaggeratedly humble letters to her confessor in order to resist his rigid rules for women's behavior].

Source: Women at Work in Spain: From the Middle Ages to Early Modern Times. Edited by Marilyn Stone and Carmen Benito-Vessels . Peter Lang, 1998. Yearbook of Langland Studies , 12., ( 1998): Pages 147 - 173.
Year of Publication: 1998.

268. Record Number: 3142
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Gender Difference and Indifference in the Writings of Pope Innocent III

269. Record Number: 5346
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Heo Man Ne Waes: Cross-Dressing, Sex-Change, and Womanhood in Aelfric's Life of Eugenia [The author compares Alefric's version with the "Vitae patrum" text, arguing that Aelfric emphasizes the renunciation of the material world while virginity is not his primary concern].

Source: Mediaevalia , 22., 1 ( 1998): Pages 113 - 131. Published by the Center for Medieval and Early Renaissance Studies, State University of New York at Binghamton
Year of Publication: 1998.

270. Record Number: 6645
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Aldhelm's De virginitate - Patristic Pastiche or Innovative Exposition?

Source: Peritia: Journal of the Medieval Academy of Ireland , 12., ( 1998): Pages 271 - 295.
Year of Publication: 1998.

271. Record Number: 3565
Author(s): French, Katherine L.
Contributor(s):
Title : I Leave My Best Gown as a Vestment: Women's Spiritual Interests in the Late Medieval English Parish [The author points out that women often were at pains to suggest how their houshold goods could be adapted to ecclesiastical usage; in this way they were able to express their pious concerns despite social, economic, and legal limitations].

Source: Magistra , 4., 1 (Summer 1998): Pages 57 - 77.
Year of Publication: 1998.

272. Record Number: 3197
Author(s): French, Katherine L.
Contributor(s):
Title : Maidens' Lights and Wives' Stores: Women's Parish Guilds in Late Medieval England

Source: Sixteenth Century Journal: The Journal of Early Modern Studies (Full Text via JSTOR) 29, 2 (Summer 1998): 399-425. Link Info
Year of Publication: 1998.

273. Record Number: 2976
Author(s): Rocke, Michael.
Contributor(s):
Title : Gender and Sexual Culture in Renaissance Italy [among other subjects the author discusses male homosexuality, illicit sex including with prostitutes, and conjugal relations].

Source: Gender and Society in Renaissance Italy. Edited by Judith C. Brown and Robert C. Davis . Longman, 1998. Pages 150 - 170. Reprinted in The Italian Renaissance. Edited by Paula Findlen. Blackwell Publishing, 2002. Pages 192-211
Year of Publication: 1998.

274. Record Number: 2977
Author(s): Bornstein, Daniel.
Contributor(s):
Title : Spiritual Kinship and Domestic Devotions [analyzes Dominican writings, including those by Giovanni Dominici, that emphasized spirituality in patrician households and sought to minimize nuns' ties with their families].

Source: Gender and Society in Renaissance Italy. Edited by Judith C. Brown and Robert C. Davis . Longman, 1998. Pages 173 - 192.
Year of Publication: 1998.

275. Record Number: 2955
Author(s): Schnell, Rüdiger.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Discourse on Marriage in the Middle Ages [based on marriage sermons which offer pragmatic advice and emphasize mutuality over the authority of husbands].

Source: Speculum , 73., 3 (July 1998): Pages 771 - 786.
Year of Publication: 1998.

276. Record Number: 2999
Author(s): Farmer, Sharon.
Contributor(s):
Title : Down and Out and Female in Thirteenth-Century Paris

Source: American Historical Review (Full Text via JSTOR) 103, 2 (April 1998): 344-372. Link Info
Year of Publication: 1998.

277. Record Number: 5434
Author(s): Paxson, James J.
Contributor(s):
Title : Gender Personified, Personification Gendered, and the Body Figuralized in "Piers Plowman" [The author first considers the tradition of personifications embodied as females and then argues that the gender of Meed and Anima are key feature in Langland's allegory].

Source: Yearbook of Langland Studies , 12., ( 1998): Pages 65 - 96.
Year of Publication: 1998.

278. Record Number: 3046
Author(s): Airlie, Stuart.
Contributor(s):
Title : Private Bodies and the Body Politic in the Divorce Case of Lothar II [Lothar II tried over the course of more than fifteen years to rid himself of his wife Theutberga in order to marry his concubine Waldrada].

Source: Past and Present , 161., (November 1998): Pages 3 - 38.
Year of Publication: 1998.

279. Record Number: 3430
Author(s): Kittell, Ellen E.
Contributor(s):
Title : Women, Audience, and Public Acts in Medieval Flanders

Source: Journal of Women's History , 10., 3 (Autumn 1998): Pages 74 - 96.
Year of Publication: 1998.

280. Record Number: 3140
Author(s): Leyser, Conrad.
Contributor(s):
Title : Custom, Truth, and Gender in Eleventh-Century Reform [argues that Gregory VII and his reformers used a rhetoric of sexual pollution and womanly influence against their clerical contemporaries.]

Source: Gender and Christian religion: papers read at the 1996 Summer Meeting and the 1997 Winter Meeting of the Ecclesiastical History Society. Edited by R. N. Swanson Studies in Church History, 34. 1998. Journal of Women's History , 10., 3 (Autumn 1998): Pages 75 - 91.
Year of Publication: 1998.

281. Record Number: 5020
Author(s): Trigg, Stephanie.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Traffic in Medieval Women: Alice Perrers, Feminist Criticism, and "Piers Plowman" [The author warns against affirming the gender system of Western patriarchy while analyzing stereotypes of femininity in Lady Meed].

Source: Yearbook of Langland Studies , 12., ( 1998): Pages 5 - 29.
Year of Publication: 1998.

282. Record Number: 2972
Author(s): Chojnacki, Stanley.
Contributor(s):
Title : Daughters and Oligarchs: Gender and the Early Renaissance State [argues that the state intervened to define the roles of men and women; studies the efforts to keep nuns' convents chaste and respectable, to control the ever rising cost of dowries, and to control the members of the male elite].

Source: Gender and Society in Renaissance Italy. Edited by Judith C. Brown and Robert C. Davis . Longman, 1998. Yearbook of Langland Studies , 12., ( 1998): Pages 63 - 86. Republished in slightly altered form as Gender and the Early Renaissance State. By Stanley Chojnacki. Women and Men in Renaissance Venice: Twelve Essays on Patrician Society. Johns Hopkins University Press, 2000. Pages 27-52.
Year of Publication: 1998.

283. Record Number: 5435
Author(s): Bishop, Louise.
Contributor(s):
Title : Dame Study and Women's Literacy ["Langland's poem negotiates the discourse of reading, recognizing the competition between the accepted female discursive mode and the call to social activism: 'Piers Plowman' embodies that competition in the figure of Study. As wife of Wit, Study dramatizes the competition for a reader's conscience, and traces in her disquisition the readerly paths to the heart. The one thing that recuperates the social experience of reading is its communal and sensual component: texts are read, heard, and felt. Study's emphasis on charity reveals a bold, feminized component of the discourse of social activism as antidote, if you will, to the constructed female reader of texts of affective piety." (Page 112)].

Source: Yearbook of Langland Studies , 12., ( 1998): Pages 97 - 115.
Year of Publication: 1998.

284. Record Number: 3139
Author(s): Smith, Julia M. H.
Contributor(s):
Title : Gender and Ideology in the Early Middle Ages [focuses on Carolingian noble women and their role as wives].

285. Record Number: 3526
Author(s): Townsend, David.
Contributor(s):
Title : Sex and the Single Amazon in Twelfth-Century Latin Epic

Source: The Tongue of the Fathers: Gender and Ideology in Twelfth-Century Latin. Edited by David Townsend and Andrew Taylor . University of Pennsylvania Press, 1998. Yearbook of Langland Studies , 12., ( 1998): Pages 136 - 155.
Year of Publication: 1998.

286. Record Number: 3146
Author(s): Watt, Diane.
Contributor(s):
Title : Behaving like a Man? Incest, Lesbian Desire, and Gender Play in "Yde et Olive" and Its Adaptations [Yde masquerades as a man to escape her incestuous father, is given the emperor's daughter in marriage, and miraculously becomes a man].

Source: Comparative Literature (Full Text via JSTOR) 50, 4 (Autumn 1998): 265-285. Link Info
Year of Publication: 1998.

287. Record Number: 3523
Author(s): Blamires, Alcuin.
Contributor(s):
Title : Caput a femina, membra a viris: Gender Polemic in Abelard's Letter "On the Authority and Dignity of the Nun's Profession [Abelard, at the request of Heloise, writes about the precedents for and the origins of female religious, emphasizing their parity, priority, exclusivity, and supremacy in a pro-feminist apology].

Source: The Tongue of the Fathers: Gender and Ideology in Twelfth-Century Latin. Edited by David Townsend and Andrew Taylor . University of Pennsylvania Press, 1998. Pages 55 - 79.
Year of Publication: 1998.

288. Record Number: 13758
Author(s): Schulenburg, Jane Tibbetts.
Contributor(s):
Title : Gender, Celibacy, and Proscriptions of Sacred Space: Symbol and Practice [In the early and high Middle Ages women were regularly excluded from men's monasteries and from their churches, which held the relics and tombs of many saints. In some cases, monks made accommodations with separate oratories for women or special exceptions for queens and other highly-placed figures. Nevertheless, there are recorded incidents of women who ignored the monastic rules and entered areas forbidden to all females. Schulenburg suggests that in some cases, at least, women considered the rules only man-made and sought equal access to the tombs and relics of the saints. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Medieval Purity and Piety: Essays on Medieval Clerical Celibacy and Religious Reform. Edited by Michael Frassetto Garland Medieval Casebooks Series . Garland Publishing, 1998. Pages 353 - 376.
Year of Publication: 1998.

289. Record Number: 5433
Author(s): Baker, Joan and Susan Signe Morrison
Contributor(s):
Title : The Luxury of Gender: "Piers Plowman" and "The Merchant's Tale" ["We do not wish to suggest from our reading of these texts that Langland is indifferent to the gender concern Chaucer delightedly and delightfully explores. On the contrary, we regardLangland's relentless search for Truth throughout his poem as evidence that he would be uneasy at the very least about offering a painless placebo, a quick fix, for the problems of gender. We conclude our study, therefore, with a close look at some differences in the versions of "Piers Plowman" to assert that Langland was, indeed, not only aware of, but deeply concerned with such issues, particularly those concerning a gendered readership of his text. And this, we contend, makes his ultimate subordination of gender to other social and spiritual agendas a more deliberate and hence more compelling argument for the 'luxury' of gender." (Page 52)].

Source: Yearbook of Langland Studies , 12., ( 1998): Pages 31 - 63.
Year of Publication: 1998.

290. Record Number: 3144
Author(s): Lewis, Katherine J.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Life of St. Margaret of Antioch in Late Medieval England: A Gendered Reading [The author analyzes texts and paintings, seeing there a reinforcement of female gender roles].

291. Record Number: 3612
Author(s): Lionarons, Joyce Tally.
Contributor(s):
Title : Cultural Syncretism and the Construction of Gender in Cynewulf's "Elene" [The author cites instances of gender category inversions; for example, Elene acts as a mother and spiritual mother while she takes on a masculine role using physical force to make Judas convert].

Source: Exemplaria: A Journal of Theory in Medieval and Renaissance Studies , 10., 1 (Spring 1998): Pages 51 - 68.
Year of Publication: 1998.

292. Record Number: 1599
Author(s): Lewis, Flora.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Wound in Christ's Side and the Instruments of the Passion: Gendered Experience and Response [images of sexual union and childbirth as well as knightly combat were used by both women and men to contemplate the Passion].

Source: Women and the Book: Assessing the Visual Evidence. Edited by Lesley Smith and Jane H.M. Taylor . British Library and University of Toronto Press, 1997. Pages 204 - 229.
Year of Publication: 1997.

293. Record Number: 1817
Author(s): Gilbert, Jane.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Practice of Gender in "Aucassin et Nicolette"

Source: Forum for Modern Language Studies , 33., 3 (July 1997): Pages 217 - 228.
Year of Publication: 1997.

294. Record Number: 3362
Author(s): Delierneux, N.
Contributor(s):
Title : Virilité physique et sainteté feminine dans l'hagiographie orientale du IVe au VIIe siècle [Saints' lives used include those of Mary the Egyptian, Anastasia, Apollinaria, Athanasia, Euphrosyne, Theodora of Alexandria, and Matrona].

Source: Byzantion , 67., 1 ( 1997): Pages 179 - 243.
Year of Publication: 1997.

295. Record Number: 3488
Author(s): Gates, Laura Doyle.
Contributor(s):
Title : Distaff and Pen: Producing the Evangiles des Quenouilles

Source: Neophilologus , 81., 1 (January 1997): Pages 13 - 20.
Year of Publication: 1997.

296. Record Number: 4341
Author(s): Blamires, Alcuin.
Contributor(s):
Title : Paradox in the Medieval Gender Doctrine of Head and Body [The author argues that the head-husband and body-wife doctrine had paradoxes which obliged churchmen to offer women other alternatives].

Source: Medieval Theology and the Natural Body. Edited by Peter Biller and A.J. Minnis York Studies in Medieval Theology . York Medieval Press, 1997. Neophilologus , 81., 1 (January 1997): Pages 13 - 29.
Year of Publication: 1997.

297. Record Number: 7475
Author(s): Abdalla, Laila.
Contributor(s):
Title : Man, woman or monster: Some themes of female masculinity and transvestism in the Middle Ages and Renaissance

Source: Neophilologus , 81., 1 (January 1997):
Year of Publication: 1997.

298. Record Number: 2503
Author(s): Dockray-Miller, Mary.
Contributor(s):
Title : Maternal Reflections on Gender and Medievalism

Source: Medieval Feminist Newsletter , 24., (Fall 1997): Pages 17 - 20.
Year of Publication: 1997.

299. Record Number: 2786
Author(s): Dockray-Miller, Mary.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Feminized Cross of "The Dream of the Rood" [interprets Christ as an aggressively heterosexual male figure whose heroism, masculinity, and majesty dominate the cross as the feminized other].

Source: Philological Quarterly , 76., 1 (Winter 1997): Pages 1 - 18.
Year of Publication: 1997.

300. Record Number: 7341
Author(s): Rasmussen, Mark David.
Contributor(s):
Title : Feminist Chaucer? Some Implications for Teaching [The author briefly examines the approaches of Jill Mann ("Geoffrey Chaucer" (1991) in the "Feminist Readings" series) and Elaine Tuttle Hansen ("Chaucer and the Fictions of Gender" (1992)). He argues that Mann's approach is humanist, taking a positive view of Chaucer's representation of women. Hansen, the author feels, has a much more negative interpretation of Chaucer as a misogynist who feared feminization and struggled to establish his own identity unrelated to female characteristics. Title note supplied by Feminae.]

Source: Studies in Medieval and Renaissance Teaching: SMART , 5., 2 (Fall 1997): Pages 77 - 85.
Year of Publication: 1997.

301. Record Number: 2461
Author(s): Ross, Valerie A.
Contributor(s):
Title : Believing Cassandra: Intertextual Politics and the Interpretation of Dreams in "Troilus and Criseyde" [argues for a reading of Chaucer as resisting a legacy of notions about gender, authority, and agency; Chaucer makes an alliance with his female characters against misogyny].

Source: Chaucer Review , 31., 4 ( 1997): Pages 339 - 356.
Year of Publication: 1997.

302. Record Number: 2907
Author(s): Otter, Monika.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Temptation of St. AEthelthryth

Source: Exemplaria: A Journal of Theory in Medieval and Renaissance Studies , 9., 1 (Spring 1997): Pages 139 - 163.
Year of Publication: 1997.

303. Record Number: 3151
Author(s): Halsall, Paul.
Contributor(s):
Title : Wedded to Christ: Nuptiality and Gender Reversed in the "Lives" of Byzantine Male Saints

Source: Byzantine Studies Conference. Abstracts of Papers , 23., ( 1997): Pages 66
Year of Publication: 1997.

304. Record Number: 2329
Author(s): Affeldt, Werner.
Contributor(s):
Title : L'expression féminine dans la poésie lyrique occitane [two linguistic and stylistic analyses and comparisons of discourse; the first case compares the "cansos" of four trobairitz (comtesse de Dia, Castelloza, Azalaïs, and Clara d'Anduza) with thise of four troubadours (Peire Vidal, Raimon de Miraval, Guilhem de Cabestanh, and Bertran de Born), while the second analysis looks at twenty-two "tensos" in which there are dialogues between male and female characters].

Source: Romance Philology , 51., 2 (November 1997): Pages 107 - 193.
Year of Publication: 1997.

305. Record Number: 34282
Author(s): Irvine, Martin,
Contributor(s):
Title : Abelard and (Re)Writing the Male Body: Castration, Identity, and Remasculinization

Source: Becoming Male in the Middle Ages. Edited by Jeffrey Jerome Cohen and Bonnie Wheeler . Garland Publishing, 1997. Neophilologus , 81., 1 (January 1997): Pages 87 - 106.
Year of Publication: 1997.

306. Record Number: 2490
Author(s): Verduin, Kathleen.
Contributor(s):
Title : Shared Interests of "SIM" and "MFN" (Vols. 22 and 23)

Source: Medieval Feminist Newsletter , 23., (Spring 1997): Pages 33 - 35.
Year of Publication: 1997.

307. Record Number: 2270
Author(s): Chewning, Susannah Mary.
Contributor(s):
Title : Mysticism and the Anchoritic Community: "A Time... of Veiled Infinity" [suggests that the author's persona presented in the "Wohunge" is feminine and that mystical texts are acts of feminine writing irrespective of the sex of the author].

Source: Medieval Women in Their Communities. Edited by Diane Watt . University of Toronto Press, 1997. Medieval Feminist Newsletter , 23., (Spring 1997): Pages 116 - 137.
Year of Publication: 1997.

308. Record Number: 1974
Author(s): Garay, Kathleen E.
Contributor(s):
Title : A Naked Intent Unto God: Ungendered Discourse in Some Late Medieval Mystical Texts [argues that female and male mystics wrote with much the same voice and that it was essentially a feminine mode of discourse; mystics whose works are discussed include Marguerite Porete, Julian of Norwich, Marguerite d'Oingt, Margery Kempe, Walter Hilton, Richard Rolle, and the author of "The Cloud of Unknowing"].

Source: Mystics Quarterly , 23., 2 (June 1997): Pages 36 - 51.
Year of Publication: 1997.

309. Record Number: 3913
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Boys Will Be... What? Gender, Sexuality, and Childhood in "Floire et Blancheflor" and "Floris et Lyriope" [The author argues that in both texts boyish sexuality leads to inappropriate choices, Floris transgresses social hierarchy and Floire calls into question the categories of gender and kinship].

Source: Exemplaria: A Journal of Theory in Medieval and Renaissance Studies , 9., 1 (Spring 1997): Pages 39 - 61.
Year of Publication: 1997.

310. Record Number: 1590
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Aesop's Cock and Marie's Hen: Gendered Authorship in Text and Image in Manuscripts of Marie de France's "Fables"

Source: Women and the Book: Assessing the Visual Evidence. Edited by Lesley Smith and Jane H.M. Taylor . British Library and University of Toronto Press, 1997. Exemplaria: A Journal of Theory in Medieval and Renaissance Studies , 9., 1 (Spring 1997): Pages 45 - 56.
Year of Publication: 1997.

311. Record Number: 2414
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Becoming Christian, Becoming Male? [Judaism and islam, in the view of medieval Christians, promoted gender disorder with feminized men and dominating women].

Source: Becoming Male in the Middle Ages. Edited by Jeffrey Jerome Cohen and Bonnie Wheeler . Garland Publishing, 1997. Exemplaria: A Journal of Theory in Medieval and Renaissance Studies , 9., 1 (Spring 1997): Pages 21 - 41.
Year of Publication: 1997.

312. Record Number: 3998
Author(s): Sargent, Michael G.,
Contributor(s):
Title : The Annihilation of Marguerite Porete

Source: Viator , 28., ( 1997): Pages 253 - 279.
Year of Publication: 1997.

313. Record Number: 2545
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Make Me a Match: Motifs of Betrothal in the Sagas of the Icelanders [discusses the desirable characteristics for husbands and wives and the particular cases of only daughters and widows].

Source: Scandinavian Studies , 69., 3 (Summer 1997): Pages 296 - 319.
Year of Publication: 1997.

314. Record Number: 2418
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Origenary Fantasies: Abelard's Castration and Confession

Source: Becoming Male in the Middle Ages. Edited by Jeffrey Jerome Cohen and Bonnie Wheeler . Garland Publishing, 1997. Scandinavian Studies , 69., 3 (Summer 1997): Pages 107 - 128.
Year of Publication: 1997.

315. Record Number: 2268
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : All Girls Together: Community , Gender, and Vision at Helfta [analysis of the environment at Helfta based on the writings of its visionaries: Mechthild of Hackeborn, Mechthild of Magdeburg, and Gertrude the Great; the experience within this supportive community allowed Gertrude and Mechthild of Hackeborn to ascribe female characteristics to the divine that drew on images of female biology including enclosure, blood, and the vagina].

Source: Medieval Women in Their Communities. Edited by Diane Watt . University of Toronto Press, 1997. Scandinavian Studies , 69., 3 (Summer 1997): Pages 72 - 91.
Year of Publication: 1997.

316. Record Number: 1997
Author(s): French, Katherine L.
Contributor(s):
Title : To Free Them From Binding: Women in the Late Medieval English Parish [analysis of the celebration of Hocktide during which women chased men, tied them up, and took their ransom money for a parish fund raiser].

Source: Journal of Interdisciplinary History (Full Text via JSTOR) 27, 3 (Winter 1997): 387-412. Link Info
Year of Publication: 1997.

317. Record Number: 2068
Author(s): Sydie, R.A.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Phallocentric Gaze: Leon Battista Alberti and Visual Art

Source: Journal of Historical Sociology , 10., 3 (September 1997): Pages 310 - 341.
Year of Publication: 1997.

318. Record Number: 2427
Author(s): Epp, Garrett P.J.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Vicious Guise: Effeminacy, Sodomy, and "Mankind"

Source: Becoming Male in the Middle Ages. Edited by Jeffrey Jerome Cohen and Bonnie Wheeler . Garland Publishing, 1997. Journal of Historical Sociology , 10., 3 (September 1997): Pages 303 - 320.
Year of Publication: 1997.

319. Record Number: 4597
Author(s): Visconsi, Elliott.
Contributor(s):
Title : She Represents the Person of Our Lord: The Performance of Mysticism in the "Vita" of Elisabeth of Spalbeek and "The Book of Margery Kempe" [this essay describes "how medieval women produced a mysticism beyond extant gender representations, a performative mysticism firmly grounded in the disorderliness of the female flesh as it enacts the 'imitatio Christi,' predicated on an educable audience, and finally to result in a subjectivity of self-annihilation" (Page 79)].

Source: Comitatus , 28., ( 1997): Pages 76 - 89.
Year of Publication: 1997.

320. Record Number: 1934
Author(s): Lansing, Carol.
Contributor(s):
Title : Gender and Civic Authority: Sexual Control in a Medieval Italian Town

Source: Journal of Social History , 31., 1 (Fall 1997): Pages 33 - 59.
Year of Publication: 1997.

321. Record Number: 1378
Author(s): Zago, Esther.
Contributor(s):
Title : Women, Medicine, and the Law in Boccaccio's "Decameron" [differences in the therapy available to women and men who are victims of lovesickness].

Source: Women Healers and Physicians: Climbing a Long Hill. Edited by Lilian R. Furst . University Press of Kentucky, 1997. Journal of Social History , 31., 1 (Fall 1997): Pages 64 - 78.
Year of Publication: 1997.

322. Record Number: 1404
Author(s): Olsen, Alexandra Hennessey.
Contributor(s):
Title : Gender Roles [overview of recent scholarship with an emphasis on the active roles that women play in "Beowulf"].

Source: A Beowulf Handbook. Edited by Robert E. Bjork and John D. Niles . University of Nebraska Press, 1997. Journal of Social History , 31., 1 (Fall 1997): Pages 311 - 324.
Year of Publication: 1997.

323. Record Number: 2445
Author(s): Lucy, S.J.
Contributor(s):
Title : Housewives, Warriors, and Slaves? Sex and Gender in Anglo-Saxon Burials [based on a study of two Yorkshire cemeteries, the author questions the traditional assumption of sex based on grave good assemblages of either jewelry or weapons; urges a more nuanced analysis that takes social relations, symbolism, and cultural affiliations into consideration as well as gender].

Source: Invisible People and Processes: Writing Gender and Childhood into European Archaeology. Edited by Jenny Moore and Eleanor Scott . Leicester University Press, 1997. Journal of Social History , 31., 1 (Fall 1997): Pages 150 - 168.
Year of Publication: 1997.

324. Record Number: 2035
Author(s): Fee, Christopher.
Contributor(s):
Title : Judith and the Rhetoric of Heroism in Anglo-Saxon England [argues that the Anglo-Saxon "Judith" is restricted to a purely inspirational role in contrast to the Vulgate "Judith" who plans and executes a daring strategy; the author suggests that Anglo-Saxon culture equated active heroism only with masculine military might].

Source: English Studies , 78., 5 (September 1997): Pages 401 - 406.
Year of Publication: 1997.

325. Record Number: 2428
Author(s): Sponsler, Claire.
Contributor(s):
Title : Outlaw Masculinities: Drag, Blackface, and Late Medieval Laboring-Class Festiviities

Source: Becoming Male in the Middle Ages. Edited by Jeffrey Jerome Cohen and Bonnie Wheeler . Garland Publishing, 1997. English Studies , 78., 5 (September 1997): Pages 321 - 347.
Year of Publication: 1997.

326. Record Number: 2668
Author(s): Dietrich, Julia.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Visionary Rhetoric of Hildegard of Bingen

Source: Listening to Their Voices: The Rhetorical Activities of Historical Women. Edited by Molly Meijer Wertheimer . University of South Carolina Press, 1997. English Studies , 78., 5 (September 1997): Pages 199 - 214.
Year of Publication: 1997.

327. Record Number: 2207
Author(s): Thomas, Hugh M.
Contributor(s):
Title : An Upwardly Mobile Medieval Woman: Juliana of Warwick [Juliana managed Countess Matilda's household (as "cameraria") and received gifts of land from her employer/patroness; Matilda also probably arranged Juliana's advantageous marriage with the wealthy knight, Nigel of Plumpton].

Source: Medieval Prosopography , 18., ( 1997): Pages 109 - 121.
Year of Publication: 1997.

328. Record Number: 2425
Author(s): Sturges, Robert S.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Pardoner, Veiled and Unveiled

Source: Becoming Male in the Middle Ages. Edited by Jeffrey Jerome Cohen and Bonnie Wheeler . Garland Publishing, 1997. Medieval Prosopography , 18., ( 1997): Pages 261 - 277.
Year of Publication: 1997.

329. Record Number: 1833
Author(s): Lees, Clare A.
Contributor(s):
Title : Engendering Religious Desire: Sex, Knowledge, and Christian Identity in Anglo- Saxon England [representations of the body, sexuality, and eroticism in vernacular literary culture].

Source: Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies (Full Text via Project Muse) 27, 1 (Winter 1997): 17-45. Link Info
Year of Publication: 1997.

330. Record Number: 2464
Author(s): Warner, Lawrence.
Contributor(s):
Title : Woman is Man's Babylon: Chaucer's "Nembrot" and the Tyranny of Enclosure in the "Nun's Priest's Tale" [gendered analysis of "wandering" (sexual, narrative, and linguistic) discusses several themes including woman as tyrant, transgressive sexuality, and the dangerous influence of Biblical translations on women].

Source: Chaucer Review , 32., 1 ( 1997): Pages 82 - 107.
Year of Publication: 1997.

331. Record Number: 1973
Author(s): Innes-Parker, Catherine.
Contributor(s):
Title : Subversion and Conformity in Julian's "Revelation": Authority, Vision, and the Motherhood of God [in part compares images of motherhood in Julian with those in "Ancrene Wisse" and "The Chastising of God's Children"].

Source: Mystics Quarterly , 23., 2 (June 1997): Pages 7 - 35.
Year of Publication: 1997.

332. Record Number: 2443
Author(s): Gilchrist, Roberta.
Contributor(s):
Title : Ambivalent Bodies: Gender and Medieval Archaeology [argues that medieval archaeology has been largely gender-neutral and has missed both female and male agency ; includes short case studies of the gift-exchange of women, burial and commemoration for women and men, and gender and housing].

Source: Invisible People and Processes: Writing Gender and Childhood into European Archaeology. Edited by Jenny Moore and Eleanor Scott . Leicester University Press, 1997. Mystics Quarterly , 23., 2 (June 1997): Pages 42 - 58.
Year of Publication: 1997.

333. Record Number: 2274
Author(s): Skinner, Patricia.
Contributor(s):
Title : Gender and Poverty in the Medieval Community

Source: Medieval Women in Their Communities. Edited by Diane Watt . University of Toronto Press, 1997. Mystics Quarterly , 23., 2 (June 1997): Pages 204 - 221.
Year of Publication: 1997.

334. Record Number: 2416
Author(s): Townsend, David.
Contributor(s):
Title : Ironic Intertextuality and the Reader's Resistance to Heroic Masculinity in the "Waltharius" [suggests that monastic readers viewed Hildegund as a subversive character who undercut the warriors' bravado; comparisons are made with the "Aeneid's" Dido episode and slasher films].

Source: Becoming Male in the Middle Ages. Edited by Jeffrey Jerome Cohen and Bonnie Wheeler . Garland Publishing, 1997. Mystics Quarterly , 23., 2 (June 1997): Pages 67 - 86.
Year of Publication: 1997.

335. Record Number: 2429
Author(s): Uebel, Michael.
Contributor(s):
Title : On Becoming-Male

Source: Becoming Male in the Middle Ages. Edited by Jeffrey Jerome Cohen and Bonnie Wheeler . Garland Publishing, 1997. Mystics Quarterly , 23., 2 (June 1997): Pages 367 - 384.
Year of Publication: 1997.

336. Record Number: 408
Author(s): Fadel, Mohammad.
Contributor(s):
Title : Two Women, One Man : Knowledge, Power, and Gender in Medieval Sunni Legal Thought [analysis of women's varied roles in the "production, reproduction, and application" of law as reflected both in exegesis and jurisprudence].

Source: International Journal of Middle East Studies (Full Text via JSTOR) 29, 2 (May 1997): 185-204. Link Info
Year of Publication: 1997.

337. Record Number: 2444
Author(s): Woolf, Alex.
Contributor(s):
Title : At home in the Long Iron Age: A Dialogue Between Households and Individuals in Cultural Reproduction [sketch of household relations, with an emphasis on the similarities in conditions of wives and slaves; also considers what material evidence is available for this period in Northern Europe].

Source: Invisible People and Processes: Writing Gender and Childhood into European Archaeology. Edited by Jenny Moore and Eleanor Scott . Leicester University Press, 1997. Pages 68 - 74.
Year of Publication: 1997.

338. Record Number: 660
Author(s): Halsall, Guy.
Contributor(s):
Title : Female Status and Power in Early Merovingian Central Austrasia: The Burial Evidence [women of child- bearing age had the most lavish burials because their deaths threatened family status the most].

Source: Early Medieval Europe , 5., 1 ( 1996): Pages 1 - 24.
Year of Publication: 1996.

339. Record Number: 1577
Author(s):
Contributor(s): Aers, David, Issue Editor.
Title : Preface [argues that psychoanalytic criticism and gender theories are valid for historical inquiry in the Middle Ages].

Source: Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies , 26., 2 (Spring 1996): Pages 199 - 208. Special Issue: Historical Inquiries/ Psychoanalytic Criticism/ Gender Studies
Year of Publication: 1996.

340. Record Number: 1866
Author(s): Mullally, Evelyn.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Portrayal of Women in the "Histoire de Guillaume le Maréchal"

Source: Peritia: Journal of the Medieval Academy of Ireland , 10., ( 1996): Pages 351 - 362.
Year of Publication: 1996.

341. Record Number: 2543
Author(s): Martin, Nell Gifford.
Contributor(s):
Title : Vision and Violence in Some Gothic Meditative Imagery [analyzes manuscript images of ritual sacrifice (Jephthah's daughter and Abraham's offering of Isaac) and Christ's crucifixion for meanings conveyed by gender].

Source: Studies in Iconography , 17., ( 1996): Pages 311 - 348.
Year of Publication: 1996.

342. Record Number: 3640
Author(s): Richards, Earl Jeffrey.
Contributor(s):
Title : Rejecting Essentialism and Gendered Writing: The Case of Christine de Pizan [Christine de Pizan challenges the misogyny inherent in medieval literary culture].

Source: Gender and Text in the Later Middle Ages. Edited by Jane Chance . University Press of Florida, 1996. Studies in Iconography , 17., ( 1996): Pages 96 - 131.
Year of Publication: 1996.

343. Record Number: 8
Author(s): Burns, E. Jane, Sarah Kay, Roberta L. Krueger and Helen Solterer
Contributor(s):
Title : Feminism and the Discipline of Old French Studies: "Une Bele Disjointure"

Source: Medievalism and the Modernist Temper. Edited by R. Howard Bloch and Stephen G. Nichols . Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996. Neophilologus , 81., 1 (January 1997): Pages 225 - 266.
Year of Publication: 1996.

344. Record Number: 703
Author(s): Nederman, Cary J. and Jacqui True
Contributor(s):
Title : The Third Sex: The Idea of the Hermaphrodite in Twelfth- Century Europe [examines evidence from medical and legal texts as well as the writings of John of Salisbury, Bernard Sylvestris, and Alan of Lille].

Source: Journal of the History of Sexuality , 6., 4 (April 1996): Pages 497 - 517.
Year of Publication: 1996.

345. Record Number: 1020
Author(s): Lochrie, Karma, Clare A. Lees and Gillian R. Overing
Contributor(s):
Title : Feminism Within and Without the Academy [conflicts within medieval feminism and suggestions for action].

Source: Medieval Feminist Newsletter , 22., (Fall 1996): Pages 27 - 31.
Year of Publication: 1996.

346. Record Number: 9507
Author(s): Klein, Stacy S.
Contributor(s):
Title : Aelfric's Sources and His Gendered Audiences [Aelfric's "Life" of Judith was intended for two different audiences: nuns who needed encouragement toward chastity and the noble man Sigeweard and his warriors who were fighting the Vikings. Aelfric's message about chastity could profit warriors because uncontrolled sexual desire would lead men to dishonor. Klein argues that Aelfric's narrative reflects his anxieties both about female sexuality and men's sexual desires. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Essays in Medieval Studies , 13., ( 1996): Pages 111 - 119.
Year of Publication: 1996.

347. Record Number: 20793
Author(s): Hendershot, Cyndy
Contributor(s):
Title : Male Subjectivity, "Fin Amor," and Melancholia in "The Book of the Duchess"

Source: Mediaevalia , 21., ( 1996): Pages 1 - 26.
Year of Publication: 1996.

348. Record Number: 546
Author(s): Kuehn, Thomas.
Contributor(s):
Title : Understanding Gender Inequality in Renaissance Florence: Personhood and Gifts of Maternal Inheritance by Women

Source: Journal of Women's History , 8., 2 (Summer 1996): Pages 58 - 80.
Year of Publication: 1996.

349. Record Number: 1743
Author(s): Gouma-Peterson, Thalia.
Contributor(s):
Title : Engendered Category or Recognizable Life: Anna Komnene and her "Alexiad"

Source: Full-text of the Alexiad in English (from the Medieval Sourcebook)
Year of Publication: 1996.

350. Record Number: 911
Author(s): Howell, Martha C.
Contributor(s):
Title : Fixing Movables: Gifts by Testament in Late Medieval Douai [The personal goods that women bequeathed to family, friends, and the poor carried social meaning and economic value].

Source: Past and Present (Full Text via JSTOR) 150 (Feb. 1996): 3-45. Link Info
Year of Publication: 1996.

351. Record Number: 714
Author(s): McGinn, Bernard.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Changing Shape of Late Medieval Mysticism [themes discussed include connections between men and women in religion, Latin and the vernaculars, and the world and the cloister].

Source: Church History (Full Text via JSTOR) 65, 2 (June 1996): 197-219. Link Info
Year of Publication: 1996.

352. Record Number: 1013
Author(s): Rasmussen, Ann Marie.
Contributor(s):
Title : Message from the Editor [on the issue topic, "Gender and Medievalism" and the relationship between scholarly and popular writing about the Middle Ages].

Source: Medieval Feminist Newsletter , 22., (Fall 1996): Pages 6 - 8.
Year of Publication: 1996.

353. Record Number: 3647
Author(s): Nouvet, Claire.
Contributor(s):
Title : Writing (In) Fear [The author analyzes Christine's authorial personae, Cupid and Creintis(Fear); in writing her defense of women Christine must speak as a man].

Source: Gender and Text in the Later Middle Ages. Edited by Jane Chance . University Press of Florida, 1996. Medieval Feminist Newsletter , 22., (Fall 1996): Pages 279 - 305.
Year of Publication: 1996.

354. Record Number: 3639
Author(s): Sahlin, Claire L.
Contributor(s):
Title : Gender and Prophetic Authority in Birgitta of Sweden's "Revelations"

Source: Gender and Text in the Later Middle Ages. Edited by Jane Chance . University Press of Florida, 1996. Medieval Feminist Newsletter , 22., (Fall 1996): Pages 69 - 95.
Year of Publication: 1996.

355. Record Number: 1661
Author(s): Moore, Kira.
Contributor(s):
Title : Fairy Woman and Fairy Man as Lovers and Providers in "Lanval" and "Yonec" [Forty-eighth Annual Kentucky Foreign Language Conference, Lexington, April 20-22, 1995].

Source: Le Cygne: Bulletin of the International Marie de France Society: Abstracts, Notes, and Queries , 2., (April 1996): Pages 4 - 5.
Year of Publication: 1996.

356. Record Number: 541
Author(s): Suydam, Mary A.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Politics of Authorship: Hadewijch of Antwerp and the "Mengeldichten" [argues that Hadewijch was the author of poems 17-29 in the "Mengeldichten" and that scholars' characterizations of the poems as speculative mysticism is based on gender assumptions].

Source: Mystics Quarterly , 22., 1 (March 1996): Pages 2 - 20.
Year of Publication: 1996.

357. Record Number: 1019
Author(s): Drout, Michael D. C.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Influence of J. R. R. Tolkien's Masculinist Medievalism

Source: Medieval Feminist Newsletter , 22., (Fall 1996): Pages 26 - 27.
Year of Publication: 1996.

358. Record Number: 1585
Author(s): Westphal, Sarah.
Contributor(s):
Title : Camilla: The Amazon Body in Medieval German Literature [psychoanalytic reading of von Veldeke's version of the "Aeneid"].

Source: Exemplaria: A Journal of Theory in Medieval and Renaissance Studies , 8., 1 (Spring 1996): Pages 231 - 258.
Year of Publication: 1996.

359. Record Number: 3595
Author(s): Partner, Nancy F.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Family Romance of Guibert of Nogent: His Story/ Her Story

Source: Medieval Mothering. Edited by John Carmi Parsons and Bonnie Wheeler . Garland Publishing, 1996. Exemplaria: A Journal of Theory in Medieval and Renaissance Studies , 8., 1 (Spring 1996): Pages 359 - 379.
Year of Publication: 1996.

360. Record Number: 3638
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : The Use of Gender and Gender-Related Imagery in Hadewijch [focusing on how Hadewijch used gender-related imagery to create a language to address her female audience].

Source: Gender and Text in the Later Middle Ages. Edited by Jane Chance . University Press of Florida, 1996. Exemplaria: A Journal of Theory in Medieval and Renaissance Studies , 8., 1 (Spring 1996): Pages 52 - 68.
Year of Publication: 1996.

361. Record Number: 1580
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Clothing and Gender Definition: Joan of Arc

Source: Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies , 26., 2 (Spring 1996): Pages 297 - 319. Special Issue: Historical Inquiries/ Psychoanalytic Criticism/ Gender Studies
Year of Publication: 1996.

362. Record Number: 1851
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Margery Kempe: Spectacle and Spiritual Governance [argues that the active public spectacle of fits and weeping is a kind of martyrdom and a sign of Margery's contemplative attainments].

Source: Philological Quarterly , 75., 2 (Spring 1996): Pages 137 - 166.
Year of Publication: 1996.

363. Record Number: 1431
Author(s): Lampe, David.
Contributor(s):
Title : Sex Roles and the Role of Sex in Medieval English Literature [overview of Old and Middle English literature with many illustrative quotations].

Source: Handbook of Medieval Sexuality. Edited by Vern L. Bullough and James A. Brundage . Garland Reference Library of the Humanities vol. 1696. Garland Publishing, 1996. Philological Quarterly , 75., 2 (Spring 1996): Pages 401 - 426.
Year of Publication: 1996.

364. Record Number: 1629
Author(s): Hovland, Deborah.
Contributor(s):
Title : A Woman's Place is in the Home: Gender and Staging in the Early French Trickster Farce

Source: Romance Languages Annual , 8., ( 1996): Pages 41 - 45.
Year of Publication: 1996.

365. Record Number: 796
Author(s): Rosen, Tova.
Contributor(s):
Title : Like a Woman: Gender and Genre in a Love Poem by Isaac Ibn Khalfun [the lover, like a stag, pursues his noble lady, but he shrinks away in fear of her family; then he mourns his love like a mother who has lost her only son].

Source: Prooftexts , 16., 1 (Jan. 1996): Pages 5 - 13. Special Issue: Reading in Medieval Hebrew Poetry
Year of Publication: 1996.

366. Record Number: 727
Author(s): Melman, Billie.
Contributor(s):
Title : Under the Western Historian's Eyes: Eileen Power and the Early Feminist Encounter with Colonialism [based in large part on Power's travel journal and report on a trip to India, the Dutch East Indies, and China during 1920-1921; Power saw many similarities between the medieval West and contemporary Asia].

Source: History Workshop Journal , 42., (Autumn 1996): Pages 145 - 168.
Year of Publication: 1996.

367. Record Number: 13837
Author(s): Karras, Ruth Mazo.
Contributor(s):
Title : Two Models, Two Standards: Moral Teaching and Sexual Mores [The author examines lay beliefs about sexual behavior in contrast to Church teaching. As evidence Karras analyzes the devotional text, "Dives and Pauper," and ecclesiastical court records. She finds instances of a double standard with women expected to be chaste while men had sex outside of marriage with the fault frequently lodged against the women who had "tempted" the men into sin. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Bodies and Disciplines: Intersections of Literature and History in Fifteenth-Century England. Edited by Barbara A. Hanawalt and David Wallace . Medieval Cultures series, 9. University of Minnesota Press, 1996. History Workshop Journal , 42., (Autumn 1996): Pages 123 - 138.
Year of Publication: 1996.

368. Record Number: 1936
Author(s): Jager, Eric.
Contributor(s):
Title : Did Eve Invent Writing? Script and the Fall in "The Adam Books" [Eve's role as represented in a patristic Latin text and two Middle English metrical versions, the Auchinleck (c.1330) and Trinity (1375) texts].

Source: Studies in Philology , 93., 3 (Summer 1996): Pages 229 - 250.
Year of Publication: 1996.

369. Record Number: 1746
Author(s): Ringrose, Kathryn M.
Contributor(s):
Title : Eunuchs as Cultural Mediators [they mediated between men and women, the bureaucratic elite and the rest of society, even between the earthly and the divine].

Source: Byzantinische Forschungen , 23., ( 1996): Pages 75 - 93. Revised papers that were originally read at the session entitled "Komnenian Culture" at the Twentieth Annual Byzantine Studies Conference, Ann Arbor, Michigan, on September 21, 1994
Year of Publication: 1996.

370. Record Number: 2702
Author(s): Ross, Valerie A.
Contributor(s):
Title : Resisting Chaucerian Misogyny: Reinscribing Criseyde [argues that Chaucer is a gender-conscious social visionary who seeks to subvert the "auctores" and the misogynist ideology in his transgressive alliance with Criseyde].

Source: Aestel , 4., ( 1996): Pages 29 - 58.
Year of Publication: 1996.

371. Record Number: 653
Author(s): Bossy, Michel- André and Nancy A. Jones
Contributor(s):
Title : Gender and Compilational Patterns in Troubadour Lyric: The Case of Manuscript "N" [poems of Guillaume IX, Duke of Aquitaine, frame those of the trobairitz Castelloza, Beatriz de Dia, and Azalais de Porcairagues.]

Source: French Forum , 21., 3 (Sept. 1996): Pages 261 - 280.
Year of Publication: 1996.

372. Record Number: 878
Author(s): Morey, Robert.
Contributor(s):
Title : Beowulf's Androgynous Heroism [in crossing tribal lines, Beowulf assumes the feminine role of peace weaver].

Source: JEGP: Journal of English and Germanic Philology , 95., 4 (Oct. 1996): Pages 486 - 496.
Year of Publication: 1996.

373. Record Number: 983
Author(s): Africa, Chris.
Contributor(s):
Title : Recent Bibliography on Women and Gender

Source: Medieval Feminist Newsletter , 21., (Spring 1996): Pages 32 - 38.
Year of Publication: 1996.

374. Record Number: 1621
Author(s): Gonz‡lez-Casanovas, Roberto J.
Contributor(s):
Title : Gender Models in Alfonso X's 'Siete partidas': The Sexual Politics of 'Nature' and 'Society' [this interpretation based on historicist theories looks at the "Siete Partidas" as a literary creation and a social utopia].

Source: Desire and Discipline: Sex and Sexuality in the Premodern West. Edited by Jacqueline Murray and Konrad Eisenbichler . University of Toronto Press, 1996. Medieval Feminist Newsletter , 21., (Spring 1996): Pages 42 - 60.
Year of Publication: 1996.

375. Record Number: 2432
Author(s): Sayers, William.
Contributor(s):
Title : Principled Women, Pressured Men: Nostalgia in "Fljótsdœla saga" [the last of the family sagas recalls an age in which heroic women and active men struggled for honor and material advantage].

Source: Reading Medieval Studies , 22., ( 1996): Pages 21 - 62.
Year of Publication: 1996.

376. Record Number: 1081
Author(s): Freeman, Elizabeth.
Contributor(s):
Title : Nuns in the Public Sphere: Aelred of Rievaulx's "De Sanctimoniali De Wattun" and the Gendering of Authority [how the Gilbertine nuns of Watton punished a sister who had sexual relations with a man belonging to the double house].

Source: Comitatus , 27., ( 1996): Pages 55 - 80. [contributions are accepted from graduate students and those who have received their doctorates within the last three years]
Year of Publication: 1996.

377. Record Number: 1111
Author(s): Curzan, Anne.
Contributor(s):
Title : Third Person Pronouns in the "Peterborough Chronicle" [includes material on the development of the feminine pronouns; the "Peterborough Chronicle" contains the first recorded use of "scae" (she)].

Source: Neuphilologische Mitteilungen , 97., 3 ( 1996): Pages 301 - 314.
Year of Publication: 1996.

378. Record Number: 3637
Author(s): Brown, Catherine.
Contributor(s):
Title : Muliebriter: Doing Gender in the Letters of Heloise [argues that Heloise adopts a number of gendered personae in her letters, including whore, castrata, and hypocrite in order to assert her mastery over Abelard].

Source: Gender and Text in the Later Middle Ages. Edited by Jane Chance . University Press of Florida, 1996. Neuphilologische Mitteilungen , 97., 3 ( 1996): Pages 25 - 51.
Year of Publication: 1996.

379. Record Number: 1562
Author(s): Hanawalt, Barbara A.
Contributor(s):
Title : Separation Anxieties in Late Medieval London: Gender in "The Wright's Chaste Wife" [includes a discussion of historical instances in which wives coped with their husbands' long absences].

Source: Medieval Perspectives , 11., ( 1996): Pages 23 - 41. Also reprinted in "Of Good and Ill Repute": Gender and Social Control in Medieval England. Barbara A. Hanawalt. Oxford University Press, 1998. 88-103 Proceedings of the Twenty-First Annual Conference of the Southeastern Medieval Association
Year of Publication: 1996.

380. Record Number: 641
Author(s): Weiss, Julian.
Contributor(s):
Title : Writing, Sanctity, and Gender in Berceo's "Poema de Santa Oria" [examines the ways in which the poet identifies with Oria, looking in particular at spoken language and writing].

Source: Hispanic Review (Full Text via JSTOR) 64, 4 (Autumn 1996): 447-465. Link Info
Year of Publication: 1996.

381. Record Number: 9517
Author(s): Cox, Catherine S.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Jangler's "Bourde": Gender, Renunciation, and Chaucer's Manciple [The author argues that the Manciple speaks in his mother's voice to emphasize anti-feminist themes. The kinds of indirect language used by the Manciple fit in with the "Parson's Tale" and the "Retractions," suggesting a resistant reading of Chaucer's reaction to orthodox theology. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: South Atlantic Review (Full Text via JSTOR) 61, 4 (Fall 1996): 1-21. Link Info
Year of Publication: 1996.

382. Record Number: 1422
Author(s): Bullough, Vern L.
Contributor(s):
Title : Cross Dressing and Gender Role Change in the Middle Ages [while female cross dressing is not uncommon in medieval saints' lives, there was apparently much less tolerance for male cross dressers given the less powerful role of women].

Source: Handbook of Medieval Sexuality. Edited by Vern L. Bullough and James A. Brundage . Garland Reference Library of the Humanities vol. 1696. Garland Publishing, 1996. Pages 223 - 242.
Year of Publication: 1996.

383. Record Number: 2341
Author(s): Davidson, Mary Catherine.
Contributor(s):
Title : Speech, Gender, and Linguistic Change in "Beowulf"

Source: Old English Newsletter , 29., 3 (Spring 1996):
Year of Publication: 1996.

384. Record Number: 514
Author(s): Hult, David F.
Contributor(s):
Title : Gaston Paris and the Invention of Courtly Love ["Personal, professional and ideological conflicts" in the discourse of Gaston Paris].

Source: Medievalism and the Modernist Temper. Edited by R. Howard Bloch and Stephen G. Nichols . Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996. Old English Newsletter , 29., 3 (Spring 1996): Pages 192 - 224.
Year of Publication: 1996.

385. Record Number: 1581
Author(s): Watson, Nicholas.
Contributor(s):
Title : Yf Wommen Be Double Naturelly: Remaking "Woman" in Julian of Norwich's "Revelation of Love" [Julian emphasizes fidelity, sensuality, as a human rather than a uniquely female condition, and God-as-Mother in response to antifeminist themes concerning woman's duplicity and destructiveness].

Source: Exemplaria: A Journal of Theory in Medieval and Renaissance Studies , 8., 1 (Spring 1996): Pages 1 - 34.
Year of Publication: 1996.

386. Record Number: 1419
Author(s): Murray, Jacqueline.
Contributor(s):
Title : Hiding Behind the Universal Man: Male Sexuality in the Middle Ages [theological, medical, and secular sources provide a complex view that includes abstinence, aggression, and anxieties about impotence and sexual inadequacy].

Source: Handbook of Medieval Sexuality. Edited by Vern L. Bullough and James A. Brundage . Garland Reference Library of the Humanities vol. 1696. Garland Publishing, 1996. Exemplaria: A Journal of Theory in Medieval and Renaissance Studies , 8., 1 (Spring 1996): Pages 123 - 152.
Year of Publication: 1996.

387. Record Number: 1417
Author(s): Salisbury, Joyce E.
Contributor(s):
Title : Gendered Sexuality [male and female biology and sexuality as represented in religious and medical texts].

388. Record Number: 49
Author(s): Lynch, Kathryn L.
Contributor(s):
Title : East Meets West in Chaucer's Squire's and Franklin's Tales

Source: Speculum (Full Text via JSTOR) 70 (1995): 530-551. Link Info
Year of Publication: 1995.

389. Record Number: 2450
Author(s): Brubaker, Leslie.
Contributor(s):
Title : Conclusion: Image, Audience, and Place : Interaction and Reproduction [includes a section entitled "The Gendered Audience: Women and Icons"].

Source: The Sacred Image East and West. Edited by Robert Ousterhout and Leslie Brubaker . Illinois Byzantine Studies IV. University of Illinois Press, 1995. Pages 204 - 220.
Year of Publication: 1995.

390. Record Number: 922
Author(s): Head, Pauline.
Contributor(s):
Title : Integritas in Rudolph of Fulda's "Vita Leobae Abbatissae"

Source: Parergon: Bulletin of the Australian and New Zealand Association for Medieval and Renaissance Studies. New Series , 13., 1 (July 1995): Pages 33 - 51.
Year of Publication: 1995.

391. Record Number: 1
Author(s): Hanawalt, Barbara A.
Contributor(s):
Title : At the Margin of Women's Space in Medieval Europe [regulation of women's space with an emphasis on prostitutes and religious women].

Source: Matrons and Marginal Women in Medieval Society. Edited by Robert R. Edwards and Vickie Ziegler . Boydell Press, 1995. Parergon: Bulletin of the Australian and New Zealand Association for Medieval and Renaissance Studies. New Series , 13., 1 (July 1995): Pages 1 - 17. Also reprinted in "Of Good and Ill Repute": Gender and Social Control in Medieval England. Barbara A. Hanawalt. Oxford University Press, 1998. Pages 70-87.
Year of Publication: 1995.

392. Record Number: 131
Author(s): Smith, Bonnie G.
Contributor(s):
Title : Gender and the Practices of Scientific History: The Seminar and Archival Research in the Nineteenth Century

Source: American Historical Review (Full Text via JSTOR) 100, 4 (Oct. 1995): 1150-1176. Link Info
Year of Publication: 1995.

393. Record Number: 1125
Author(s): Henderson, J. Frank.
Contributor(s):
Title : Feminizing the Rule of Benedict in Medieval England [study of five Middle English translations and one Latin version, examining changes from masculine language as well as feminization of such aspects of monastic life as clothing and the practice of charity]

Source: Magistra , 1., 1 (Summer 1995): Pages 9 - 38.
Year of Publication: 1995.

394. Record Number: 1615
Author(s): Ruud, Jay.
Contributor(s):
Title : Images of the Self and Self Image in Julian of Norwich [analysis of the varied kinds of feminine imagery used and their relations to Julian's assertions of self-worth].

Source: Studia Mystica New Series , 16., 1 ( 1995): Pages 82 - 105.
Year of Publication: 1995.

395. Record Number: 1617
Author(s): Akel, Catherine S.
Contributor(s):
Title : Familial Structure in the Religious Relationships and Visionary Experiences of Margery Kempe [argues that Margery, like other female mystics, created her own family of supportive clerics and lay believers ; furthermore familial ties with Jesus and Mary allowed Margery to achieve the kind or reconciliation and love that she had not found in her earthly family].

Source: Studia Mystica New Series , 16., 1 ( 1995): Pages 116 - 132.
Year of Publication: 1995.

396. Record Number: 1708
Author(s): Richards, Earl Jeffrey.
Contributor(s):
Title : In Search of a Feminist Patrology : Christine de Pizan and "Les Glorieux Dotteurs"

Source: Une femme de Lettres au Moyen Age: Études autour de Christine de Pizan. Edited by Liliane Dulac and Bernard Ribémont . Paradigme, 1995. Studia Mystica New Series , 16., 1 ( 1995): Pages 281 - 295. First published in Mystics Quarterly 21, 1 (March 1995): 3-17.
Year of Publication: 1995.

397. Record Number: 2721
Author(s): Børresen, Kari Elisabeth.
Contributor(s):
Title : Recent and Current Research on Women in the Christian Tradition

Source: Studia Patristica , 29., ( 1995): Pages 224 - 231. Papers Presented at the Twelfth International Conference on Patristic Studies Held in Oxford. Historia, Theologica et Philosophica, Critica et Philologica
Year of Publication: 1995.

398. Record Number: 2722
Author(s): Jensen, Robin M.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Femininity of Christ in Early Christian Iconography [suggests that feminine attributes of Jesus, including long, curly hair, smooth, beardless cheeks, and small, protruding breasts, were borrowed from savior deities of the mystery cults, especially Dionysus and Orpheus].

Source: Studia Patristica , 29., ( 1995): Pages 269 - 282. Papers Presented at the Twelfth International Conference on Patristic Studies Held in Oxford. Historia, Theologica et Philosophica, Critica et Philologica
Year of Publication: 1995.

399. Record Number: 1989
Author(s): Gasse, Rosanne.
Contributor(s):
Title : Male Friendship in the Middle English Romance

Source: Proceedings of the Medieval Association of the Midwest , 3., ( 1995): Pages 80 - 93.
Year of Publication: 1995.

400. Record Number: 195
Author(s): Poos, L. R.
Contributor(s):
Title : Sex, Lies, and the Church Courts of Pre-Reformation England [gender in defamation cases].

Source: Journal of Interdisciplinary History (Full Text via JSTOR) 25, 4 (Spring 1995): 585-607. Link Info
Year of Publication: 1995.

401. Record Number: 634
Author(s): Townshend, David.
Contributor(s):
Title : Omissions, Emissions, Missionaries, and Master Signifiers in Norman Canterbury [gender in Goscelin's life of St. Augustine of Canterbury].

Source: Exemplaria: A Journal of Theory in Medieval and Renaissance Studies , 7., 2 (Fall 1995): Pages 291 - 315.
Year of Publication: 1995.

402. Record Number: 1354
Author(s): Johnston, Elva.
Contributor(s):
Title : Transforming Women in Irish Hagiography

Source: Peritia: Journal of the Medieval Academy of Ireland , 9., ( 1995): Pages 197 - 220.
Year of Publication: 1995.

403. Record Number: 438
Author(s): Howell, Martha.
Contributor(s):
Title : Rewriting Marriage in Late Medieval Douai [from emphasis on the conjugal pair to the interests of the next generation].

Source: Romanic Review , 86., 2 (March 1995): Pages 307 - 337. Special issue: The Production of Knowledge: Institutionalizing Sex, Gender, and Sexualiity in Medieval Discourse. Ed. by Kathryn Gravdal.
Year of Publication: 1995.

404. Record Number: 2525
Author(s): Gravdal, Kathryn.
Contributor(s):
Title : Confessing Incests: Legal Erasures and Literary Celebrations in Medieval France [a study of the narrative structures related to gender in six old French incest stories: "Dit de la bourgeoise de Rome," "Dit du boeuf," "Vie de Saint Grégoire," "La Manekine," "Roman du Comte d'Anjou," and "Belle Hélène de Constantinople"].

Source: Comparative Literature Studies , 32., 2 ( 1995): Pages 280 - 295.
Year of Publication: 1995.

405. Record Number: 6625
Author(s): Papka, Claudia Rattazzi.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Written Woman Writes: Caterina da Siena Between History and Hagiography, Body, and Text [the author argues that Catherine constructs her sanctity based on her body, both in terms of bodily suffering and her mystical assimiliation to the body of Christ, which allows her to take public action and have a public voice; her hagiographer Raymond of Capua prefers to emphasize gender, especially its negative stereotypes, and denies the body].

Source: Annali d'Italianistica , 13., ( 1995): Pages 131 - 149. Women Mystic Writers. Edited by Dino S. Cervigni
Year of Publication: 1995.

406. Record Number: 348
Author(s): Hale, Rosemary Drage.
Contributor(s):
Title : Taste and See, For God Is Sweet: Sensory Perception and Memory in Medieval Christian Mystical Experience

Source: Vox Mystica: Essays on Medieval Mysticism in Honor of Professor Valerie M Lagorio. Edited by Anne Clark Bartlett, Thomas H. Bestul, Janet Goebel, and William F. Pollard . D.S. Brewer, 1995. Annali d'Italianistica , 13., ( 1995): Pages 3 - 14.
Year of Publication: 1995.

407. Record Number: 398
Author(s): McSheffrey, Shannon.
Contributor(s):
Title : Literacy and the Gender Gap in the Late Middle Ages: Women and Reading in Lollard Communities

Source: Women, the Book and the Godly: Selected Proceedings of the St. Hilda's Conference, 1993. Volume 1 [Volume 2: Women, the Book and the Worldly]. Edited by Lesley Smith and Jane H. M. Taylor . D.S. Brewer, 1995. Annali d'Italianistica , 13., ( 1995): Pages 157 - 170.
Year of Publication: 1995.

408. Record Number: 354
Author(s): Bartlett, Anne Clark.
Contributor(s):
Title : A Reasonable Affection: Gender and Spiritual Friendship in Middle English Devotional Literature

409. Record Number: 440
Author(s): Solterer, Helen.
Contributor(s):
Title : Flaming Words: Verbal Violence and Gender in Premodern Paris [Christine de Pizan's invectives].

Source: Romanic Review , 86., 2 (March 1995): Pages 355 - 378. Special issue: The Production of Knowledge: Institutionalizing Sex, Gender, and Sexualiity in Medieval Discourse. Ed. by Kathryn Gravdal.
Year of Publication: 1995.

410. Record Number: 94
Author(s): Stowasser, Barbara.
Contributor(s):
Title : Impassioned Mother or Passive Icon: The Virgin's Role in Late Medieval and Early Modern Passion Sermons

Source: Renaissance Quarterly (Full Text via JSTOR) 48, 2 (Summer 1995): 227-261. Link Info
Year of Publication: 1995.

411. Record Number: 493
Author(s): Grossman, Janice.
Contributor(s):
Title : Tropes of Femininity and Monstrosity in Old English Poems [Thirtieth International Congress on Medieval Studies, the Medieval Institute, Western Michigan University, May 4-7, 1995. Thirtieth Symposium on the Sources of Anglo- Saxon Culture, co- sponsered by the Institute and CEMERS, Binghamton University. Session 244].

Source: Old English Newsletter , 28., 3 (Spring 1995):
Year of Publication: 1995.

412. Record Number: 31
Author(s): Stuard, Susan Mosher.
Contributor(s):
Title : Ancillary Evidence for the Decline of Medieval Slavery [Experience of women slaves in the countryside and in wealthy households counters the standard argument made about slavery. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Past and Present , 149 ( 1995): Pages 3 - 28. Republished in Considering Medieval Women and Gender. Susan Mosher Stuard. Ashgate Variorum, 2010. Chapter VII.
Year of Publication: 1995.

413. Record Number: 582
Author(s): McNamara, Jo Ann.
Contributor(s):
Title : Canossa and the Ungendering of the Public Man [men in religion and politics both acted to eliminate women's access to power and create a public space without women].

Source: Render Unto Caesar: The Religious Sphere in World Politics. Edited by Sabrina Petra Ramet and Donald W. Treadgold . American University Press, 1995. Past and Present , 149 ( 1995): Pages 131 - 150. Later published in Medieval Religion: New Approaches. Edited by Constance Hoffman Berman. Routledge, 2005. Pages 102-122.
Year of Publication: 1995.

414. Record Number: 342
Author(s): Ricke, Joseph M.
Contributor(s):
Title : Parody, Performance, and the "Ultimate" Meaning of Noah's Shrew

Source: Mediaevalia , 18., ( 1995): Pages 263 - 281. (1995 (for 1992)) Published by the Center for Medieval and Early Renaissance Studies, State University of New York at Binghamton
Year of Publication: 1995.

415. Record Number: 377
Author(s): Summit, Jennifer.
Contributor(s):
Title : William Caxton, Margaret Beaufort, and the Romance of Female Patronage ["Blanchardyn and Eglantine" as a sphere of masculine activity].

Source: Women, the Book and the Worldly: Selected Proceedings of the St. Hilda's Conference, 1993. Volume 2. [Volume 1: Women, the Book, and the Godly]. Edited by Lesley Smith and Jane H. M. Taylor . D.S.Brewer, 1995. Mediaevalia , 18., ( 1995): Pages 151 - 165.
Year of Publication: 1995.

416. Record Number: 617
Author(s): Biscoglio, Frances M.
Contributor(s):
Title : Fragmentation and Reconstruction: Images of the Female Body in "Ancrene Wisse" and the Katherine Group [images of the erotic, the maternal, the ascetic, and of fertility represent the union of the anchoress with Christ].

Source: Comitatus , 26., ( 1995): Pages 27 - 52. [Contributions are accepted from graduate students and those who have received their doctorates within the last three years]
Year of Publication: 1995.

417. Record Number: 233
Author(s): Biscoglio, Frances M.
Contributor(s):
Title : Unspun Heroes: Iconography of the Spinning Woman in the Middle Ages

Source: Journal of Medieval and Renaissance Studies , 25., 2 ( 1995): Pages 163 - 176.
Year of Publication: 1995.

418. Record Number: 1651
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : The New Judith: Teresa de Cartagena [analysis of the "Admiraçión operum dey," a defense of Teresa's first text, the "Arboleda de los enfermos"; the chapter focuses on three images in the text: bark/pith as a symbol for male and female and, as symbols of the author, the biblical Judith and the blind man on the road to Jericho].

Source: Writing Women in Late Medieval and Early Modern Spain: The Mothers of Saint Teresa of Avila. Ronald E. Surtz . University of Pennsylvania Press, 1995. Journal of Medieval and Renaissance Studies , 25., 2 ( 1995): Pages 21 - 40.
Year of Publication: 1995.

419. Record Number: 499
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : The Extended Polysemy of Old English "earg" [having the sense of unmanliness or unnatural behavior; Thirtieth International Congress on Medieval Studies, the Medieval Institute, Western Michigan University, May 4-7, 1995. Thirtieth Symposium on the Sources of Anglo- Saxon Culture, co- sponsered by the Institute and CEMERS, Binghamton University. Session 415.]

Source: Old English Newsletter , 28., 3 (Spring 1995):
Year of Publication: 1995.

420. Record Number: 346
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Spindle and the Sword: Gender, Sex, and Heroism in "Nibelungenlied" and "Kudrun"

Source: Germanic Review , 70., 3 (Summer 1995): Pages 106 - 115.
Year of Publication: 1995.

421. Record Number: 6627
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : St. Catherine of Siena in Late Medieval Britain: Feminizing Literary Reception Through Gender and Class [The author argues that the life and writings of St. Catherine had a great influence in England for 160 years following her death; she was valued for her role as a bridge between Christ and humanity, female and male, the lower social classes and the highe

Source: Annali d'Italianistica , 13., ( 1995): Pages 163 - 203. Women Mystic Writers. Edited by Dino S. Cervigni
Year of Publication: 1995.

422. Record Number: 153
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Good Women and Bonnes Dames: Virtuous Females in Chaucer and Christine de Pizan

Source: Chaucer Review , 30., 1 ( 1995): Pages 58 - 70.
Year of Publication: 1995.

423. Record Number: 1116
Author(s): Richards, Earl Jeffrey.
Contributor(s):
Title : In Search of a Feminist Patrology: Christine de Pizan and "les glorieux dotteurs" of the Church

Source: Edited by Liliane Dulac and Bernard Ribémont Mystics Quarterly , 21., 1 (March 1995): Pages 3 - 17. Later published in Une femme de Lettres au Moyen Age: Études autour de Christine de Pizan. Edited by Liliane Dulac and Bernard Ribémont. Paradigme, 1995. Pages 281-295
Year of Publication: 1995.

424. Record Number: 1118
Author(s): Peters, Brad.
Contributor(s):
Title : Rolle's Eroticized Language in "The Fire of Love" [in writing for a male audience, Rolle feminizes both the writer and the reader].

Source: Mystics Quarterly , 21., 2 (June 1995): Pages 51 - 58.
Year of Publication: 1995.

425. Record Number: 29
Author(s): Smith, Julia M H.
Contributor(s):
Title : Problem of Female Sanctity in Carolingian Europe c. 780-920

Source: Past and Present (Full Text via JSTOR) 146 (Feb. 1995): 3-37. Link Info
Year of Publication: 1995.

426. Record Number: 3009
Author(s): Segura Graiño, Cristina.
Contributor(s):
Title : Participación de las Mujeres en el Poder Político

Source: Anuario de Estudios Medievales , 25., 2 ( 1995): Pages 449 - 462.
Year of Publication: 1995.

427. Record Number: 1871
Author(s): Dallapiazza, Michael.
Contributor(s):
Title : Männlich-Weiblich: Bilder des Scheiterns in Gottfrieds "Tristan" und Wolframs "Titurel"

Source: Arthurian Romance and Gender. Selected Proceedings of the XVIIth International Arthurian Congress. Edited by Friedrich Wolfzettel Internationale Forschungen zur Allgemeinen und Vergleichenden Literaturwissenschaft . Rodopi, 1995. Anuario de Estudios Medievales , 25., 2 ( 1995): Pages 176 - 182.
Year of Publication: 1995.

428. Record Number: 1880
Author(s): Ihring, Peter.
Contributor(s):
Title : Die überlistete Laudine. Korrektur eines antihöfischen Weiblichkeitskonzepts in Chrétiens "Yvain"

429. Record Number: 25
Author(s): Fradenburg, Louise O. and Carla Freccero
Contributor(s):
Title : Pleasures of History

Source: GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies , 1., 4 ( 1995): Pages 371 - 384.
Year of Publication: 1995.

430. Record Number: 512
Author(s): Pedersen, Frederik.
Contributor(s):
Title : Demography in the Archives: Social and Geographical Factors in Fourteenth- Century York Cause Paper Marriage Litigation

Source: Continuity and Change , 10., 3 (Dec. 1995): Pages 405 - 436.
Year of Publication: 1995.

431. Record Number: 231
Author(s): Smith, Susan L.
Contributor(s):
Title : Bride Stripped Bare: A Rare Type of the Disrobing of Christ

Source: Gesta (Full Text via JSTOR) 34, 2 (1995): 126-146. Link Info
Year of Publication: 1995.

432. Record Number: 1161
Author(s): Ringrose, Kathryn M.
Contributor(s):
Title : Eunuchs as Cultural Mediators in Byzantium

Source: Byzantine Studies Conference. Abstracts of Papers , 21., ( 1995): Pages 57
Year of Publication: 1995.

433. Record Number: 92
Author(s): Shemek, Deanna
Contributor(s):
Title : Circular Definitions: Configuring Gender in Italian Renaissance Festival [races run by prostitutes in Ferrara's Palio di San Giogio].

Source: Renaissance Quarterly (Full Text via JSTOR) 48, 1 (Spring 1995): 1-40. Link Info
Year of Publication: 1995.

434. Record Number: 435
Author(s): Lomperis, Linda.
Contributor(s):
Title : Bodies That Matter in the Court of Late Medieval England and in Chaucer's "Miller's Tale" [Alisoun as a female impersonator and male homoeroticism at the court of Richard II].

Source: Romanic Review , 86., 2 (March 1995): Pages 243 - 264. Special issue: The Production of Knowledge: Institutionalizing Sex, Gender, and Sexualiity in Medieval Discourse. Ed. by Kathryn Gravdal.
Year of Publication: 1995.

435. Record Number: 436
Author(s): Kinoshita, Sharon.
Contributor(s):
Title : Politics of Courtly Love: "La Prise d' Orange" and The Conversion of the Saracen Queen

Source: Romanic Review , 86., 2 (March 1995): Pages 265 - 287. Special issue: The Production of Knowledge: Institutionalizing Sex, Gender, and Sexualiity in Medieval Discourse. Ed. by Kathryn Gravdal.
Year of Publication: 1995.

436. Record Number: 520
Author(s): Kinoshita, Sharon.
Contributor(s):
Title : Heldris de Cornüalle's "Roman de Silence" and the Feudal Politics of Lineage

Source: PMLA: Publications of the Modern Language Association of America (Full Text via JSTOR) 110, 3 (May 1995): 397-409. Link Info
Year of Publication: 1995.

437. Record Number: 2522
Author(s): Freccero, Carla.
Contributor(s):
Title : From Amazon to Court Lady: Generic Hybridization in Boccaccio's "Teseida" [analyzes feminine resistance and domestication as represented by Ipolita, Emilia, and the goddess Diana; also argues that Boccaccio combines the genres of heroic epic and courtly romance].

Source: Comparative Literature Studies , 32., 2 ( 1995): Pages 226 - 243.
Year of Publication: 1995.

438. Record Number: 27
Author(s): Gaunt, Simon.
Contributor(s):
Title : Straight Minds,"Queer" Wishes in Old French Hagiography: La Vie de Sainte Euphrosine

Source: GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies , 1., 4 ( 1995): Pages 439 - 457.
Year of Publication: 1995.

439. Record Number: 2526
Author(s): Kay, Sarah.
Contributor(s):
Title : Contesting "Romance Influence": The Poetics of the Gift [analyzes the figure of the Saracen princess in later "chansons de geste" ; aspects discussed are: the individual versus the political, sexual and gender identities, marriage as exchange, and the irony of control].

Source: Comparative Literature Studies , 32., 2 ( 1995): Pages 320 - 341.
Year of Publication: 1995.

440. Record Number: 353
Author(s): Armstrong, Elizabeth Psakis.
Contributor(s):
Title : Womanly Men and Manly Women in Thomas à Kempis and St. Teresa

Source: Vox Mystica: Essays on Medieval Mysticism in Honor of Professor Valerie M Lagorio. Edited by Anne Clark Bartlett, Thomas H. Bestul, Janet Goebel, and William F. Pollard . D.S. Brewer, 1995. Comparative Literature Studies , 32., 2 ( 1995): Pages 107 - 115.
Year of Publication: 1995.

441. Record Number: 517
Author(s): Robertson, Elizabeth.
Contributor(s):
Title : Medieval Female Subjectivity and the Church: A Modest Proposal for Future Research

Source: Aestel , 3., ( 1995): Pages 61 - 80.
Year of Publication: 1995.

442. Record Number: 1094
Author(s): Giladi, Avner.
Contributor(s):
Title : Gender Differences in Child Rearing and Education: Some Preliminary Observations with Reference to Medieval Muslim Thought [contrasts religious writings that offer women some protections and a measure of equality with such social customs as childhood rites, child marriage, and reactions to children's deaths, all cases in which the male was favored over the female].

Source: Al-Qantara , 16., 2 ( 1995): Pages 291 - 308.
Year of Publication: 1995.

443. Record Number: 8620
Author(s): Stock, Lorraine Kochanske.
Contributor(s):
Title : Arms and the (Wo)man in Medieval Romance: the Gendered Arming of Female Warriors in the "Roman d'Eneas" and Heldris's "Roman de Silence"

Source: Arthuriana , 5., 4 (Winter 1995): Pages 56 - 83.
Year of Publication: 1995.

444. Record Number: 331
Author(s): Schultz, James A.
Contributor(s):
Title : No Girls, No Boys, No Families: On the Construction of Childhood in Texts of the German Middle Ages

Source: JEGP: Journal of English and Germanic Philology , 94., 1 (Jan. 1995): Pages 59 - 81.
Year of Publication: 1995.

445. Record Number: 63
Author(s): Bitel, Lisa M.
Contributor(s):
Title : Do Not Marry the Fat Short One: The Early Irish Wisdom on Women

Source: Journal of Women's History , 6., 4 (Winter/Spring 1995): Pages 137 - 159. (6, 4 / 7, 1)
Year of Publication: 1995.

446. Record Number: 341
Author(s): Coletti, Theresa.
Contributor(s):
Title : Ther Be But Women: Gender Conflict and Gender Identity in the Middle English Innocents Plays [role of mothers versus the male sphere of public authority]

Source: Mediaevalia , 18., ( 1995): Pages 245 - 261. (1995 (for 1992)) Published by the Center for Medieval and Early Renaissance Studies, State University of New York at Binghamton
Year of Publication: 1995.

447. Record Number: 449
Author(s): Shklar, Ruth.
Contributor(s):
Title : Cobham's Daughter: "The Book of Margery Kempe" and the Power of Heterodox Thinking

Source: MLQ: Modern Language Quarterly , 56., 3 (Sept. 1995): Pages 277 - 304.
Year of Publication: 1995.

448. Record Number: 390
Author(s): Luongo, Thomas.
Contributor(s):
Title : Catherine of Siena: Rewriting Female Holy Authority [use of erotic imagery and transformations of gender].

Source: Women, the Book and the Godly: Selected Proceedings of the St. Hilda's Conference, 1993. Volume 1 [Volume 2: Women, the Book and the Worldly]. Edited by Lesley Smith and Jane H. M. Taylor . D.S. Brewer, 1995. MLQ: Modern Language Quarterly , 56., 3 (Sept. 1995): Pages 89 - 103.
Year of Publication: 1995.

449. Record Number: 452
Author(s): Børresen, Kari Elisabeth.
Contributor(s):
Title : Women's Studies of the Christian Tradition: New Perspectives

Source: Religion & Gender. Edited by Ursula King . Basil Blackwell, 1995. MLQ: Modern Language Quarterly , 56., 3 (Sept. 1995): Pages 245 - 255.
Year of Publication: 1995.

450. Record Number: 114
Author(s): Larrington, Carolyne.
Contributor(s):
Title : Leizla Rannveigar: Gender and Politics in the Otherworld Vision [sinful woman's vision of hell and heaven].

Source: Medium Aevum , 64., 2 ( 1995): Pages 232 - 249.
Year of Publication: 1995.

451. Record Number: 439
Author(s): Brownlee, Kevin.
Contributor(s):
Title : Widowhood, Sexuality, and Gender in Christine de Pizan

Source: Romanic Review , 86., 2 (March 1995): Pages 339 - 353. Special issue: The Production of Knowledge: Institutionalizing Sex, Gender, and Sexualiity in Medieval Discourse. Ed. by Kathryn Gravdal.
Year of Publication: 1995.

452. Record Number: 559
Author(s): Brownlee, Kevin.
Contributor(s):
Title : Rethinking Medieval French Graduate Studies: Syllabuses in Light of Gender Issues

Source: Medieval Feminist Newsletter , 19., (Spring 1995): Pages 23 - 24.
Year of Publication: 1995.

453. Record Number: 523
Author(s): Cox, Catherine S.
Contributor(s):
Title : Grope Wel Bihynde: The Subversive Erotics of Chaucer's Summoner

Source: Exemplaria: A Journal of Theory in Medieval and Renaissance Studies , 7., 1 (Spring 1995): Pages 145 - 177.
Year of Publication: 1995.

454. Record Number: 104
Author(s): Haywood, Louise M.
Contributor(s):
Title : Gradissa: A Fictional Female Reader in/of a Male Author's Text

Source: Medium Aevum , 64., 1 ( 1995): Pages 85 - 99.
Year of Publication: 1995.

455. Record Number: 518
Author(s): Pigg, Daniel F.
Contributor(s):
Title : Constructing a Voice for Chaucer's Second Nun: Martyrdom as Institutional Discourse

Source: Aestel , 3., ( 1995): Pages 81 - 95.
Year of Publication: 1995.

456. Record Number: 395
Author(s): Whalen, Georges.
Contributor(s):
Title : Patronage Engendered: How Goscelin Allayed the Concerns of Nuns' Discriminatory Publics [Anglo-Norman influences detrimental to women's monastic communities].

Source: Women, the Book and the Godly: Selected Proceedings of the St. Hilda's Conference, 1993. Volume 1 [Volume 2: Women, the Book and the Worldly]. Edited by Lesley Smith and Jane H. M. Taylor . D.S. Brewer, 1995. Aestel , 3., ( 1995): Pages 123 - 135.
Year of Publication: 1995.

457. Record Number: 551
Author(s): Watt, Diane.
Contributor(s):
Title : Conference Report: Gender and Medieval Studies [report on the 1995 annual conference of the Gender and Medieval Studies Group].

Source: Medieval Feminist Newsletter , 19., (Spring 1995): Pages 11
Year of Publication: 1995.

458. Record Number: 441
Author(s): Murray, Jacqueline.
Contributor(s):
Title : Thinking About Gender: The Diversity of Medieval Perspectives [two pastoral manual authors take different approaches to marriage].

Source: Power of the Weak: Studies on Medieval Women. A selection of a papers presented at the annual conference of the Centre for Medieval Studies, University of Toronto, Feb. 1990. Edited by Jennifer Carpenter and Sally- Beth MacLean . University of Illinois Press, 1995. Medieval Feminist Newsletter , 19., (Spring 1995): Pages 1 - 26. Republished in Women in the Medieval World. Edited by Cordelia Beattie. Routledge, 2017. Volume 1, pages 49-68.
Year of Publication: 1995.

459. Record Number: 232
Author(s): Wiesner-Hanks, Merry.
Contributor(s):
Title : Learned Task and Given to Men Alone: The Gendering of Tasks in Early Modern German Cities [division between production and reproduction].

Source: Journal of Medieval and Renaissance Studies , 25., 1 (Winter 1995): Pages 89 - 106.
Year of Publication: 1995.

460. Record Number: 245
Author(s): Kennedy, Thomas C.
Contributor(s):
Title : Translator's Voice in the Second Nun's "Invocacio": Gender, Influence, and Textuality

Source: Medievalia et Humanistica New Series , 22., ( 1995): Pages 95 - 110. Special issue: Diversity
Year of Publication: 1995.

461. Record Number: 3558
Author(s): Chojnacki, Stanley.
Contributor(s):
Title : Subaltern Patriarchs: Patrician Bachelors in Renaissance Venice [The author argues that unmarried male patricians had a lesser status than their brothers who married and became heads of families; nonetheless bachelors shared in the privileges of the patriarchal society including government offices].

Source: Medieval Masculinities: Regarding Men in the Middle Ages. Edited by Clare A. Lees with the assistance of Thelma Fenster and Jo Ann McNamara Medieval Cultures, 7. University of Minnesota Press, 1994. Medieval Feminist Newsletter , 17., (Summer 1994): Pages 73 - 90. Republished in slightly altered form as Subaltern Patriarchs: Patrician Bachelors. By Stanley Chojnacki. Women and Men in Renaissance Venice: Twelve Essays on Patrician Society. Johns Hopkins University Press, 2000. Pages 244-256.
Year of Publication: 1994.

462. Record Number: 5553
Author(s): Warner, Marina.
Contributor(s):
Title : Joan of Arc: A Gender Myth [The author examines two major issues: the question of witchcraft at Joan's trial and how her boyishness and cross dressing came in later centuries to be associated with female virtue].

Source: Joan of Arc: Reality and Myth. Edited by Jan van Herwaarden Publikaties van de Faculteit der Historische en Kunstwetenschappen. Maatschappijgeschiedenis . Verloren, 1994. Medieval Feminist Newsletter , 17., (Summer 1994): Pages 96 - 117.
Year of Publication: 1994.

463. Record Number: 8813
Author(s): Vitullo, Juliann
Contributor(s):
Title : Contained Conlict: Wild Men and Warrior Women in the Early Italian Epic [The author explores the figure of the Amazon in several Italian epics including "L'Aspramonte" and "Cantare d'Aspramonte" and the epics concerning Rinaldo da Montalbano. The author argues that the Italian epic writers figured Amazons and wild men as the Other (frequently literally for the women since they were often identified as Saracens) who were ultimately defeated by noble knights. The author argues that this theme was connected to social anxieties since the Italian elites needed to reiterate their superiority over all other social groups because they no longer performed the role of mounted knights. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Annali d'Italianistica , 12., ( 1994): Pages 39 - 59.
Year of Publication: 1994.

464. Record Number: 3562
Author(s): Baswell, Christopher.
Contributor(s):
Title : Men in the "Roman d'Eneas": The Construction of Empire [the author argues that the "Roman d'Eneas" is a controlled political and social work that confronts important issues in Angevin society including emergent manhood, patriarchal imperialism, and the limits of feminine power].

465. Record Number: 5515
Author(s): Lichtmann, Maria.
Contributor(s):
Title : Marguerite Porete and Meister Eckhart: The "Mirror of Simple Souls" Mirrored

Source: Meister Eckhart and the Beguine Mystics: Hadewijch of Brabant, Mechthild of Magdeburg, and Marguerite Porete. Edited by Bernard McGinn . Continuum, 1994. Annali d'Italianistica , 12., ( 1994): Pages 65 - 86.
Year of Publication: 1994.

466. Record Number: 16624
Author(s): Hughes, Diane Owen
Contributor(s):
Title : Mourning Rites, Memory, and Civilization in Premodern Italy [Diane Owen-Hughes argues that women's active role in mourning was a longstanding tradition of the Mediterranean and was frequently accomodated by Church officials. In late medieval Italy civic authorities acted to marginalize women's involvement by legislating their behavior, the kinds of mourning garb they could wear, and, in many cases, preventing even close female relatives from attending the funeral mass and burial. A male commemoration was given preference instead with men's funerary oratory and the new movement torward constructing elaborate tombs. Title note supplied by Feminae.]

Source: Riti e rituali nelle società medievali. Edited by Jacques Chiffoleau, Lauro Martines, and Agostino Paravicini Bagliani . Centro Italiano di Studi sull'Alto Medioevo, 1994. Medieval Feminist Newsletter , 17., (Summer 1994): Pages 23 - 38.
Year of Publication: 1994.

467. Record Number: 3560
Author(s): Spiegel, Harriet.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Male Animal in the "Fables" of Marie de France [The author explores both female and male worlds in both the public and private spheres].

468. Record Number: 11166
Author(s): Cormack, Margaret
Contributor(s):
Title : Visions, Demons, and Gender in the Sagas of Icelandic Saints

Source: Collegium Medievale , 7., ( 1994): Pages 185 - 209.
Year of Publication: 1994.

469. Record Number: 2725
Author(s): Stanbury, Sarah.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Body and the City in "Pearl" [argues that the narrator's loss of his infant daughter is the central issue in the poem and that the visions of the maiden, the city, and the Lamb are informed by the dreamer's work of mourning and quest for consolation].

Source: Representations (Full Text via JSTOR) 48 (Fall 1994): 30-47. Link Info
Year of Publication: 1994.

470. Record Number: 5516
Author(s): Hollywood, Amy.
Contributor(s):
Title : Suffering Transformed: Marguerite Porete, Meister Eckhart, and the Problem of Women's Spirituality [the author argues that both Porete and Eckhart questioned the value of asceticism, mystical phenomena, and visionary experiences, all associated with women's spirituality; they favored instead a move toward detachment and sought to relieve religious women's suffering].

Source: Meister Eckhart and the Beguine Mystics: Hadewijch of Brabant, Mechthild of Magdeburg, and Marguerite Porete. Edited by Bernard McGinn . Continuum, 1994. Pages 87 - 113.
Year of Publication: 1994.

471. Record Number: 3557
Author(s): Stuard, Susan Mosher.
Contributor(s):
Title : Burdens of Matrimony: Husbanding and Gender in Medieval Italy [The author argues that the emerging role for husbands as the custodians of their wives and their wives' properties restricted men's lives].

Source: Medieval Masculinities: Regarding Men in the Middle Ages. Edited by Clare A. Lees with the assistance of Thelma Fenster and Jo Ann McNamara Medieval Cultures, 7. University of Minnesota Press, 1994. Pages 61 - 71. Later reprinted in Debating the Middle Ages: Issues and Readings. Edited by Lester K. Little and Barbara H. Rosenwein. Blackwell Publishers, 1998. Pages 290-298. Also reprinted in Considering Medieval Women and Gender. Susan Mosher Stuard. Ashgate Variorum, 2010. Chapter III.
Year of Publication: 1994.

472. Record Number: 5517
Author(s): Sells, Michael.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Pseudo-Woman and the Meister: "Unsaying" and Essentialism ["In this essay, I will focus on the concept of the 'work' of the divine, first in Porete, then in Eckhart. I will examine how in each author the conception of the divine work is central to the destabilizing of essentialist notions of deity, of humanity, and of gender (in both the divine and the human realms). I will suggest that it is within the theme of the divine work in the world that the conversation between Eckhart and Porete's mystical languages is at its deepest. The essay will close with some questions concerning the relationship of the standard categories of male writer and female writer to two major writers (and schools) that differ so radically from such categories" (Pages 116-117)].

Source: Meister Eckhart and the Beguine Mystics: Hadewijch of Brabant, Mechthild of Magdeburg, and Marguerite Porete. Edited by Bernard McGinn . Continuum, 1994. Pages 114 - 146.
Year of Publication: 1994.

473. Record Number: 3554
Author(s): McNamara, Jo Ann.
Contributor(s):
Title : The "Herrenfrage" : The Restructuring of the Gender System, 1050-1150

474. Record Number: 5518
Author(s): Woods, Richard, O. P.
Contributor(s):
Title : Conclusion: Women and Men in the Development of Late Medieval Mysticism [The author briefly considers some of the female mystics whose writings influenced Eckhart, including Hadewijch of Antwerp, Mechthild of Magdeburg, and Marguerite Porete].

Source: Meister Eckhart and the Beguine Mystics: Hadewijch of Brabant, Mechthild of Magdeburg, and Marguerite Porete. Edited by Bernard McGinn . Continuum, 1994. Pages 147 - 164.
Year of Publication: 1994.

475. Record Number: 3559
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Friars, Sanctity, and Gender: Mendicant Encounters with Saints, 1250-1325 [comparison and contrast of female and male saints supported by the mendicants; topics explored include renunciation of the world, religious confidants or confessors, the amount of interaction the saint had with her/his mendicant venerators, and the saints' inner life and interaction with God].

476. Record Number: 3521
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Introduction: Women's Creativity in Religious Context [The author poses three questions for discussion: 1) How did the severe restriction of women's roles within the Church affect their self-expression; 2) What was distinctively female about these female lives; 3) Who were their audiences].

Source: Creative Women in Medieval and Early Modern Italy: A Religious and Artistic Renaissance. Edited by E. Ann Matter and John Coakley . University of Pennsylvania Press, 1994. Pages 1 - 16.
Year of Publication: 1994.

477. Record Number: 1239
Author(s): Winstead, Karen A.
Contributor(s):
Title : Capgrave's Saint Katherine and the Perils of Gynecocracy

Source: Viator , 25., ( 1994): Pages 361 - 376.
Year of Publication: 1994.

478. Record Number: 4402
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Diminished by Kindness: Frederick Klaeber's Rewriting of Wealhtheow [The author argues that Klaeber was so influenced by his nineteenth century background (in which women were only mothers and had no power) that he mistranslated words to avoid Wealhtheow's power and political maneuvering].

Source: JEGP: Journal of English and Germanic Philology , 93., 2 (April 1994): Pages 183 - 203.
Year of Publication: 1994.

479. Record Number: 2730
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Flesh and Flood: The Function of Female Asceticism in the Digby "Mary Magdalene"

Source: Philological Quarterly , 73., 4 (Fall 1994): Pages 385 - 401.
Year of Publication: 1994.

480. Record Number: 3622
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : The Second Sex in Komnenian Courts

Source: Byzantine Studies Conference. Abstracts of Papers , 20., ( 1994): Pages 23 - 24.
Year of Publication: 1994.

481. Record Number: 1883
Author(s): Smartt, Daniel.
Contributor(s):
Title : Cruising Twelfth-Century Pilgrims [analysis of the sexual elements found in the Moissac "Luxuria" and a miracle story involving male pilgrims].

Source: Edited by Whitney Davis Journal of Homosexuality , 27., 40180 ( 1994): Pages 35 - 55. Published simultaneously in Gay and Lesbian Studies in Art History. Edited by Whitney Davis. Haworth Press, 1994. 35-55
Year of Publication: 1994.

482. Record Number: 2277
Author(s): Karras, Ruth Mazo.
Contributor(s):
Title : Desire, Descendants, and Dominance: Slavery, the Exchange of Women, and Masculine Power [discusses men's purchase of control over women's sexuality in the cases of female slaves and of wives].

Source: The Work of Work: Servitude, Slavery, and Labor in Medieval England. Edited by Allen J. Frantzen and Douglas Moffat . Cruithne Press, 1994. Journal of Homosexuality , 27., 40180 ( 1994): Pages 16 - 29.
Year of Publication: 1994.

483. Record Number: 1958
Author(s): Christie, Niall.
Contributor(s):
Title : Troubadour or Trobairitz? Inconsistent Gender Markings in Paris, Bibliothèque Nationale, Ms. fr. 844 [analysis of the Countess de Dia's "A chanta m'er de so qu'ieu no volria"].

Source: Manuscripta , 38., 3 (November 1994): Pages 205 - 206.
Year of Publication: 1994.

484. Record Number: 1407
Author(s): Leicester, H. Marshall, Jr.
Contributor(s):
Title : Newer Currents in Psychoanalytic Criticism, and the Difference "It" Makes: Gender and Desire in the "Miller's Tale" [psychoanalytic and post-Lacanian feminist gender theory applied to the figure of Alisoun].

Source: ELH: A Journal of English Literary History (Full Text via JSTOR) 61, 3 (Autumn 1994): 473-499. Link Info
Year of Publication: 1994.

485. Record Number: 8479
Author(s): Gilchrist, Roberta.
Contributor(s):
Title : Medieval Bodies in the Material World: Gender, Stigma, and the Body [ The author addresses two issues, one of which concerns the defining of the gendered female body through high status architecture. The author compares the spaces for women in castles with female monasteries. She finds segregation and enclosure in both with physical boundaries to control access. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Framing Medieval Bodies. Edited by Sarah Kay and Miri Rubin . Manchester University Press, 1994. Pages 43 - 61.
Year of Publication: 1994.

486. Record Number: 6593
Author(s): Horner, Shari.
Contributor(s):
Title : En/closed Subjects: "The Wife's Lament" and the Culture of Early Medieval Female Monasticism [The author argues that "The Wife's Lament" should be read within the context of female monastic enclosure; the repeated gendered acts establish a feminine speaking self].

Source: Aestel , 2., ( 1994): Pages 45 - 61.
Year of Publication: 1994.

487. Record Number: 1325
Author(s): Thompson, Augustine, O.P.
Contributor(s):
Title : Hildegard of Bingen on Gender and the Priesthood

Source: Church History (Full Text via JSTOR) 63, 3 (Sept. 1994): 349-364. Link Info
Year of Publication: 1994.

488. Record Number: 8480
Author(s): Rubin, Miri.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Person in the Form: Medieval Challenges to Bodily "Order" [The author discusses a number of instances in which the order and hierarchy of the body were violated. In terms of gender issues, the author briefly considers hermaphrodites, Jews accused of performing abortions, and the doubts a peasant woman near Montaillou had about Christ's divinity because of her horror at the shameful filth that the Virgin Mary must have delivered in childbirth along with the infant Christ. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Framing Medieval Bodies. Edited by Sarah Kay and Miri Rubin . Manchester University Press, 1994. Pages 100 - 122.
Year of Publication: 1994.

489. Record Number: 3561
Author(s): Lees, Clare A.
Contributor(s):
Title : Men and "Beowulf" [The author argues that the masculinity in "Beowulf" is not as transparent as earlier critics have thought; the poem is both appreciative and critical of the patriarchal warriors].

Source: Medieval Masculinities: Regarding Men in the Middle Ages. Edited by Clare A. Lees with the assistance of Thelma Fenster and Jo Ann McNamara Medieval Cultures, 7. University of Minnesota Press, 1994. Pages 129 - 148. Reprinted in The Postmodern "Beowulf": A Critical Casebook. Edited by Eileen A. Joy and Mary K. Ramsey with the assistance of Bruce D. Gilchrist. West Virginia University Press, 2006. Pages 417-438.
Year of Publication: 1994.

490. Record Number: 4960
Author(s): Voaden, Rosalynn.
Contributor(s):
Title : Conference Report [report on the 1994 annual conference of the Gender and Medieval Studies Group].

Source: Medieval Feminist Newsletter , 17., (Summer 1994): Pages 5
Year of Publication: 1994.

491. Record Number: 5834
Author(s): Tarbin, Stephanie.
Contributor(s):
Title : Knowledge and Gender: The "Malleus Malificarum" of 1485 [The author argues that the "Malleus" equates the Church with masculine power and knowledge while witchcraft, female nature, and devils all share the same negative characteristics].

Source: Sexuality and Gender in History: Selected Essays. Edited by Penelope Hetherington and Philippa Maddern . Centre for Western Australian History, University of Western Australia, 1993. Studies in Iconography , 15., ( 1993): Pages 45 - 62.
Year of Publication: 1993.

492. Record Number: 11206
Author(s): Giannarelli, Elena.
Contributor(s):
Title : Women and Miracles in Christian Biography, (IVth-Vth centuries) [While miracles are a common feature in saint’s lives, the only saints who actually work miracles are male. Female saints, rather than making miracles happen, have miraculous things happen to them. Christian biographers use miraculous signs and omens exterior to woman herself in order to demonstrate the saintly status of the woman. They do not relate miraculous actions performed by the woman herself. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Studia Patristica , 25., ( 1993): Pages 376 - 380. Papers presented at the Eleventh International Conference on Patristic Studies held in Oxford 1991. Biblica et Apocrypha, Orientalia, Ascetica
Year of Publication: 1993.

493. Record Number: 5335
Author(s): O'Brien, Dennis J.
Contributor(s):
Title : Warrior Queen: The Character of Zenobia According to Giovanni Boccaccio, Christine de Pizan, and Sir Thomas Elyot [The author argues that Boccaccio describes Zenobia in misogynistic terms, while Christine de Pizan emphasizes her moral intergrity and natural skills at politics and governing].

Source: Medieval Perspectives , 8., ( 1993): Pages 53 - 68.
Year of Publication: 1993.

494. Record Number: 12728
Author(s): Hull, Vida J.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Sex of the Savior in Renaissance Art: The Revelations of Saint Bridget and the Nude Christ Child in Renaissance Art [Bridget's description of the nude Christ child at the Nativity, written during the fourteenth century, had a strong influence on fifteenth century visual representations of the Christ child, who was often depicted as naked infant with genitals in open view. The exposure of the Christ child's penis is a moment of revelation that displays His gender and also exemplifies His humanity. This was a common motif in the Brigittine scenes of the Nativity and the Adoration of the Shepherds, but was later transferred into other contexts, such as the Adoration of the Magi and devotional images of the Virgin and Child. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Studies in Iconography , 15., ( 1993): Pages 77 - 112.
Year of Publication: 1993.

495. Record Number: 9528
Author(s): Mitchell, Linda E.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Lady is a Lord: Noble Widows and Land in Thirteenth-Century Britain [Independent noble widows were common in medieval England; many chose to remain single after the death of a husband, thereby holding large amounts of land and maintaining control over their families and their tenants. These women actively participated in the public sphere, and social class carried greater importance than gender in defining their roles. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Historical Reflections/ Reflexions historiques , 18., 1 (Winter 1992): Pages 71 - 97.
Year of Publication: 1992.

496. Record Number: 9458
Author(s): Bartlett, Anne Clark.
Contributor(s):
Title : “Delicious Matyr”: Feminine Courtesy in Middle English Devotional Literature for Women [The author explores how devotional texts addressed to women readers often used the discourses of courtly literature and romances, while at the same time critiquing these literary conventions. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Essays in Medieval Studies , 9., ( 1992): Pages 9 - 18.
Year of Publication: 1992.

497. Record Number: 9493
Author(s): Stuard, Susan Mosher.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Chase after Theory: Considering Medieval Women [The article surveys trends in women’s studies and historiography during the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Gender and History , 4., 2 ( 1992): Pages 135 - 146. Republished in Considering Medieval Women and Gender. Susan Mosher Stuard. Ashgate Variorum, 2010. Chapter XII.
Year of Publication: 1992.

498. Record Number: 10009
Author(s): Bruckner, Matilda Tomaryn.
Contributor(s):
Title : Fictions of the Female Voice: The Women Troubadours [Trobairitz (female troubadours) experimented with literary and cultural definitions of sex and gender in their poetry. They manipulated a very conventional form (a male speaker addressing a distant, silent lady) and invented their own distinctive literary versions of the female voice. Even though it is hard to define, the notion of voice in literary texts is a powerful concept for feminist writers. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Speculum , 67., 4 (October 1992): Pages 865 - 891.
Year of Publication: 1992.

499. Record Number: 8629
Author(s): Gibson, Joan.
Contributor(s):
Title : Could Christ Have Been Born a Woman? A Medieval Debate [The author examines medieval commentaries on Christ’s sex and gender, in particular focusing on responses to the question of whether Christ could have been incarnated as a woman instead of a man. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Journal of Feminist Studies in Religion , 8., 1 (Spring 1992): Pages 65 - 82.
Year of Publication: 1992.

500. Record Number: 9455
Author(s): Calabrese, Michael.
Contributor(s):
Title : The “Double Sorwe” of the Wife of Bath: Chaucer and the Misogynist Tradition [Although the Wife of Bath can be read as a strong voice of defiance against male authority, she is ultimately an ambivalent figure. She expresses both anger and sorrow in response to conflicting and contradictory male attitudes toward marriage, female sexuality, and the worth of women. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Florilegium , 11., ( 1992): Pages 179 - 205.
Year of Publication: 1992.

501. Record Number: 4630
Author(s): González-Casanovas, R. J.
Contributor(s):
Title : Marian Devotion as Gendered Discourse in Berceo and Alfonso X: Popular Reception of the "Milagros" and "Cantigas" [the author compares two miracle stories that appear in both Berceo and Alfonso X, "The Marvelous Birth" and "The Drunk Monk;" the author argues that gender plays a major role for both authors, with Berceo transforming the Virgin Mary into a cultural icon of chivalry, while Alfonso "reintroduces the maternal imagery into his 'Cantigas de Santa Maria' in such a way that it humanizes the effects of an embodied devotion and socializes the effects of a spiritualized courtesy" (Page 23)].

Source: Bulletin of the Cantigueiros de Santa Maria , 4., (Spring 1992): Pages 17 - 31.
Year of Publication: 1992.

502. Record Number: 8703
Author(s): Gravdal, Kathryn.
Contributor(s):
Title : Metaphor, Metonymy, and the Medieval Women Trobairitz [The author argues that the metaphorical expressions of the troubadour’s love and suffering before an all-powerful "domna" figure him as a woman. The female trobairitz counter this self-serving construction of gender by creating songs in which women have the possibility of self-expression and agency. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Romanic Review , 83., 4 ( 1992): Pages 411 - 426.
Year of Publication: 1992.

503. Record Number: 10366
Author(s): Bernstein, Joanne G.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Female Model and the Renaissance Nude: Durer, Giorgione, and Raphael

Source: Artibus et Historiae , 13., 26 ( 1992): Pages 49 - 63.
Year of Publication: 1992.

504. Record Number: 11121
Author(s): Brabant, Margaret and Michael Brint
Contributor(s):
Title : Identity and Difference in Christine de Pizan's "Cité des Dames" [The author explores tensions within the "Cité des dames." Christine frequently calls on universal Christian values, but she also gives voice to others, in particular women who have been marginalized. By demonstrating a mutual respect for these differences, Christine skillfully navigates between universalism and a politics of the other. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Politics, Gender, and Genre: The Political Thought of Christine de Pizan. Edited by Margaret Brabant . Westview Press, 1992. Studia Patristica , 25., ( 1993): Pages 207 - 222.
Year of Publication: 1992.

505. Record Number: 10741
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Marriage, Family, and Patriarchy in Douai, 1350-1600 [The author explores the variety of documentary sources available in Douai for understanding gender differences in marriage and inheritance. Over the time span under consideration, maritalm property arrangements changed from favoring the couple to protecting the lineage. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Marriage and Social Mobility in the Late Middle Ages/Marriage et mobilité sociale au bas moyen-âge. Handelingen van het colloquieum gehouden te Gent op 18 april 1988. Edited by W. Prevenier Studia Historica Gandensia . Department of History of the Arts Faculty of the University of Gent, 1992. Artibus et Historiae , 13., 26 ( 1992): Pages 7 - 39. Second printing, revised and corrected by the editor
Year of Publication: 1992.

506. Record Number: 10763
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Difference and the Difference it Makes: Sex and Gender in Chaucer's Poetry [The author briefly considers three passages from Chaucer in answering whether Chaucher was "woman's friend." Delany argues for ambiguity citing both the creative power of some of his female characters and the profound exclusion of women from many parts of English society. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: A Wyf Ther Was: Essays in Honour of Paule Mertens-Fonck. Edited by Juliette Dor . English Department, University of Liège, 1992. Artibus et Historiae , 13., 26 ( 1992): Pages 103 - 111.
Year of Publication: 1992.

507. Record Number: 7346
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Geographies of Desire: Orientalism in Chaucer's Legend of Good Women [The author compares cultural and racial forms of medieval alterity with the category of gender in the Legend of Good Women. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Chaucer Yearbook , 1., ( 1992): Pages 1 - 32.
Year of Publication: 1992.

508. Record Number: 8701
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : From Epic to Romance: Gender and Sexuality in the "Roman d’Enéas" [The author argues that the "Roman d’Enéas" represents a major ideological shift from epic to romance. Here the male hero is foregrounded at the expense of the group, and his bonds with other males are now mediated by women compliant to patriarchal values. The homophobic sentiments expressed by some of the characters spring from the underlying homosocial desire present throughout the romance. Feminist and queer theory form the framework for the author's reading. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Romanic Review , 83., 1 ( 1992): Pages 1 - 27.
Year of Publication: 1992.

509. Record Number: 7420
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : The Issue of Feminine Monstrosity: A Reevaluation of Grendel's Mother [The author argues that labeling Grendel's mother "monstrous" is a relatively recent trend, originating not in the text itself (which calls her a "lady" and a "warrior"), but in translations and literary critical treatments of the text. The author argues that Grendel's mother was considered terrible because she violated gender norms. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Comitatus , 23., ( 1992): Pages 1 - 16.
Year of Publication: 1992.

510. Record Number: 10193
Author(s): Justice, Steven.
Contributor(s):
Title : Þeah seo bryd duge!: The Freoðuwebbe in Anglo-Saxon Literature and Society

Source: Old English Newsletter , 25., 3 (Spring 1992): Appendix A: Abstracts of Papers in Anglo-Saxon Studies. Conference paper presented at the Twenty-Seventh Congress on Medieval Studies, Western Michigan University, May 7-10, 1992, Session 16: "Old English Literature I
Year of Publication: 1992.

511. Record Number: 10764
Author(s): Monroe, James T.
Contributor(s):
Title : Quarrels, Rivals, and Rape: Gower and Chaucer [The author argues that the tradition of a quarrel between Chaucer and Gower simply valorizes aggression. Dinshaw suggests instead that Gower's texts should be read along with Chaucer's to avoid violent denigration of the female. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: A Wyf Ther Was: Essays in Honour of Paule Mertens-Fonck. Edited by Juliette Dor . English Department, University of Liège, 1992. Old English Newsletter , 25., 3 (Spring 1992): Pages 112 - 122.
Year of Publication: 1992.

512. Record Number: 10519
Author(s): Thomasset, Claude.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Nature of Woman [The author provides an overview of medieval representations of women and sexuality through medical treatises (texts concerning female anatomy and physiology) and related writings by theologians and physicians. Galen’s theory that the female internal organs were the inverse of the male sexual organ was very influential, but writers developed diverse and contradictory opinions on the nature of female sex organs, the function of menstrual blood, and the process of determining the gender of a fetus during pregnancy. Writers also expressed anxiety about the ways women shared sexual knowledge with each other, how women derived pleasures from sex, and what caused various illnesses in women. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: A History of Women in the West. Volume 2: Silences of the Middle Ages. Edited by Christiane Klapisch-Zuber . Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1992. Old English Newsletter , 25., 3 (Spring 1992): Pages 43 - 69.
Year of Publication: 1992.

513. Record Number: 9465
Author(s): Karras, Ruth Mazo.
Contributor(s):
Title : Gendered Sin and Misogyny in John of Bromyard’s "Summa Predicantium" [The author examines misogyny in the “Summa Predicantium,” a popular compendium of exempla (stories offering moral lessons). In these stories, Bromyard’s female characters are more often figures of vice than virtue; however, the exempla are not inherently misogynist in this regard because the male characters are equally sinful. What makes Bromyard a misogynist is the root of these characters’ sins: Women commit sins because of their femininity; men commit them because they are human (not because they are male). Moreover, women are disproportionately depicted as lustful. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Traditio , 47., ( 1992): Pages 233 - 257.
Year of Publication: 1992.

514. Record Number: 7413
Author(s): Hahn, Thomas.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Performance of Gender in the Prioress [The author argues that Chaucer's Prioress both wears a kind of "mask of womanliness," and also identifies herself with a predominantly masculine Christian community by performing femininity. Title note supplied by Feminae].

Source: Chaucer Yearbook , 1., ( 1992): Pages 111 - 134.
Year of Publication: 1992.

515. Record Number: 11432
Author(s): Miller, Dean A.
Contributor(s):
Title : Byzantine Sovereignty and Feminine Potencies [The author explores a variety of situations in which the Byzantine emperor was invested with or connected to feminine characteristics. This ranges from nurturing and merciful power to associations with Sophia (Holy Wisdom) and the Theotokos (the Virgin as God-Bearer). Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Women and Sovereignty. Edited by Louise Olga Fradenburg. Cosmos: The Yearbook of the Traditional Cosmology Society, volume 7 Cosmos: The Yearbook of the Traditional Cosmology Society, 7. Edinburgh University Press, 1992. Chaucer Yearbook , 1., ( 1992): Pages 250 - 263.
Year of Publication: 1992.

516. Record Number: 10522
Author(s): Frugoni, Chiara.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Imagined Woman [The author provides an overview of visual representations of women in the medieval Christian West. Women were represented in a variety of art forms (including manuscripts, paintings, frescos, and sculptures). These images of women reflected perceived expectations of their roles (as virgins, wives, or widows) and reinforced Church doctrine on the sexual regulation of women, women’s roles within marriage, and women’s perceived duties within the domestic and religious spheres. The author argues that most of these representations are misogynistic; although women sometimes appear as saints (like the Virgin Mary) they often take the form of sinners and temptresses (like Eve). The author also examines how the visual arts use women as personifications of virtues and vices or other abstract concepts. In addition, the author argues that images provide insights into women’s private and daily lives, as well as the nature of women’s literacy and the variety of their occupations. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: A History of Women in the West. Volume 2: Silences of the Middle Ages. Edited by Christiane Klapisch-Zuber . Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1992. Chaucer Yearbook , 1., ( 1992): Pages 336 - 422.
Year of Publication: 1992.

517. Record Number: 9527
Author(s): Banner, Lois.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Fashionable Sex, 1100-1600 [The bodies of young men were often eroticized in late medieval and early modern Europe. Men’s clothing emphasized parts of the body associated with male sexuality and power, with shoes emphasizing the feet, fitted tights and trousers highlighting the legs, and codpieces drawing attention to the genitals. Clothing also indicated social class; for instance, poulaines (long, slender shoes) were associated with aristocrats and broad, short shoes with peasants. Changes in warfare and in social attitudes influenced evolving male fashions. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: History Today , 42., (April 1992): Pages 37 - 44.
Year of Publication: 1992.

518. Record Number: 10767
Author(s): Evans, Ruth.
Contributor(s):
Title : Feminist Re-Enactments: Gender and the Towneley "Vxor Noe"

Source: A Wyf Ther Was: Essays in Honour of Paule Mertens-Fonck. Edited by Juliette Dor . English Department, University of Liège, 1992. History Today , 42., (April 1992): Pages 141 - 154.
Year of Publication: 1992.

519. Record Number: 6838
Author(s): Grauer, A. L.
Contributor(s):
Title : Life Patterns of Women from Medieval York [The author examined skeletal remains from a poor parish in medieval York to learn more about the demography, health, and life expectancies of women. The author found more women than men in the cemetery and that more women than men died between the ages of 25 and 35. Because women's skeletons showed fewer signs of stressors, the author theorizes that women were less able than men to fight off serious diseases or injuries. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: The Archaeology of Gender: Proceedings of the Twenty-Second Annual Conference of the Archaeological Association of the University of Calgary. Edited by Dale Walde and Noreen D. Willows . University of Calgary Archaeology Association, 1991. Chaucer Review , 26., 2 ( 1991): Pages 407 - 413.
Year of Publication: 1991.

520. Record Number: 10693
Author(s): Vasvari, Louise O.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Battle of Flesh and Lent in the Libro del Arçipreste: Gastro-genital Rites of Reversal [The author considers the ritualistic carnivalesque "battle"between the feminine, emaciated Lent and the masculine, corpulent Flesh in the "Libro de Buen Amor." Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Corónica , 20., 1 (Spring 1991): Pages 1 - 15.
Year of Publication: 1991.

521. Record Number: 10732
Author(s): Bynum, Caroline Walker.
Contributor(s):
Title : Women’s Stories, Women’s Symbols: A Critique of Victor Turner’s Theory of Liminality [The author critiques Turner’s theories of liminality, arguing that women are fully liminal only to men. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Fragmentation and Redemption: Essays on Gender and the Human Body in Medieval Religion. Caroline Walker Bynum . MIT Press, 1991. Corónica , 20., 1 (Spring 1991): Pages 27 - 52.
Year of Publication: 1991.

522. Record Number: 10736
Author(s): Bynum, Caroline Walker.
Contributor(s):
Title : “...And Woman His Humanity”: Female Imagery in the Religious Writing of the Later Middle Ages [The essay argues that late medieval writers used gendered imagery in different ways: while male writers saw gender as dichotomous, women writers often used the same imagery to represent a genderless humanity. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Fragmentation and Redemption: Essays on Gender and the Human Body in Medieval Religion. Caroline Walker Bynum . MIT Press, 1991. Corónica , 20., 1 (Spring 1991): Pages 151 - 180.
Year of Publication: 1991.

523. Record Number: 10738
Author(s): Bynum, Caroline Walker.
Contributor(s):
Title : Material Continuity, Personal Survival and the Resurrection of the Body: A Scholastic Discussion in Its Medieval and Modern Contexts [The essay discusses the medieval scholastic debates about the doctrine of the resurrection of the body, and argues that the modern era sees material continuity as no less essential for personal survival. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Fragmentation and Redemption: Essays on Gender and the Human Body in Medieval Religion. Caroline Walker Bynum . MIT Press, 1991. Corónica , 20., 1 (Spring 1991): Pages 239 - 298.
Year of Publication: 1991.

524. Record Number: 10887
Author(s): Coakley, John
Contributor(s):
Title : Gender and the Authority of Friars: The Significance of Holy Women for Thirteenth-Century Franciscans and Dominicans [In their letters and other writings, friars often reflected on their relationships with devout women. As preachers, friars exerted pastoral authority over devout women, but they also saw these particular women as having a privileged relationship with God. Although the friars admired the close relationship these women had with the divine, they also asserted their own distance and superiority over the women along the lines of gender difference. At the same time, the friars used gender difference as a means of expressing doubts about themselves and the limits of their own powers. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Church History , 60., 4 ( 1991): Pages 445 - 460.
Year of Publication: 1991.

525. Record Number: 13054
Author(s): Germain, Ellen.
Contributor(s):
Title : Lunete, Women, and Power in Chrétien's "Yvain" [One of the Curtain Talk given before performances of "The Lark." Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Romance Quarterly , 38., 1 (February 1991): Pages 15 - 25.
Year of Publication: 1991.

526. Record Number: 13053
Author(s): Howell, Martha C.
Contributor(s):
Title : A Feminist Historian Looks at the New Historicism: What's So Historical About It?

Source: Women's Studies , 19., 2 ( 1991): Pages 139 - 147.
Year of Publication: 1991.

527. Record Number: 11803
Author(s): Migiel, Marilyn.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Dignity of Man: A Feminist Perspective [The author reveals previously un-discussed ironies in Gelli’s La Circe, focusing on the dialogue between Ulysses and Circe. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Refiguring Woman: Perspectives on Gender and the Italian Renaissance. Edited by Marilyn Migiel and Juliana Schiesari . Cornell University Press, 1991. Women's Studies , 19., 2 ( 1991): Pages 211 - 232.
Year of Publication: 1991.

528. Record Number: 11802
Author(s): Freccero, Carla.
Contributor(s):
Title : Economy, Woman, and Renaissance Discourse [Using Marxist theory, the author argues that patriarchal ideology is particularly visible in Renaissance writings on education and family. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

529. Record Number: 16592
Author(s): Solterer, Helen.
Contributor(s):
Title : Figures of Female Militancy in Medieval France [The article discusses the sexual dimensions of medieval tournaments, and shows that the gender roles enforced by chivalry do not change much when women are represented as warriors and combatants. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society (Full Text via JSTOR) 16, 3 (Spring 1991): 522-549. Link Info
Year of Publication: 1991.

530. Record Number: 11801
Author(s): Strocchia, Sharon T.
Contributor(s):
Title : Funerals and the Politics of Gender in Early Renaissance Florence [The author shows that changing funeral practices in early Renaissance Florence intersected with political changes, and demonstrates that funerals became increasingly gendered rituals. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Refiguring Woman: Perspectives on Gender and the Italian Renaissance. Edited by Marilyn Migiel and Juliana Schiesari . Cornell University Press, 1991. Pages 155 - 168.
Year of Publication: 1991.

531. Record Number: 10698
Author(s): de Looze, Laurence.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Gender of Fiction: Womanly Poetics in Jean Renart's "Guillaume de Dole" [The author argues that the "Guillaume de Dole" reconciles male and female poetics, particularly through the figure of Lienor. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: French Review , 64., 4 (March 1991): Pages 596 - 606.
Year of Publication: 1991.

532. Record Number: 11083
Author(s): Baldwin, John W.
Contributor(s):
Title : Five Discourses on Desire: Sexuality and Gender in Northern France Around 1200 [The author examines works by five different authors in order to determine the various ways in which sexual desire (homosexual as well as heterosexual) and gender were understood in thirteenth-century France. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Speculum , 66., 4 ( 1991): Pages 797 - 819.
Year of Publication: 1991.

533. Record Number: 11800
Author(s): Chojnacki, Stanley.
Contributor(s):
Title : “The Most Serious Duty”: Motherhood, Gender, and Patrician Culture in Renaissance Venice [The essay analyzes the gendered child-rearing roles of patrician families in republican Venice, and shows that women were able to work with or against the wishes of their husbands. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Refiguring Woman: Perspectives on Gender and the Italian Renaissance. Edited by Marilyn Migiel and Juliana Schiesari . Cornell University Press, 1991. Speculum , 66., 4 ( 1991): Pages 133 - 154. Republished in slightly altered form as “The Most Serious Duty”: Motherhood, Gender, and Patrician Culture. By Stanley Chojnacki. Women and Men in Renaissance Venice: Twelve Essays on Patrician Society. Johns Hopkins University Press, 2000. Pages 169-182. [Reprinted in The Italian Renaissance. Edited by Paula Findlen. Blackwell Publishing, 2002. Pages 173-191
Year of Publication: 1991.

534. Record Number: 11670
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : The Mark of Gender in Saint Bernard's "De diligendo deo" [In his treatise on loving God, Bernard figures the soul at times as feminine and at times as masculine in his exploration of the ascent toward union with God. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Romance Languages Annual , 3., ( 1991): Pages 7 - 11.
Year of Publication: 1991.

535. Record Number: 16591
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Marguerite Reads Giovanni: Gender and Narration in the "Heptaméron" and the "Decameron" [The article studies the ways in which Marguerite de Navarre rewrites the gender of Boccaccio's narrative voice in her translation, thereby questioning the function of gender in authorship. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Renaissance and Reformation/Renaissance et Réforme New Series , 1 ( 1991): Pages 21 - 36.
Year of Publication: 1991.

536. Record Number: 11793
Author(s): Fyler, John M.
Contributor(s):
Title : Man, Men, and Women in Chaucer’s Poetry [The author discusses the way Chaucer uses the words “man” (with its dual meaning of “male” and “human”) and “woman” to comment upon the relationship between naming and gender differentiation. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: The Olde Daunce: Love, Friendship, Sex, and Marriage in the Medieval World. Edited by Robert R. Edwards and Stephen Spector . State University of New York Press, 1991. Renaissance and Reformation/Renaissance et Réforme New Series , 1 ( 1991): Pages 154 - 176.
Year of Publication: 1991.

537. Record Number: 11216
Author(s): Cooper, Helen.
Contributor(s):
Title : Gender and Personification in "Piers Plowman" [Although most allegorical writings associate personifications with femininity (abstract nouns often being grammatically feminine in Latin and Romance languages), Langland’s Middle English poem genders personifications based on what attribute they are intended to represent, sometimes representing them as male and sometimes as female. The Seven Deadly Sins, for instance, are not personified as abstract concepts but are exemplified in the behavior of representative individuals (both men and women). Rather than seeing various figures in the poem as allegorical, medieval rhetoricians would claim they are metonyms (parts or attributes representing the larger whole). Thus male figures in the poem can be read as representing particular aspects of the (male) poet’s self. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Yearbook of Langland Studies , 5., ( 1991): Pages 31 - 48.
Year of Publication: 1991.

538. Record Number: 11078
Author(s): Classen, Albrecht.
Contributor(s):
Title : Misogyny and the Battle of Genders in the Stricker's "Maeren" [The author argues that the Stricker’s "maeren" work against traditional male attitudes towards women, and that, in fact, the Stricker can be seen as a defender of Women's Rights. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Neuphilologische Mitteilungen , 92., 1 ( 1991): Pages 105 - 122.
Year of Publication: 1991.

539. Record Number: 11799
Author(s): Dinshaw, Carolyn.
Contributor(s):
Title : Chastity on the Page: A Feminist Use of Paleography [The author shows the ways in which fifteenth-century humanist graphic practices were gendered, and argues the material production of cultural discourse also transmits sexual violence. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Refiguring Woman: Perspectives on Gender and the Italian Renaissance. Edited by Marilyn Migiel and Juliana Schiesari . Cornell University Press, 1991. Neuphilologische Mitteilungen , 92., 1 ( 1991): Pages 114 - 132.
Year of Publication: 1991.

540. Record Number: 9546
Author(s): Mieszkowski, Gretchen.
Contributor(s):
Title : Chaucer’s Much Loved Criseyde [Chaucer portrays Criseyde as weak, inconsistent, and lacking selfhood, and this portrayal is in accordance with the Western male’s tendency to define his selfhood in opposition to a non-human female Other. Chaucer alters Criseyde from her literary precursor Criseida (from Boccaccio’s "Filostrato") by increasing Criseyde’s passivity; thus he renders her more pointedly feminine and attractive to male readers (including male literary critics). Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Chaucer Review , 26., 2 ( 1991): Pages 109 - 132.
Year of Publication: 1991.

541. Record Number: 12798
Author(s): Cramer, Patricia.
Contributor(s):
Title : Lordship, Bondage, and the Erotic: The Psychological Bases of Chaucer's "Clerk's Tale" [The author offers a psychoanalytic interpretation of "The Clerk's Tale," questioning readings of the story which see Walter and Griselda as an "ideal" Oedipal couple. She further attempts to invalidate Oedipal resolutions by revealing their negative psyc

Source: JEGP: Journal of English and Germanic Philology , 89., 4 (October 1990): Pages 491 - 511.
Year of Publication: 1990.

542. Record Number: 12737
Author(s): Saradi-Mendelovici, Helen.
Contributor(s):
Title : A Contribution to the Study of the Byzantine Notarial Formulas: The "infirmitas sexus" of Women and the "senatusconsultum Velleianum" [The author traces two notarial formulae that were commonly used in legal documents under Roman and Byzantine law: the “infirmitas sexus” (the legal designation of the inferiority of women as a natural characteristic) and the “senatusconsultum Velleianum” (a set of imperial provisions and restrictions imposed upon women). Both of these formulae appear in the middle to late Byzantine periods, where the Byzantine legislation perpetuates ancient restrictions on women’s legal capacities. The natural inferiority of women was often cited as the reason for why imperial legislation must protect and limit their actions. Appendix includes a list of relevant notarial documents in chronological order, including the parties involved , the notary who drew up the document, the location, and the legal formulation used. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Byzantinische Zeitschrift , 83., ( 1990): Pages 72 - 90.
Year of Publication: 1990.

543. Record Number: 12799
Author(s): Meyer, Marc A.
Contributor(s):
Title : Early Anglo-Saxon Penitentials and the Position of Women [The author argues that, although women in Anglo-Saxon culture were subjugated to men, examining penitential books from the period reveals an elevation in the position and status of women in the family. Title note supplied by Feminae.]

Source: The Haskins Society Journal , 2., ( 1990): Pages 47 - 61.
Year of Publication: 1990.

544. Record Number: 12788
Author(s): Armstrong, Guyda.
Contributor(s):
Title : Investing the Wild: Women’s Beliefs in the Chansons de Geste [Engaging with two papers by anthropologist, Edwin Ardener, the author explores the relationship between the oppression of women characters in chansons de geste, and the ascription to them of dissenting beliefs. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Paragraph , 13., 2 ( 1990): Pages 147 - 163.
Year of Publication: 1990.

545. Record Number: 12789
Author(s): Tougher, Shaun
Contributor(s):
Title : The Significance of Silence [The author argues that the Roman de Silence exposes a fear of women which is disguised as misogyny, and that this misogyny draws attention to the very anxiety Heldris de Cornualle attempts to conceal. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Paragraph , 13., 2 ( 1990): Pages 202 - 216.
Year of Publication: 1990.

546. Record Number: 12869
Author(s): Tougher, Shaun
Contributor(s):
Title : Marginal Men, Marcabru and Orthodoxy: The Early Troubadours and Adultery [The author explores references to adultery in early troubadour verse in order to determine what models for marriage are represented there. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Medium Ævum , 59., 1 ( 1990): Pages 55 - 72.
Year of Publication: 1990.

547. Record Number: 12734
Author(s): Barber, Charles.
Contributor(s):
Title : The imperial panels at San Vitale: a reconsideration [Two sixth century mosaics in the aspe of San Vitale in Ravenna, Italy, depict the Byzantine Emperor Justinian I (on the left) and his wife Theodora (on the right). Although the Emperor and Empress appear to be represented identically (with purple clothing, haloes, and similar postures), other types of iconography in the panels differentiate the role and status of the figures according to their gender. The Emperor, flanked by priests and soldiers, carries objects that indicate his priestly and military roles. The Empress, dressed in more lavish clothing and jewels and enclosed in a depiction of architectural space, reflects Byzantine society’s legal and social relegation of women (even aristocratic ones) to the domestic sphere. Nonetheless, Theodora’s position in image (in the center with males on one side of her, females, on the other) places her at the boundary between the sexes, as a transgressive figure who straddles both public and private spheres. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies , 14., ( 1990): Pages 19 - 42.
Year of Publication: 1990.

548. Record Number: 12859
Author(s): Green, Monica H.
Contributor(s):
Title : Female Sexuality in the Medieval West [The author argues that sexuality may have meant something fundamentally different to women than to men in the Middle Ages, and suggests that we question whether our methodologies are adequate for the task of constructing a history of how sexuality was experienced by medieval women, rather than a history of how female sexuality was viewed by men. Title note supplied by Feminae.]

Source: Trends in History , 4., 4 ( 1990): Pages 127 - 158.
Year of Publication: 1990.

549. Record Number: 12862
Author(s): Raybin, David.
Contributor(s):
Title : Custance and History: Woman as Outsider in Chaucer's Man of Law's Tale [The author studies the ways in which Chaucer artistically transforms traditional medieval concepts of time in the Man of Law's Tale. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Studies in the Age of Chaucer , 12., ( 1990): Pages 65 - 84.
Year of Publication: 1990.

550. Record Number: 12787
Author(s): Krueger, Roberta.
Contributor(s):
Title : Constructing Sexual Identities in the High Middle Ages: The Didactic Poetry of Robert de Blois [The author examines the courtesy manuals of Robert de Blois in order to examine the ways they contributed to medieval definitions of masculinity and femininity, as well as to reveal the ways those same traditional gender categories were destabilized and even transgressed in his writing. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Paragraph , 13., 2 (July 1990): Pages 105 - 131.
Year of Publication: 1990.

551. Record Number: 12693
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Flaws in the Golden Bowl: Gender and Spiritual Formation in the Twelfth Century [In twelfth century Western Europe, religious writers debated whether arrangements for men and for women in religious life were meant to be identical, equal, or separate. While works on religious formation and spiritual growth can present monastic values as gender neutral and some writings (like Abelard's letters to Heloise purport to praise the virtues of women, misogyny is nonetheless pervasive in monastic writings (women are aligned with carnality, loquacity, and curiosity). Moreover, gender plays an important role in differentiating the importance of chastity for men and for women, and gender profoundly affects how communal life and spiritual growth are represented. The Appendix offers a list of religious literature of formation produced between 1075 and 1225. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Traditio , 45., ( 1990): Pages 111 - 146. Republished in From Virile Woman to WomanChrist: Studies in Medieval Religion and Literature. By Barbara Newman. Middle Ages Series. University of Pennsylvania Press, 1995. Pages 19-45
Year of Publication: 1990.

552. Record Number: 12866
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : The Franklin as Dorigen [The author argues for the Franklin's marginal social status, and examines his gender and social rank in relation to the romance genre. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Chaucer Review , 24., 3 ( 1990): Pages 236 - 252.
Year of Publication: 1990.

553. Record Number: 12860
Author(s): McLaughlin, Megan.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Woman Warrior: Gender, Warfare, and Society in Medieval Europe [The article studies the small group of medieval women warriors, and considers its implications for gender and society. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Women's Studies , 17., 40241 ( 1990): Pages 193 - 209.
Year of Publication: 1990.

554. Record Number: 12790
Author(s): Jewell, Helen M.
Contributor(s):
Title : Women at the Courts of the Manor of Wakefield, 1348-1350 [The author studies the fourteenth-century manorial court rolls from Wakefield in order to study women’s involvement in petty crime, in landholding and civil pleas activities, and in miscellaneous entries which offer information about the economic and social standing of individual women. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Northern History , 26., ( 1990): Pages 59 - 81.
Year of Publication: 1990.

555. Record Number: 23419
Author(s): William of Malmesbury
Contributor(s):
Title : The Courtly Fashion of Long Hair (ca. 1130) [From Recent History]

Source: The Broadview Book of Medieval Anecdotes. Edited by Richard Kay, compiler . Broadview Press, 1988. Byzantinische Zeitschrift , 83., ( 1990): Pages 188 - 189.
Year of Publication: 1988.

556. Record Number: 23432
Author(s): Knighton, Henry
Contributor(s):
Title : Tournaments and Transvestites (1348) [From Chronicle]

Source: The Broadview Book of Medieval Anecdotes. Edited by Richard Kay, compiler . Broadview Press, 1988. Byzantinische Zeitschrift , 83., ( 1990): Pages 282 - 283.
Year of Publication: 1988.

557. Record Number:
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Angry Wife

Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Israel_van_Meckenem_-_Das_b%C3%B6se_Weib.jpg/250px-Israel_van_Meckenem_-_Das_b%C3%B6se_Weib.jpg
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558. Record Number: 30913
Author(s):
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Title : Alchemical Androgyne

Source:
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559. Record Number:
Author(s):
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Title : Henpecked Husband

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560. Record Number: 32406
Author(s):
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Title : Queen Penthesilea

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561. Record Number: 33645
Author(s):
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Title : Luxuria

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562. Record Number: 35183
Author(s):
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Title : Saint Jerome in a woman's dress

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563. Record Number: 36477
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Sir John Harpenden

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564. Record Number: 36621
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : John Leventhorp

Source:
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565. Record Number: 40434
Author(s):
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Title : Viking oval brooches

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566. Record Number: 40518
Author(s):
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Title : Young Girl from Frankfurt Cathedral

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567. Record Number: 40750
Author(s):
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Title : Fragment of a Floor Mosaic: Adam and Eve

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568. Record Number: 42645
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : St Sebastian

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569. Record Number: 43220
Author(s):
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Title : Nature forging a baby

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570. Record Number: 43221
Author(s):
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Title : Joan of Arc

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571. Record Number: 43306
Author(s):
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Title : A wild woman and two wild men with fantastic animals

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