Feminae: Medieval Women and Gender Index


  • Title: Warm Water
  • Creator: Workshop of Giovannino de Grassi, painter
  • Description: The "Tacuinum sanitatis" was an eleventh-century health handbook written by Ibn Butlan of Baghdad. In it he presents the elements needed for a healthful and happy life. He notes that warm water helps clean the stomach and is recommended in cold climates. In the fourteenth-century illustrated versions the emphasis is on picturing attractive scenes drawing on themes from courtly love, fashionable dress, and estate management for an idealized view of agriculture and food production. This picture depicts two women, one seated with her legs in a bucket of warm water, and the other kneeling on the ground, washing the legs of the seated woman. A pot of water being boiled over a fire can be seen in the background.
  • Source: Wikimedia Commons
  • Rights: Public Domain
  • Subject (See Also): Bathing Domestic Space Medical Manuscripts Water Work
  • Geographic Area: Italy
  • Century:
  • Date: 1390- 1400 (?)
  • Related Work: Tacuinum sanitatis, a medical treatise. Also known as the Theatrum sanitatis.
  • Current Location: Vienna, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, MS series nova 2644, fol. 89
  • Original Location:
  • Artistic Type (Category): Digital images; Manuscript Illuminations
  • Artistic Type (Material/Technique): Vellum (parchment); Paint
  • Donor: Layman; Probably commissioned by Giangaleazzo Visconti, Count of Milan, or nobility at his court.
  • Height/Width/Length(cm): //
  • Inscription:
  • Related Resources: Cathleen Hoeniger, "The Illuminated Tacuinum sanitatis Manuscripts from Northern Italy ca. 1380-1400: Sources, Patrons, and the Creation of a New Pictorial Genre." Visualizing Medieval Medicine and Natural History, 1200-1550. Edited by Jean A. Givens, Karen M. Reeds, and Alain Touwaide. Ashgate,2006. Pp. 51-81.