Feminae: Medieval Women and Gender Index


  • Title: Personification of Ktisis (“Foundation”/”Donation”/”Creation”)
  • Creator:
  • Description: Ktisis, the personification of generous donation, is haloed and holds a spear in this Byzantine mosaic. She inhabits a square at the center of a cruciform formation, the outer four squares of which contain a bear, a lion, a leopard, and a donkey.
  • Source: Wikimedia Commons
  • Rights: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en , e.g. Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license
  • Subject (See Also): Animals Personification
  • Geographic Area: Eastern Mediterranean
  • Century: 5
  • Date:
  • Related Work:
  • Current Location: Lebanon, Beiteddine Palace
  • Original Location: Porphyrion (present-day Jiyyeh)
  • Artistic Type (Category): Digital images; Mosaics
  • Artistic Type (Material/Technique):
  • Donor:
  • Height/Width/Length(cm): //
  • Inscription: KT/I/CIC
  • Related Resources: Poulsen, Birte, "City Personifications in Late Antiquity," in Using Images in Late Antiquity. Edited by Stine Birk, Troels Myrup Kristensen, and Birte Poulsen. Oxbow Books, 2014. Pages 209 - 226.