Feminae: Medieval Women and Gender Index

177 Record(s) Found in our database

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1. Record Number: 43569
Author(s): Harris, Carissa M.,
Contributor(s):
Title : Teen Moms: Violence, Consent, and Embodied Subjectivity in Middle English Pregnancy Laments

Source: Review of English Studies , 71., 298 ( 2020): Pages 1 - 18. Available open access from Cambridge Core: https://doi.org/10.1093/res/hgz092
Year of Publication: 2020.

2. Record Number: 43672
Author(s): Hinds, Sarah,
Contributor(s):
Title : Late Medieval Sexual Badges as Sexual Signifiers: A Material Culture Reappraisal

Source: Medieval Feminist Forum , 55., 2 ( 2020): Pages 170 - 191. Available with a subscription: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/mff/vol55/iss2/8/
Year of Publication: 2020.

3. Record Number: 43870
Author(s): Hawes, Janice,
Contributor(s):
Title : Manly Fantasy: Medieval and Modern Masculinities in Two Juvenile Versions of Beowulf

Source: Beowulf in Contemporary Culture. Edited by David Clark . Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2020. Medieval Feminist Forum , 55., 2 ( 2020): Pages 67 - 89.
Year of Publication: 2020.

4. Record Number: 44628
Author(s): McNair, Fraser
Contributor(s):
Title : "A girly man like you can't rule us real men any longer": Sex, Violence and Masculinity in Dudo of Saint-Quentin's Historia Normannorum

Source: Anglo-Norman Studies: Proceedings of the Battle Conference 2019 , 42., ( 2020): Pages 101 - 118. This journal is available with a subscription from JSTOR: https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctvxhrjvk.11
and from Cambridge University Press: https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/9781787449138%23c6/type/book_part
Year of Publication: 2020.

5. Record Number: 44704
Author(s): Sturluson, Snorri
Contributor(s):
Title : Same-Sex Encounters: (a) Penitential of Saint Thorlak, (b) Civil Penalties in Early Norwegian Law, (c) Njal Gives a Garment to Flosi, (d) King Harold Gormsson and the Land-Spirits, (e) Gisli Sursson Fights Skeggi the Berserk

Source: The Viking Age: A Reader. Edited by Angus A. Somerville and R. Andrew McDonald . University of Toronto Press, 2020. Anglo-Norman Studies: Proceedings of the Battle Conference 2019 , 42., ( 2020): Pages 132 - 137.
Year of Publication: 2020.

6. Record Number: 44749
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Manly Men: (a) Gunnar Weeps, (b) The Death of Gunnar, (c) Egil and Armod

Source: The Viking Age: A Reader. Edited by Angus A. Somerville and R. Andrew McDonald . University of Toronto Press , 2020. Anglo-Norman Studies: Proceedings of the Battle Conference 2019 , 42., ( 2020): Pages 86 - 91.
Year of Publication: 2020.

7. Record Number: 44750
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Unmanly Men: (a) Deadly Insults from Grágás, (b) A Flyting between Sinfjotli and Gudmund, (c) Egil in Old Age

8. Record Number: 43476
Author(s): Wolsing, Ivo,
Contributor(s):
Title : “Look, there comes the half-man!” Delegitimising Tancred of Lecce in Peter of Eboli’s Liber ad honorem Augusti

Source: Al-Masaq: Journal of the Medieval Mediterranean , 31., 3 ( 2019): Pages 323 - 337. Available with a subscription from Taylor & Francis Online: https://doi.org/10.1080/09503110.2018.1557480
Year of Publication: 2019.

9. Record Number: 32554
Author(s): McCall, Timothy
Contributor(s):
Title : Brilliant Bodies: Material Culture and the Adornment of Men in North Italy’s Quattrocento Courts

Source: I Tatti Studies in the Italian Renaissance , 16., 1- 2 ( 2013): Pages 445 - 490.
Year of Publication: 2013.

10. Record Number: 24052
Author(s): Cuffel, Alexandra
Contributor(s):
Title : The Matter of Others: Menstrual Blood and Uncontrolled Semen in Thirteenth-Century Kabbalists' Polemic against Christians, "Bad" Jews, and Muslims [The author argues that Kabbalist writers viewed sexual impurities and intercourse with non-Jewish women with alarm. These sins made Jewish men the equivalent of menstruating women in terms of the pollution they brought their families and the Jewish community. Title note supplied by Feminae.]

Source: Negotiating Community and Difference in Medieval Europe: Gender, Power, Patronage, and the Authority of Religion in Latin Christendom. Edited by Katherine Allen Smith and Scott Wells Studies in the History of Christian Traditions . Brill, 2009. I Tatti Studies in the Italian Renaissance , 16., 1- 2 ( 2013): Pages 249 - 284.
Year of Publication: 2009.

11. Record Number: 23771
Author(s): Deeming, Helen
Contributor(s):
Title : Text, Music, and Gender in the Middle Ages [The Plainsong and Medieval Music Society combined its Annual General Meeting with a study day. The theme for papers was" Ave/Eva: Text, Music and Gender in the Middle Ages".]

Source: Early Music , 36., 3 ( 2008): Pages 509
Year of Publication: 2008.

12. Record Number: 15838
Author(s): Ruggiero, Guido.
Contributor(s):
Title : Mean Streets, Familiar Streets, or The Fat Woodcarver and the Masculine Spaces of Renaissance Florence [The author explores issues of male friendship, honor, and sexuality in Florence through a story about a fat woodcarver who snubs his friends. They teach him a cruel lesson by convincing him that he is someone else. When they reveal the humiliating joke he is forced to leave the city. Ruggiero suggests that the origional incident may have revolved around a homosexual relationship that the other man, the architect Brunelleschi, wanted to end. All the public spaces in the story, including those that we might think private like the workshop and the home, were crucial parts of the regime that defined virtú as masculinity. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Renaissance Florence: A Social History. Edited by Roger J. Crum and John T. Paoletti . Cambridge University Press, 2006. Early Music , 36., 3 ( 2008): Pages 295 - 310.
Year of Publication: 2006.

13. Record Number: 18171
Author(s): Simons, Patricia
Contributor(s):
Title : Separating the Men from the Boys: Masculinites in Early Quattrocento Florence and Donatello's "Saint George" [Nineteenth and twentieth century scholars projected an idealized masculinity onto Renaissance Florence. Seen from this viewpoint, Donatello's "Saint George" is an idealized young man just entering maturity. The supposed display of manly self control fits in with ideals of masculinity described by humanists like Leonardo Bruni. This, however, involves rejecting alternative evidence showing how homoerotic desire and nostalgia for lost youth were projected onto the same image by some Florentines. Title note supplied by Feminae.]

Source: Rituals, Images, and Words: Varieties of Cultural Expression in Late Medieval and Early Modern Europe. Edited by F. W. Kent and Charles Zika Late Medieval Early Modern Studies . Brepols, 2005. Early Music , 36., 3 ( 2008): Pages 147 - 176.
Year of Publication: 2005.

14. Record Number: 12604
Author(s): Brubaker, Leslie.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Age of Justinian: Gender and Society [The author provides a brief overview of gender issues in sixth century Byzantium. Topics discusssed include gendered expectations for both men and women as reflected in the portrayals of Justinian and Theodora by Procopius, law, public life, patronage, the church, and the increasing restrictions on women's roles after the reign of Justinian. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Justinian. Edited by Michael Maas . Cambridge University Press, 2005. Early Music , 36., 3 ( 2008): Pages 427 - 447.
Year of Publication: 2005.

15. Record Number: 11008
Author(s): Pettit, Emma.
Contributor(s):
Title : Holiness and Masculimity in Aldhelms's "Opus geminatum De virginitate" [The author traces two approaches to masculinity. Both male and female religious need to be masculinized spiritual combatants against vice; in contrast only male saints are masculinized when preforming miracles. Female saints are less autonomous and associated with characteristics that are gendered feminine. Title note supplied by Feminae.]

Source: Holiness and Masculinity in the Middle Ages. Edited by P. H. Cullum and Katherine J. Lewis . Religion and Culture in the Middle Ages Series. University of Wales Press, 2004. Early Music , 36., 3 ( 2008): Pages 8 - 23.
Year of Publication: 2004.

16. Record Number: 11016
Author(s): Christie, Edward.
Contributor(s):
Title : Self-Mastery and Submission: Holiness and Masculinity in the Lives of Anglo-Saxon Martyr Kings [The author analyzes Old English lives of Edmund and Oswald, finding that the kings achieve an heroic masculinity through an acceptance of suffering. Although these kings win lasting fame, which was also the goal of Anglo-Saxon warrior heroes, they do it through sacrifice of self. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

17. Record Number: 11060
Author(s): Cantarella, Glauco Maria.
Contributor(s):
Title : La verginita e Cluny [Cluniac monks valued not just chastity but virginity. The Virgin Mary was the model of this quality. The "Vita" of Abbot Maiolus of Cluny emphasized his virginity. Some lives of Cluniac abbots combined an emphasis on virginity with one on masculinity; others combined it with a focus on angelic asexuality. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Figure poetiche e figure teologiche nella mariologia dei secoli XI e XII: Atti del II Convegno Mariologico della Fondazione Ezio Franceschini con la collaborazione della Biblioteca Palatina di Parma, Parma, 19-20 maggio 2000. Edited by Clelia Maria Piastra and Francesco Santi . SISMEL, 2004. Early Music , 36., 3 ( 2008): Pages 45 - 60.
Year of Publication: 2004.

18. Record Number: 11013
Author(s): Cantara, Linda
Contributor(s):
Title : Holy Eunuchs! Masculinity and Eunuch Saints in Byzantium [In this brief overview, the author concentrates on the tenth century "Life" of Ignatios the Younger, twice patriarch of Constantinople (847-858 and 867-878). Tougher argues that the hagiographer treats Ignatios as a typical holy man with just one mention of his castration. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

19. Record Number: 10983
Author(s): Milfull, Inge B.
Contributor(s):
Title : War and Truce: Women in "The Wallace" [The author concentrates on the scenes of Wallace's courtship of his future wife and the diplomatic efforts of the English queen. Milfull argues that in both cases the poet regards the women as intrusive and potentially dangerous. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Woman and the Feminine in Medieval and Early Modern Scottish Writing. Edited by Sarah M. Dunnigan, C. Marie Harker, and Evelyn S. Newlyn . Palgrave Macmillan, 2004. Early Music , 36., 3 ( 2008): Pages 19 - 30.
Year of Publication: 2004.

20. Record Number: 11014
Author(s): Mills, Robert.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Signification of the Tonsure [The author argues that the tonsure was an ambivalent symbol. Sometimes it signalled shameful humiliation but in other circumstances it conferred spiritual asceticism and even masculine authority. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

21. Record Number: 11015
Author(s): Hayes, Dawn Marie.
Contributor(s):
Title : Christian Sanctuary and Repository of France's Political Culture: The Construction of Holiness and Masculinity at the Royal Abbey of Saint-Denis, 987-1328 [The author argues that holiness and masculinity were associated both with the Capetian monarchy and the monastery of Saint-Denis. Kings and monks supported each other, reinforcing the sacred character of their power through royal regalia, relics, and burials within an impressive edifice. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

22. Record Number: 10857
Author(s): Salih, Sarah.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Medieval Looks Back: A Response to "Troubled Vision" [Salih provides a brief case study of manuscript illuminations of monsters from a copy of "Mandeville's Travels." She argues that the hyper-masculinity of the naked giants defines them as other, bereft of culture and social order. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Troubled Vision: Gender, Sexuality, and Sight in Medieval Text and Image. Edited by Emma Campbell and Robert Mills . Palgrave Macmillan, 2004. Early Music , 36., 3 ( 2008): Pages 223 - 231.
Year of Publication: 2004.

23. Record Number: 11009
Author(s): Murray, Jacqueline.
Contributor(s):
Title : Masculinizing Religious Life: Sexual Prowess, the Battle for Chastity and Monastic Identity [The author argues that both monks and priests were concerned to maintain their masculine identity even when the most pronounced markers (fathering children and waging war) were now forbidden. Murray identifies two compensatory strategies. Clergy saw themselves as possessing sexual potency because they struggled for celibacy. Moreover they wed the language of military prowess in their battle for celibacy. Title note supplied by Feminae.]

24. Record Number: 11011
Author(s): Muir, Carolyn Diskant.
Contributor(s):
Title : Bride or Bridegroom? Masculine Identity in Mystic Marriages [The author briefly examines two cases, those of Heinrich Seuse and Saint Hermann Joseph. Muir argues that men were less likely to report mystic marriage than women, but they had a wider range of experiences. Most notably they took on both masculine and feminine identities simultaneously. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

25. Record Number: 11017
Author(s): Lewis, Katherine J.
Contributor(s):
Title : Edmund of East Anglia, Henry VI and Ideals of Kingly Masculinity [The author argues that Lydgate's "Life" of King Edmund was intended to instruct the young Henry VI in kingly behaviors. The Mirror for Princes tradition of advice literature as reflected in the Middle English version of the "Secretorum" also emphasized the importance of religion in a king's responsibilities, particularly with regard to sexual self-control. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

26. Record Number: 11012
Author(s): Heinonen, Meri.
Contributor(s):
Title : Henry Suso and the Divine Knightood [The author argues that Suso's "Leben" manifests a gender ideology throughout with the Servant as an ideal friar who becomes a heavenly Knight through pain and repudiation. At the same time the Spiritual Daughter is given a much more passive role in an enclosed convent. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

27. Record Number: 11018
Author(s): Ormrod, W. M.
Contributor(s):
Title : Monarchy, Martyrdom, and Masculinity: England in the Later Middle Ages [Calling for a gendered reading of monarchy, the author emphasizes both the masculine and feminine characteristics necessary in rulership. Taking the kings who promoted the cults of Edward II and Henry VI as examples, Ormrod argues that the reassertion of the sainted kings' masculinity provided political stability but also countered the perceived gender transgressions of their queens, Isabelle of France and Margaret of Anjou. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

28. Record Number: 11955
Author(s): Parsons, John Carmi.
Contributor(s):
Title : Damned If She Didn't and Damned When She Did: Bodies, Babies, and Bastards in the Lives of Two Queens of France

Source: Eleanor of Aquitaine: Lord and Lady. Edited by Bonnie Wheeler and John Carmi Parsons The New Middle Ages . Palgrave Macmillan, 2003. French Studies , 57., 4 (October 2003): Pages 265 - 299.
Year of Publication: 2003.

29. Record Number: 11652
Author(s): Arnold, John H.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Labour of Continence: Masculinity and Clerical Virginity [The author looks at three narratives concerned in part with clerical chastity: "Jewel of the Church" by Gerald of Wales, Jacob of Voragine's "Golden Legend," and Caesarius of Heisterbach's "Dialogue on Miracles." Arnold identifies four different tropes in overcoming sexual temptations including divine intervention to remove the male saint's desire. In most cases though male chastity required vigilance and willpower because masculinity itself was flawed in its inclination toward temptation. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Medieval Virginities. Edited by Anke Bernau, Ruth Evans, and Sarah Salih . Religion and Culture in the Middle Ages series. University of Wales Press; University of Toronto Press, 2003. Early Music , 36., 3 ( 2008): Pages 102 - 118.
Year of Publication: 2003.

30. Record Number: 9763
Author(s): Gerli, E. Michael.
Contributor(s):
Title : Masculinity, Reform, and Clerical Culture: Narratives of Episcopal Holiness in the Gregorian Era [The author examines two versions of the "Life" of Saint Ulrich to trace the differences in the representation of masculinity, both clerical and lay. Miller argues that the proponents of the Gregorian Reform tried to establish a priestly hypermasculinity (untouched by female impurity and removed from familial entanglements) that separated the clergy from the male laity and justifed their special authority. Furthermore this competition between clerics and lay men strengthened the misogynist discourse in that era. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Church History , 72., 1 (March 2003): Pages 25 - 52.
Year of Publication: 2003.

31. Record Number: 9858
Author(s): Campbell, Emma
Contributor(s):
Title : Separating the Saints from the Boys: Sainthood and Masculinity in the Old French "Vie de Saint Alexis" [Based on an essay which obtained the R. H. Gapper Graduate Essay Prize in 2002 from the Society for French Studies (See www.sfs.ac.uk). Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: French Studies , 57., 4 (October 2003): Pages 447 - 462.
Year of Publication: 2003.

32. Record Number: 10453
Author(s): Bodden, M. C.
Contributor(s):
Title : Disordered Grief and Fashionable Afflictions in Chaucer's "Franklin's Tale" and the "Clerk's Tale" [The author examines the gendered treatment of grief. Dorigen's expressions are extremely anguished and disordered, while the male characters experience grief more "rationally" in connection with honor and the loss of power over women. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Grief and Gender: 700-1700. Edited by Jennifer C. Vaught with Lynne Dickson Bruckner . Palgrave Macmillan, 2003. French Studies , 57., 4 (October 2003): Pages 51 - 63.
Year of Publication: 2003.

33. Record Number: 10454
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Grief in Avalon: Sir Palomydes' Psychic Pain [The author explores the failures and grief of Sir Palomydes, a Saracen, who eventually converts to Christianity, in Malory's "Morte Darthur." He is always second-best in tournaments and adventures. His friendship with Sir Tristram emphasizes the unequal competitions at the heart of chivalry. Even his lady love will not return his passion. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Grief and Gender: 700-1700. Edited by Jennifer C. Vaught with Lynne Dickson Bruckner . Palgrave Macmillan, 2003. French Studies , 57., 4 (October 2003): Pages 65 - 77.
Year of Publication: 2003.

34. Record Number: 11654
Author(s): Hughes, Jonathan.
Contributor(s):
Title : Alchemy and the Exploration of Late Medieval Sexuality [The author explores the natural philosophic principles which, for physicians and alchemists, governed sexuality, conception, and masculinity. Case studies of Henry VI and Edward IV demonstrate ways in which alchemy was used to physic the King. The source of trouble was sometimes identified as a malevolent woman, a witch, or a supernatual threat like the half-serpent Melusine. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Medieval Virginities. Edited by Anke Bernau, Ruth Evans, and Sarah Salih . Religion and Culture in the Middle Ages series. University of Wales Press; University of Toronto Press, 2003. French Studies , 57., 4 (October 2003): Pages 140 - 166.
Year of Publication: 2003.

35. Record Number: 13052
Author(s): Cullum, P. H.
Contributor(s):
Title : Life-Cycle and Life-Course in a Clerical and Celibate Milieu: Northern England in the Later Middle Ages [The author compares the life-cycles of clergy with those of laymen. In many cases the clerics experienced an extended adolescence. Not infrequently they also lived in poverty in both youth and old age. When clerics set up households, they often created quasi-families either with blood nephews or with promising young men whom they treated as their sons. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Time and eternity: the medieval discourse. Edited by Gerhard Jaritz and Gerson Moreno-Riaño International Medieval Research . Brepols, 2003. French Studies , 57., 4 (October 2003): Pages 271 - 281.
Year of Publication: 2003.

36. Record Number: 6217
Author(s): Hennessey, Cecily.
Contributor(s):
Title : Visibility/Invisibility: Young Male Byzantine Saints

Source: Seeing Gender: Perspectives on Medieval Gender and Sexuality. Gender and Medieval Studies Conference, King's College, London, January 4-6, 2002. . 2002. Studies in Iconography , 23., ( 2002):
Year of Publication: 2002.

37. Record Number: 10640
Author(s): Tarbin, Stephanie.
Contributor(s):
Title : Moral Regulation and Civic Identity in London, 1400-1530

Source: Our Medieval Heritage: Essays in Honour of John Tillotson for His 60th Birthday. Edited by Linda Rasmussen, Valerie Spear, and Dianne Tillotson . Merton Priory Press, 2002. Studies in Iconography , 23., ( 2002): Pages 126 - 136.
Year of Publication: 2002.

38. Record Number: 10531
Author(s): Colwell, Tania.
Contributor(s):
Title : Medieval Masculinities: Transgressions and Transformations

Source: Our Medieval Heritage: Essays in Honour of John Tillotson for His 60th Birthday. Edited by Linda Rasmussen, Valerie Spear, and Dianne Tillotson . Merton Priory Press, 2002. French Studies , 57., 4 (October 2003): Pages 137 - 156.
Year of Publication: 2002.

39. Record Number: 11032
Author(s): Davis, Isabel.
Contributor(s):
Title : Consuming the Body of the Working Man in the Later Middle Ages [The author argues for a more nuanced reading of the working man's body. Davis cites literary texts in which the male peasant is associated with food and sustenance while other texts emphasize the pain and bodily disfigurement that the work brings. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Consuming Narrative: Gender and Monstrous Appetite in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. Edited by Liz Herbert McAvoy and Teresa Walters . University of Wales Press, 2002. Studies in Iconography , 23., ( 2002): Pages 42 - 53.
Year of Publication: 2002.

40. Record Number: 7252
Author(s): Sheingorn, Pamela.
Contributor(s):
Title : Joseph the Carpenter's Failure at Familial Discipline [The author examines representations of Joseph in some fourteenth century texts and illustrations concerning apocryphal stories of the flight into Egypt. He is presented very negatively both as a Jew and a member of the lower class. His masculinity is even further questioned because he cannot protect his family nor can he assert his patriarchal authority over his wife and child. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Insights and Interpretations: Studies in Celebrations of the Eighty-Fifth Anniversary of the Index of Christian Art. Edited by Colum Hourihane . Index of Christian Art, Department of Art and Archaeology, Princeton University in association with Princeton University Press, 2002. French Studies , 57., 4 (October 2003): Pages 156 - 167.
Year of Publication: 2002.

41. Record Number: 8083
Author(s): Najemy, John M.
Contributor(s):
Title : Giannozzo and His Elders: Alberti's Critique of Renaissance Patriarchy [The author argues that the figure of Giannozzo is used by Alberti to criticize the arbitrary power of fathers over sons and the resulting efforts of sons to control their wives, thereby recuperating some of their lost masculinity. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Society and Individual in Renaissance Florence. Edited by William J. Connell . University of California Press, 2002. French Studies , 57., 4 (October 2003): Pages 51 - 78.
Year of Publication: 2002.

42. Record Number: 7305
Author(s): Rasmussen, Ann Marie.
Contributor(s):
Title : Gendered Knowledge and Eavesdropping in the Late-Medieval "Minnerede" [The author argues for a poetics of gender in the "Minnerede" with an eavesdropping male narrator and a female speaker whose concerns about love are voiced in secret. The "Minnereden" narratives take place in two different milieu, the city and the court. The appendix inventories twenty-five "Minnereden" and seven "maeren" that feature an eavesdropping motif. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Speculum , 77., 4 (October 2002): Pages 1168 - 1194.
Year of Publication: 2002.

43. Record Number: 9340
Author(s): Broedel, Hans Peter.
Contributor(s):
Title : To Preserve the Manly Form from So Vile a Crime: Ecclesiastical Anti-Sodomitic Rhetoric and the Gendering of Witchcraft in the "Malleus Maleficarum" [Broedel argues that Heinrich Krämer, the author, with the help of Jacob Sprenger, of the "Malleus maleficarum," adopted the language and critiques of sodomy to describe witchcraft, thus making it a crime of deviant sexuality. Since women were naturally predisposed to witchcraft due to weaknesses in their nature, they were lured into sexual sins with demons. Men who were enchanted by witches lost their potency or became emasculated. Using these kinds of arguments, Krämer created a witch that was much more threatening than in other contemporary tracts. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Essays in Medieval Studies (Full Text via Project Muse) 19 (2002): 136-148. Link Info
Year of Publication: 2002.

44. Record Number: 9334
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Gender in the World of William Marshal and Bertran de Born [The author analyzes the lives of both William Marshal, knight "extraordinaire," and Bertran de Born, a French lord and troubadour, arguing for a continuity in their culture of a secular, knightly world made up largely of men. However, from Bertran's poem

Source: Essays in Medieval Studies (Full Text via Project Muse) 19 (2002): 44-60. Link Info
Year of Publication: 2002.

45. Record Number: 6209
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : The Medieval Hero Through a Modernist Painter's Eyes: David Jones and the Pictorial Re-presentation of Lancelot

Source: Seeing Gender: Perspectives on Medieval Gender and Sexuality. Gender and Medieval Studies Conference, King's College, London, January 4-6, 2002. . 2002.
Year of Publication: 2002.

46. Record Number: 8852
Author(s): Baskins, Cristelle L.
Contributor(s):
Title : (In)Famous Men: The Continence of Scipio and Formations of Masculinity in Fifteenth-Century Tuscan Domestic Painting [The author explores the representation of Scipio Africanus in Florentine "cassoni" paintings on wedding furniture and argues for a range of masculinities. Some paintings celebrate his sexual restraint with Scipio returning the captured princess to her betrothed. However, other paintings present him as a conqueror with booty, an exemplar of masculine financial and political success for the bridegroom viewer. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Studies in Iconography , 23., ( 2002): Pages 109 - 136.
Year of Publication: 2002.

47. Record Number: 8802
Author(s): Sebregondi, Ludovica.
Contributor(s):
Title : Clothes and Teenagers: What Young Men Wore in Fifteenth-Century Florence [The author argues that young Florentine men wore distinctive clothing. Tight-fitting and revealing cothing that emphasized the wearer's masculinity were popular. Moralists complained but did not succeed in changing fashions. Title note supplied by Feminae.]

Source: The Premodern Teenager: Youth in Society, 1150-1650. Edited by Konrad Eisenbichler . Publications of the Centre for Reformation and Renaissance Studies, Essays and Studies, 1. Centre for Reformation and Renaissance Studies, 2002. Studies in Iconography , 23., ( 2002): Pages 27 - 50.
Year of Publication: 2002.

48. Record Number: 6633
Author(s): Murray, Jacqueline.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Law of Sin That is in My Members: The Problem of Male Embodiment [the author argues that there was a problem not only with women's bodies but with men's as well; there was a fundamental dis-ease with the male body and its manifestations of sexuality as seen in such examples as Abelard's castration and the problem of nocturnal emissions].

Source: Gender and Holiness: Men, Women, and Saints in Late Medieval Europe. Edited by Samantha J. E. Riches and Sarah Salih . Routledge, 2002. Studies in Iconography , 23., ( 2002): Pages 9 - 22.
Year of Publication: 2002.

49. Record Number: 6222
Author(s): Lewis, Katherine J.
Contributor(s):
Title : Odin I await thee, Your true son am I: Seeing Medieval Masculinity in Heavy Metal

50. Record Number: 6638
Author(s): Lewis, Katherine J.
Contributor(s):
Title : Becoming a Virgin King: Richard II and Edward the Confessor [the author argues that Richard's devotion to Edward the Confessor was part of his effort to deal with anxieties concerning his childlessness and status as the king; the Wilton Diptych expresses his unique identity as a chaste virgin with the implication that it required a special strength and holiness].

51. Record Number: 6641
Author(s): Cullum, P. H.
Contributor(s):
Title : Gendering Charity in Medieval Hagiography [the author argues that not only did ideas about gendered behavior affect views of sanctity but conceptions of sanctity also had an impact on gender roles; men were expected to be charitable but responsible while women were often characterized as irresponsible, excessive, and other negative feminine stereotypes; in transgressing gender lines some charitable holy women and men were still canonized (e.g., Saint Francis and Elizabeth of Hungary) while others were rejected as role models (e.g., Charles of Blois and Peter Valdes)].

52. Record Number: 8803
Author(s): Karras, Ruth Mazo.
Contributor(s):
Title : Young Knights under the Feminine Gaze ["The women served a ratifying function for a youth's entry into a masculine hierarchy of knightly prestige, but they did not themselves choose the criteria by which they evaluated men. A woman's gaze at a young knight was not a sign of her activity as opposed to his passivity, but rather the sign that she was the prize he was to win, the currency in which his worth in other men's eyes was to be measured." Page 203.]

53. Record Number: 8090
Author(s): Laskaya, Anne.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Feminized World and Divine Violence: Texts and Images of the Apocalypse [The author argues that the illustrations in late medieval Apocalypse books present a triumphant militant masculinity opposed to a variety of feminized threats including the Great Whore of Babylon, monsters, and even the verdant earth. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Domestic Violence in Medieval Texts. Edited by Eve Salisbury, Georgiana Donavin, and Merrall Llewelyn Price . University Press of Florida, 2002. Studies in Iconography , 23., ( 2002): Pages 299 - 341.
Year of Publication: 2002.

54. Record Number: 6033
Author(s): Dunlop, Anne.
Contributor(s):
Title : Masculinity, Crusading, and Devotion: Francesco Casali's Fresco in the Trecento Perugian "Contado"

Source: Speculum , 76., 2 (April 2001): Pages 315 - 336.
Year of Publication: 2001.

55. Record Number: 6733
Author(s): Rieger, Angelica.
Contributor(s):
Title : Crusading or Spinning [The author argues that the portrayal of women in Crusade texts goes beyond simple representation to symbolic purposes. For example, sometimes authors used female characters to emphasize the masculine nature of the Crusades, and at other times Christian women were contrasted with Muslim women to highlight good behavior. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Gendering the Crusades. Edited by Susan B. Edgington and Sarah Lambert . University of Wales Press, 2001. Speculum , 76., 2 (April 2001): Pages 1 - 15.
Year of Publication: 2001.

56. Record Number: 6734
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Virile Latins, Effeminate Greeks, and Strong Women: Gender Definitions on Crusade? [The author explores a variety of gender models in Crusades literature including Bohemond, Nicephorus Bryennius, Eleanor of Aquitane, Queen Melisende, and women warriors. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Gendering the Crusades. Edited by Susan B. Edgington and Sarah Lambert . University of Wales Press, 2001. Speculum , 76., 2 (April 2001): Pages 16 - 30.
Year of Publication: 2001.

57. Record Number: 5978
Author(s): Price, Paul.
Contributor(s):
Title : A Case of Gender Conflict Avoided? The Magnanimous Cuckold in the "Tale of Sir Corneus"

Source: Gender and Conflict in the Middle Ages. Gender and Medieval Studies Conference, York, January 5-7 2001. . 2001. Speculum , 76., 2 (April 2001):
Year of Publication: 2001.

58. Record Number: 5967
Author(s): Farmer, Sharon.
Contributor(s):
Title : Poor Men, the Stigma of Poverty, and the Burdens of Masculinity

Source: Gender and Conflict in the Middle Ages. Gender and Medieval Studies Conference, York, January 5-7 2001. . 2001. Speculum , 76., 2 (April 2001):
Year of Publication: 2001.

59. Record Number: 10116
Author(s): Wiscombe, Samuel C., Jr.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Female Translator of Old English and Rooting for a Grisly Supper with the Boar

Source: Old English Newsletter , 33., 3 (Spring 2000): Paper presented at the Thirty-Fifth International Congress on Medieval Studies, The Medieval Institute, Western Michigan University, May 4-7, 2000, Session 105: "Old English Editing."
Year of Publication: 2000.

60. Record Number: 10111
Author(s): Drout, Michael D. C.
Contributor(s):
Title : Blood and Deeds: Gender, Inheritance, and Death in "Beowulf"

Source: Old English Newsletter , 33., 3 (Spring 2000): Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Modern Language Association of America, Chicago, December 27-30, 1999, Session 314: "Ways of Reading Old English Texts: Colonialism, Gender, and Identity."
Year of Publication: 2000.

61. Record Number: 5014
Author(s): Finke, Laurie A. and Martin B. Shichtman
Contributor(s):
Title : Magical Mistress Tour: Patronage, Intellectual Property, and the Dissemination of Wealth in the "Lais" of Marie de France

Source: Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society (Full Text via JSTOR) 25, 2 (Winter 2000): 479-503. Link Info
Year of Publication: 2000.

62. Record Number: 5056
Author(s): Scheil, Andrew P.
Contributor(s):
Title : Bodies and Boundaries in the Old English "Life of St. Mary of Egypt"

Source: Neophilologus , 84., 1 (January 2000): Pages 137 - 156.
Year of Publication: 2000.

63. Record Number: 5450
Author(s): Tinagli, Paola
Contributor(s):
Title : Womanly Virtues in Quattrocento Florentine Marriage Furnishings [the author examines how behavioral ideals for both new husbands and wives, as represented on cassoni, spalliere, and other furnishings given to the bridal couple, emphasized chastity, restraint, and other virtues that contributed to a well-ordered civic society].

Source: Women in Italian Renaissance Culture and Society. Edited by Letizia Panizza . European Humanities Research Centre, University of Oxford, 2000. Pages 265 - 284.
Year of Publication: 2000.

64. Record Number: 4609
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : The Virile Bride of Bernard of Clairvaux [The author analyzes the figure of the Bride in Bernard's "Sermon on the Song of Songs;" the Bride combines feminine affectivity with the rationality and strength of the masculine].

Source: Church History , 69., 2 (June 2000): Pages 304 - 327.
Year of Publication: 2000.

65. Record Number: 5058
Author(s): McFadden, Brian.
Contributor(s):
Title : Sleeping After the Feast: Deathbeds, Marriage Beds, and the Power Structure of Heorot

Source: Neophilologus , 84., 4 (October 2000): Pages 629 - 646.
Year of Publication: 2000.

66. Record Number: 4245
Author(s): Farmer, Sharon.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Beggar's Body: Intersections of Gender and Social Status in High Medieval Paris [The author argues that gender must be viewed within a matrix of other factors including social status; she examines the case of lower status men who, in the eyes of the elite, had an association with the body as did women].

Source: Monks and Nuns, Saints and Outcasts: Religion in Medieval Society. Essays in Honor of Lester K. Little. Edited by Sharon Farmer and Barbara H. Rosenwein . Cornell University Press, 2000. Neophilologus , 84., 4 (October 2000): Pages 153 - 171.
Year of Publication: 2000.

67. Record Number: 10119
Author(s): Norris, Robin.
Contributor(s):
Title : In the Shadow of the Cross: "The Dream of the Rood" and Same-Sex Piety

Source: Old English Newsletter , 33., 3 (Spring 2000): Paper presented at the Thirty-Fifth International Congress on Medieval Studies, The Medieval Institute, Western Michigan University, May 4-7, 2000, Session 295: "Old English Poetry I."
Year of Publication: 2000.

68. Record Number: 10128
Author(s): Healey, Claire.
Contributor(s):
Title : Strange Creatures: Masculinity in the Exeter Book Riddles

Source: Old English Newsletter , 33., 3 (Spring 2000): Paper presented at the International Medieval Congress, University of Leeds, July 10-13, 2000, Session 301: "Groping in the Dark Ages: The Search for the Anglo-Saxon Body."
Year of Publication: 2000.

69. Record Number: 3743
Author(s): Martinez-Gros, Gabriel.
Contributor(s):
Title : Frustrated Masculinity: The Relationship Between William the Conqueror and His Eldest Son [The author suggests that William tried to prolong Robert's youth; Robert had difficulties attaining adult masculinity because he lacked three important things: an access to power, an independent household, and public recognition as a fully gendered male]

Source: Masculinity in Medieval Europe. Edited by D.M. Hadley . Women and Men in History Series. Addison Wesley Longman, 1999. Neophilologus , 84., 1 (January 2000): Pages 39 - 55.
Year of Publication: 1999.

70. Record Number: 3746
Author(s): Schotter, Anne Howland.
Contributor(s):
Title : Images of Effeminate Men: The case of Byzantine Eunuchs

Source: Masculinity in Medieval Europe. Edited by D.M. Hadley . Women and Men in History Series. Addison Wesley Longman, 1999. Neophilologus , 84., 1 (January 2000): Pages 89 - 100.
Year of Publication: 1999.

71. Record Number: 3672
Author(s): McSheffrey, Shannon.
Contributor(s):
Title : Men and Masculinity in Late Medieval London Civic Culture: Governance, Patriarchy, and Reputation [The author argues that both women and men were judged to be disorderly and misgoverned when they misbehaved sexually].

Source: Conflicted Identities and Multiple Masculinities: Men in the Medieval West. Edited by Jacqueline Murray . Garland Medieval Casebooks, volume 25. Garland Reference Library of the Humanities, volume 2078. Garland Publishing, 1999. Neophilologus , 84., 1 (January 2000): Pages 243 - 278.
Year of Publication: 1999.

72. Record Number: 4303
Author(s): Darrup, Cathy C.
Contributor(s):
Title : Gender, Skin Color, and the Power of Place in the Medieval Dutch "Romance of Moriaen" [The author analyzes the story of Moriaen, a Black Moorish knight in the Dutch "Lancelot;" Blackness is not diluted but its exotic qualities are minimized].

Source: Medieval Feminist Newsletter , 27., (Spring 1999): Pages 15 - 24.
Year of Publication: 1999.

73. Record Number: 3657
Author(s): Stuard, Susan Mosher.
Contributor(s):
Title : Gravitas and Consumption [The author explores why the "sapientes," the leaders of Venice and Florence, regulated consumption for their wives, daughters and sons but not for themselves].

Source: Conflicted Identities and Multiple Masculinities: Men in the Medieval West. Edited by Jacqueline Murray . Garland Medieval Casebooks, volume 25. Garland Reference Library of the Humanities, volume 2078. Garland Publishing, 1999. Medieval Feminist Newsletter , 27., (Spring 1999): Pages 215 - 242. Republished in Considering Medieval Women and Gender. Susan Mosher Stuard. Ashgate Variorum, 2010. Chapter IV.
Year of Publication: 1999.

74. Record Number: 3748
Author(s): Nelson, J. L.
Contributor(s):
Title : Monks, Secular Men, and Masculinity, c.900 [case studies of elite young men who scrupled over the masculine role models in the secular world].

Source: Masculinity in Medieval Europe. Edited by D.M. Hadley . Women and Men in History Series. Addison Wesley Longman, 1999. Medieval Feminist Newsletter , 27., (Spring 1999): Pages 121 - 142.
Year of Publication: 1999.

75. Record Number: 3652
Author(s): Bullough, Vern L. and Gwen Whitehead Brewer
Contributor(s):
Title : Medieval Masculinities and Modern Interpretations: The Problem of the Pardoner

76. Record Number: 3650
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Jean Gerson and Traumas of Masculine Affectivity and Sexuality [The author explores Gerson's relationship with his two younger brothers, his friendship with Pierre d'Ailly, and his emphasis on sexual temptation].

Source: Conflicted Identities and Multiple Masculinities: Men in the Medieval West. Edited by Jacqueline Murray . Garland Medieval Casebooks, volume 25. Garland Reference Library of the Humanities, volume 2078. Garland Publishing, 1999. Medieval Feminist Newsletter , 27., (Spring 1999): Pages 45 - 72.
Year of Publication: 1999.

77. Record Number: 3745
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Military Masculinity in England and Northern France c.1050 - c.1225 [the ideal aristocratic warrior was physically and morally complete, adept at war, and loyal, but above all he had deep friendships with his warrior companions].

78. Record Number: 3656
Author(s): Karras, Ruth Mazo.
Contributor(s):
Title : Separating the Men from the Goats: Masculinity, Civilization, and Identity Formation in the Medieval University [the author analyzes an initiation ritual and argues that students thereby transcend the bestial and the feminine to become part of a cultural male elite].

Source: Conflicted Identities and Multiple Masculinities: Men in the Medieval West. Edited by Jacqueline Murray . Garland Medieval Casebooks, volume 25. Garland Reference Library of the Humanities, volume 2078. Garland Publishing, 1999. Medieval Feminist Newsletter , 27., (Spring 1999): Pages 189 - 213.
Year of Publication: 1999.

79. Record Number: 4410
Author(s): Lacarra Lanz, Eukene.
Contributor(s):
Title : Political Discourse and the Construction and Representation of Gender in "Mocedades de Rodrigo" [The author concludes "The construction of masculinity, as it apears in 'MR,' is predicated on the marginalization of women, who are viewed exclusively as commodities circulating among men." (page 487)].

Source: Hispanic Review , 67., ( 1999): Pages 467 - 491.
Year of Publication: 1999.

80. Record Number: 3654
Author(s): Dressler, Rachel.
Contributor(s):
Title : Steel Corpse: Imaging the Knight in Death [The author argues that British tomb effigies constructed an elite, warrior masculinity].

Source: Conflicted Identities and Multiple Masculinities: Men in the Medieval West. Edited by Jacqueline Murray . Garland Medieval Casebooks, volume 25. Garland Reference Library of the Humanities, volume 2078. Garland Publishing, 1999. Hispanic Review , 67., ( 1999): Pages 135 - 167.
Year of Publication: 1999.

81. Record Number: 4906
Author(s): Slanicka, Simona.
Contributor(s):
Title : Male Markings: Unifoms in the Parisian Civil War as a Blurring of the Gender Order (A. D. 1410- 1420)

Source: Medieval History Journal , 2., 2 (July-December 1999): Pages 209 - 244.
Year of Publication: 1999.

82. Record Number: 3750
Author(s): Swanson, R. N.
Contributor(s):
Title : Angels Incarnate: Clergy and Masculinity From Gregorian Reform to Reformation

Source: Masculinity in Medieval Europe. Edited by D.M. Hadley . Women and Men in History Series. Addison Wesley Longman, 1999. Medieval History Journal , 2., 2 (July-December 1999): Pages 160 - 177.
Year of Publication: 1999.

83. Record Number: 3752
Author(s): Chinca, M.
Contributor(s):
Title : Women and Hunting-Birds are Easy to Tame: Aristocratic Masculinity and the Early German Love-Lyric [the author suggests two different interpretations of Der Von Kürenberg's lyrics; the first assumes an exclusively male audience and gives the songs the role of reproducing and reinforcing patriarchal masculinity while the second model posits a mixed audience interested in debating masculinity.]

84. Record Number: 3751
Author(s): Cullum, P. H.
Contributor(s):
Title : Clergy, Masculinity, and Transgression in Late Medieval England [The author argues that some clergy were insecure about their masculine identity and used fornication and fighting to reassure themselves].

85. Record Number: 3649
Author(s): McLaughlin, Megan.
Contributor(s):
Title : Secular and Spiritual Fatherhood in the Eleventh Century [The author argues that Peter Damian saw the spiritual father's role involving potency, strict authority, and affectionate tenderness].

Source: Conflicted Identities and Multiple Masculinities: Men in the Medieval West. Edited by Jacqueline Murray . Garland Medieval Casebooks, volume 25. Garland Reference Library of the Humanities, volume 2078. Garland Publishing, 1999. Medieval History Journal , 2., 2 (July-December 1999): Pages 25 - 43.
Year of Publication: 1999.

86. Record Number: 3747
Author(s): Leyser, C.
Contributor(s):
Title : Masculinity in Flux: Nocturnal Emission and the Limits of Celibacy in the Early Middle Ages

87. Record Number: 3655
Author(s): Taylor, Andrew.
Contributor(s):
Title : Chivalric Conversation and the Denial of Male Fear [the author argues that late medieval knights were taught courage and loyalty through the code of chivalry and endless discussions of battles].

Source: Conflicted Identities and Multiple Masculinities: Men in the Medieval West. Edited by Jacqueline Murray . Garland Medieval Casebooks, volume 25. Garland Reference Library of the Humanities, volume 2078. Garland Publishing, 1999. Medieval History Journal , 2., 2 (July-December 1999): Pages 169 - 188.
Year of Publication: 1999.

88. Record Number: 3741
Author(s): Hadley, D. M.
Contributor(s):
Title : Introduction: Medieval Masculinities

89. Record Number: 4754
Author(s): Watt, Diane.
Contributor(s):
Title : Literary Geneaology, Virile Rhetoric, and John Gower's "Confessio Amantis" ["In this article, my primary concern will be with the way in which Gower's construction of rhetoric can be seen to be both gendered and sexualized, especially when read alongside other classical and medieval discussions of the subject." page 392].

Source: Philological Quarterly , 78., 4 (Fall 1999): Pages 389 - 415.
Year of Publication: 1999.

90. Record Number: 3651
Author(s): Murray, Jacqueline.
Contributor(s):
Title : Mystical Castration: Some Reflections on Peter Abelard, Hugh of Lincoln, and Sexual Control

Source: Conflicted Identities and Multiple Masculinities: Men in the Medieval West. Edited by Jacqueline Murray . Garland Medieval Casebooks, volume 25. Garland Reference Library of the Humanities, volume 2078. Garland Publishing, 1999. Philological Quarterly , 78., 4 (Fall 1999): Pages 73 - 91.
Year of Publication: 1999.

91. Record Number: 3742
Author(s): Hadley, D. M. and J. M. Moore
Contributor(s):
Title : Death Makes the Man?: Burial Rite and the Construction of Maculinities in the Early Middle Ages

Source: Masculinity in Medieval Europe. Edited by D.M. Hadley . Women and Men in History Series. Addison Wesley Longman, 1999. Neophilologus , 84., 1 (January 2000): Pages 21 - 38.
Year of Publication: 1999.

92. Record Number: 3744
Author(s): Goldberg, P. J. P.
Contributor(s):
Title : Masters and Men in Later Medieval England

Source: Masculinity in Medieval Europe. Edited by D.M. Hadley . Women and Men in History Series. Addison Wesley Longman, 1999. Philological Quarterly , 78., 4 (Fall 1999): Pages 56 - 70.
Year of Publication: 1999.

93. Record Number: 4409
Author(s): Hanawalt, Barbara A.
Contributor(s):
Title : Men's Games, King's Deer: Poaching in Medieval England [The author argues that poaching was a complex act "involving the assertion of rights, political protest, reaction to policing, and pursuit of pleasure and meat" (page 154). However, at its root it reinforced male gender identity].

Source: Of Good and Ill Repute: Gender and Social Control in Medieval England. Barbara A. Hanawalt . Oxford University Press, 1998. Exemplaria: A Journal of Theory in Medieval and Renaissance Studies , 10., 1 (Spring 1998): Pages 142 - 157.
Year of Publication: 1998.

94. Record Number: 4620
Author(s): Bynum, Caroline Walker.
Contributor(s):
Title : Men's Use of Female Symbols [the author argues that pardoxically men, powerful and clerical, needed to become weak and human as "spiritual" women for salvation; the author concludes in part: "Whatever explanation one proposes, it is clear that women's way of using and living symbols was different from men's. The differences lay not merely in what symbols were chosen but also in how symbols related to self. Where men stressed male/ female contrasts and used imagery of reversal to express their dependence on God, women expressed their dependence on God in imagery at least partly drawn from their own gender and avoided symbolic reversals." (Pages 288-289)].

Source: Debating the Middle Ages: Issues and Readings. Edited by Lester K. Little and Barbara H. Rosenwein . Blackwell Publishers, 1998. Exemplaria: A Journal of Theory in Medieval and Renaissance Studies , 10., 1 (Spring 1998): Pages 277 - 289. Originally published in Caroline Walker Bynum, Holy Feast and Holy Fast: The Religious Significance of Food to Medieval Women. University of California Press, 1987. Pages 282-294.
Year of Publication: 1998.

95. Record Number: 4745
Author(s): Vinson, Martha P.
Contributor(s):
Title : Gender and Politics in the Post-Iconoclastic Period: The "Lives" of Anthony the Younger, the Empress Theodora, and the Patriarch Ignatios [the author argues that the "Life with Encomium of the Blessed and Holy Empress Theodora" and the "Life and Conduct of Saint Anthony the Younger" were written together to counter the iconoclast resentments, embodied in the aggressively masculine writings of Photios, against an iconophile government headed by a woman and surrounded by eunuch advisors; the author of the "Vita" of Saint Anthony uses an Aristotelian form of argumentation for the relative, placing the saint in the middle between lust and impotence, wanton aggression and effeminate cowardice, and other bi-polar extremes of gender stereotypes; the end result was a secularization of the ideas of sanctity and a reliance upon sex roles to characterize the saint].

Source: Byzantion , 68., 2 ( 1998): Pages 469 - 515.
Year of Publication: 1998.

96. Record Number: 5238
Author(s): Englade, Emilio.
Contributor(s):
Title : Straw for Youre Gentillesse: Masculine Identity, Honor, and Dorigen

Source: Publications of the Medieval Association of the Midwest , 5., ( 1998): Pages 34 - 57.
Year of Publication: 1998.

97. Record Number: 3610
Author(s): Dockray-Miller, Mary.
Contributor(s):
Title : Beowulf's Tears of Fatherhood [the author argues that since Hrothgar's masculine power is fading, he proposes to adopt the powerful and masculine Beowulf, but Beowulf rejects his proposal]

Source: Edited by Eileen A. Joy and Mary K. Ramsey with the assistance of Bruce D. Gilchrist Exemplaria: A Journal of Theory in Medieval and Renaissance Studies , 10., 1 (Spring 1998): Pages 1 - 28. Reprinted in The Postmodern "Beowulf": A Critical Casebook. Edited by Eileen A. Joy and Mary K. Ramsey with the assistance of Bruce D. Gilchrist. West Virginia University Press, 2006. Pages 439-466.
Year of Publication: 1998.

98. Record Number: 2901
Author(s): McSheffrey, Shannon.
Contributor(s):
Title : Jurors, Respectable Masculinity and Christian Morality: A Comment on Marjorie McIntosh's "Controlling Misbehavior"

Source: Journal of British Studies (Full Text via JSTOR) 37, 3 (July 1998): 269-278 Link Info
Year of Publication: 1998.

99. Record Number: 2971
Author(s): Strocchia, Sharon T.
Contributor(s):
Title : Gender and the Rites of Honour in Italian Renaissance Cities [ritual activity examined includes marriages, confraternities, mock battles and insults].

Source: Gender and Society in Renaissance Italy. Edited by Judith C. Brown and Robert C. Davis . Longman, 1998. Pages 39 - 60.
Year of Publication: 1998.

100. Record Number: 7208
Author(s): Carlson, Christina M.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Minstrel's Song of Silence: The Construction of Masculine Authority and the Feminized Other in the Romance "Sir Orfeo" [The author explores the gendered representations of Orfeo's kingdom contrasted with the feminized fairy kingdom. She argues that Orfeo's successes come at the expense of his wife Herodis. Yet her role is essential for his poetry and his identity. Title note supplied by Feminae.]

Source: Comitatus , 29., ( 1998): Pages 62 - 75.
Year of Publication: 1998.

101. Record Number: 2970
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : The Geography of Gender in the Renaissance

Source: Gender and Society in Renaissance Italy. Edited by Judith C. Brown and Robert C. Davis . Longman, 1998. Comitatus , 29., ( 1998): Pages 19 - 38.
Year of Publication: 1998.

102. Record Number: 3395
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Dominus/"Ancilla": Rhetorical Subjectivity and Sexual Violence in the Letters of Heloise

Source: The Tongue of the Fathers: Gender and Ideology in Twelfth-Century Latin. Edited by David Townsend and Andrew Taylor . University of Pennsylvania Press, 1998. Comitatus , 29., ( 1998): Pages 35 - 54.
Year of Publication: 1998.

103. Record Number: 2976
Author(s): Rocke, Michael.
Contributor(s):
Title : Gender and Sexual Culture in Renaissance Italy [among other subjects the author discusses male homosexuality, illicit sex including with prostitutes, and conjugal relations].

Source: Gender and Society in Renaissance Italy. Edited by Judith C. Brown and Robert C. Davis . Longman, 1998. Comitatus , 29., ( 1998): Pages 150 - 170. Reprinted in The Italian Renaissance. Edited by Paula Findlen. Blackwell Publishing, 2002. Pages 192-211
Year of Publication: 1998.

104. Record Number: 4059
Author(s): Leyser, Conrad.
Contributor(s):
Title : Vulnerability and Power: The Early Christian Rhetoric of Masculine Authority ["Well before the twelfth century, Christian men in positions of public power had developed a language with which to express and, if possible, turn to their advantage, the precariousness of their position. Trading on already established notions of moral masculinity, these men were unafraid to depict themselves as weak, inadequate, and continuously suffering rulers--because they knew that their political survival depended on their demonstrating their absolute disinterest in personal gain from their office." Pages 172- 173].

Source: Bulletin of the John Rylands University Library of Manchester , 80., 3 (Autumn 1998): Pages 159 - 173.
Year of Publication: 1998.

105. Record Number: 3519
Author(s): Sharp, Michael D.
Contributor(s):
Title : Remaking Medieval Heroism: Nationalism and Sexuality in "Braveheart" [The author argues that the film appeals to contemporary social values including nationalism and homophobia, by contrasting Wallace's masculinity and sexuality with the effete and homosexual English].

Source: Florilegium , 15., ( 1998): Pages 251 - 266.
Year of Publication: 1998.

106. Record Number: 3394
Author(s): Taylor, Andrew.
Contributor(s):
Title : A Second Ajax: Peter Abelard and the Violence of Dialectic [The author focuses on dialectic as a site of masculine aggression; at the same time he notes self-mockery and self-doubt in Abelard's writings].

Source: The Tongue of the Fathers: Gender and Ideology in Twelfth-Century Latin. Edited by David Townsend and Andrew Taylor . University of Pennsylvania Press, 1998. Florilegium , 15., ( 1998): Pages 14 - 34.
Year of Publication: 1998.

107. Record Number: 3612
Author(s): Lionarons, Joyce Tally.
Contributor(s):
Title : Cultural Syncretism and the Construction of Gender in Cynewulf's "Elene" [The author cites instances of gender category inversions; for example, Elene acts as a mother and spiritual mother while she takes on a masculine role using physical force to make Judas convert].

Source: Exemplaria: A Journal of Theory in Medieval and Renaissance Studies , 10., 1 (Spring 1998): Pages 51 - 68.
Year of Publication: 1998.

108. Record Number: 2422
Author(s): Dunton-Downer, Leslie.
Contributor(s):
Title : Wolf Man

Source: Becoming Male in the Middle Ages. Edited by Jeffrey Jerome Cohen and Bonnie Wheeler . Garland Publishing, 1997. Studies in the Age of Chaucer , 19., ( 1997): Pages 203 - 218.
Year of Publication: 1997.

109. Record Number: 7475
Author(s): Abdalla, Laila.
Contributor(s):
Title : Man, woman or monster: Some themes of female masculinity and transvestism in the Middle Ages and Renaissance

Source: Studies in the Age of Chaucer , 19., ( 1997):
Year of Publication: 1997.

110. Record Number: 2786
Author(s): Dockray-Miller, Mary.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Feminized Cross of "The Dream of the Rood" [interprets Christ as an aggressively heterosexual male figure whose heroism, masculinity, and majesty dominate the cross as the feminized other].

Source: Philological Quarterly , 76., 1 (Winter 1997): Pages 1 - 18.
Year of Publication: 1997.

111. Record Number: 3151
Author(s): Halsall, Paul.
Contributor(s):
Title : Wedded to Christ: Nuptiality and Gender Reversed in the "Lives" of Byzantine Male Saints

Source: Byzantine Studies Conference. Abstracts of Papers , 23., ( 1997): Pages 66
Year of Publication: 1997.

112. Record Number: 2423
Author(s): Wickham-Crowley, Kelley M.
Contributor(s):
Title : Gowther Among the Dogs: Becoming Inhuman c. 1400

Source: Becoming Male in the Middle Ages. Edited by Jeffrey Jerome Cohen and Bonnie Wheeler . Garland Publishing, 1997. Byzantine Studies Conference. Abstracts of Papers , 23., ( 1997): Pages 219 - 244.
Year of Publication: 1997.

113. Record Number: 34282
Author(s): Irvine, Martin,
Contributor(s):
Title : Abelard and (Re)Writing the Male Body: Castration, Identity, and Remasculinization

Source: Becoming Male in the Middle Ages. Edited by Jeffrey Jerome Cohen and Bonnie Wheeler . Garland Publishing, 1997. Studies in the Age of Chaucer , 19., ( 1997): Pages 87 - 106.
Year of Publication: 1997.

114. Record Number: 3913
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Boys Will Be... What? Gender, Sexuality, and Childhood in "Floire et Blancheflor" and "Floris et Lyriope" [The author argues that in both texts boyish sexuality leads to inappropriate choices, Floris transgresses social hierarchy and Floire calls into question the categories of gender and kinship].

Source: Exemplaria: A Journal of Theory in Medieval and Renaissance Studies , 9., 1 (Spring 1997): Pages 39 - 61.
Year of Publication: 1997.

115. Record Number: 2420
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Eunuchs Who Keep the Sabbath: Becoming Male and the Ascetic Ideal in Thirteenth-Century Jewish Mysticism

Source: Becoming Male in the Middle Ages. Edited by Jeffrey Jerome Cohen and Bonnie Wheeler . Garland Publishing, 1997. Exemplaria: A Journal of Theory in Medieval and Renaissance Studies , 9., 1 (Spring 1997): Pages 151 - 185.
Year of Publication: 1997.

116. Record Number: 2413
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Body Doubles: Producing the Masculine "Corpus" [survey of varous images of the male medieval body as producer, laborer, moneymaker, and sodomite].

117. Record Number: 2414
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Becoming Christian, Becoming Male? [Judaism and islam, in the view of medieval Christians, promoted gender disorder with feminized men and dominating women].

118. Record Number: 2418
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Origenary Fantasies: Abelard's Castration and Confession

119. Record Number: 2421
Author(s): Karras, Ruth Mazo.
Contributor(s):
Title : Sharing Wine, Women, and Song: Masculine Identity Formation in the Medieval European Universities

120. Record Number: 2360
Author(s): Lafont, Robert.
Contributor(s):
Title : La voix des dames [A psycho-historical reading of troubadour and trobairitz verses with an emphasis on the various roles that love played for male poets, both troubadours and jongleurs. The author also questions the biographies attributed to many of the trobairitz. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Revue des Langues Romanes , 101., 2 ( 1997): Pages 185 - 205.
Year of Publication: 1997.

121. Record Number: 2424
Author(s): Burger, Glenn.
Contributor(s):
Title : Erotic Discipline...Or "Tee Hee, I Like My Boys To Be Girls": Inventing With the Body in Chaucer's "Millers Tale"

Source: Becoming Male in the Middle Ages. Edited by Jeffrey Jerome Cohen and Bonnie Wheeler . Garland Publishing, 1997. Revue des Langues Romanes , 101., 2 ( 1997): Pages 245 - 260.
Year of Publication: 1997.

122. Record Number: 2427
Author(s): Epp, Garrett P.J.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Vicious Guise: Effeminacy, Sodomy, and "Mankind"

Source: Becoming Male in the Middle Ages. Edited by Jeffrey Jerome Cohen and Bonnie Wheeler . Garland Publishing, 1997. Revue des Langues Romanes , 101., 2 ( 1997): Pages 303 - 320.
Year of Publication: 1997.

123. Record Number: 2426
Author(s): Putter, Ad
Contributor(s):
Title : Tranvestite Knights in Medieval Life and Literature [men dress as women both in real-life tournaments and in such romances as "Meraugais de Portlesguez," Malory's "Sir Tristram," "Witasse le Moine," and "Claris et Laris"; the author argues that these situations serve to emphasize the cross-dressing hero's masculinity and make a joke of inept characters].

Source: Becoming Male in the Middle Ages. Edited by Jeffrey Jerome Cohen and Bonnie Wheeler . Garland Publishing, 1997. Revue des Langues Romanes , 101., 2 ( 1997): Pages 279 - 302.
Year of Publication: 1997.

124. Record Number: 2981
Author(s): Flynn, St. John E.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Saint of the Womanly Body: Raimon de Cornet's Fourteenth-Century Male Poetics [analyzes links between the Virgin and Bernard of Clairvaux in Raimon de Cornet's two religious poems which are written from a male point of view; the appendix gives the Latin texts of the two poems followed by the English translations].

Source: Sex and Gender in Medieval and Renaissance Texts: The Latin Tradition. Edited by Barbara K. Gold, Paul Allen Miller, and Charles Platter . State University of New York Press, 1997. Revue des Langues Romanes , 101., 2 ( 1997): Pages 91 - 109.
Year of Publication: 1997.

125. Record Number: 2428
Author(s): Sponsler, Claire.
Contributor(s):
Title : Outlaw Masculinities: Drag, Blackface, and Late Medieval Laboring-Class Festiviities

Source: Becoming Male in the Middle Ages. Edited by Jeffrey Jerome Cohen and Bonnie Wheeler . Garland Publishing, 1997. Revue des Langues Romanes , 101., 2 ( 1997): Pages 321 - 347.
Year of Publication: 1997.

126. Record Number: 2419
Author(s): Ferroul, Yves.
Contributor(s):
Title : Abelard's Blissful Castration

Source: Becoming Male in the Middle Ages. Edited by Jeffrey Jerome Cohen and Bonnie Wheeler . Garland Publishing, 1997. Revue des Langues Romanes , 101., 2 ( 1997): Pages 129 - 149.
Year of Publication: 1997.

127. Record Number: 2425
Author(s): Sturges, Robert S.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Pardoner, Veiled and Unveiled

Source: Becoming Male in the Middle Ages. Edited by Jeffrey Jerome Cohen and Bonnie Wheeler . Garland Publishing, 1997. Revue des Langues Romanes , 101., 2 ( 1997): Pages 261 - 277.
Year of Publication: 1997.

128. Record Number: 2416
Author(s): Townsend, David.
Contributor(s):
Title : Ironic Intertextuality and the Reader's Resistance to Heroic Masculinity in the "Waltharius" [suggests that monastic readers viewed Hildegund as a subversive character who undercut the warriors' bravado; comparisons are made with the "Aeneid's" Dido episode and slasher films].

Source: Becoming Male in the Middle Ages. Edited by Jeffrey Jerome Cohen and Bonnie Wheeler . Garland Publishing, 1997. Revue des Langues Romanes , 101., 2 ( 1997): Pages 67 - 86.
Year of Publication: 1997.

129. Record Number: 2429
Author(s): Uebel, Michael.
Contributor(s):
Title : On Becoming-Male

Source: Becoming Male in the Middle Ages. Edited by Jeffrey Jerome Cohen and Bonnie Wheeler . Garland Publishing, 1997. Revue des Langues Romanes , 101., 2 ( 1997): Pages 367 - 384.
Year of Publication: 1997.

130. Record Number: 3597
Author(s): Federico, Sylvia.
Contributor(s):
Title : A Fourteenth-Century Erotics of Politics: London as a Feminine New Troy

Source: Studies in the Age of Chaucer , 19., ( 1997): Pages 121 - 155.
Year of Publication: 1997.

131. Record Number: 3582
Author(s): Sheingorn, Pamela.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Maternal Behavior of God: Divine Father as Fantasy Husband

Source: Medieval Mothering. Edited by John Carmi Parsons and Bonnie Wheeler . Garland Publishing, 1996. Studies in the Age of Chaucer , 19., ( 1997): Pages 77 - 99.
Year of Publication: 1996.

132. Record Number: 20793
Author(s): Hendershot, Cyndy
Contributor(s):
Title : Male Subjectivity, "Fin Amor," and Melancholia in "The Book of the Duchess"

Source: Mediaevalia , 21., ( 1996): Pages 1 - 26.
Year of Publication: 1996.

133. Record Number: 3583
Author(s): Hale, Rosemary Drage.
Contributor(s):
Title : Joseph as Mother: Adaptation and Appropriation in the Construction of Male Virtue

Source: Medieval Mothering. Edited by John Carmi Parsons and Bonnie Wheeler . Garland Publishing, 1996. Studies in the Age of Chaucer , 19., ( 1997): Pages 101 - 116.
Year of Publication: 1996.

134. Record Number: 2994
Author(s): Itnyre, Cathy Jorgensen.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Emotional Universe of Medieval Icelandic Fathers and Sons [discusses the qualities that fathers want to find in their sons including courage, obedience, concern for family honor, and a physical ressemblance to the father; also breifly discusses the qualities that dissapoint including cowardice, disobedience, and associating with bad company].

Source: Medieval Family Roles: A Book of Essays. Edited by Cathy Jorgensen Itnyre . Garland Publishing, 1996. Studies in the Age of Chaucer , 19., ( 1997): Pages 173 - 196.
Year of Publication: 1996.

135. Record Number: 1019
Author(s): Drout, Michael D. C.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Influence of J. R. R. Tolkien's Masculinist Medievalism

Source: Medieval Feminist Newsletter , 22., (Fall 1996): Pages 26 - 27.
Year of Publication: 1996.

136. Record Number: 2349
Author(s): Drout, Michael.
Contributor(s):
Title : Reading Tolkien Reading "Beowulf": Is A "Masculinist" Interpreation Necessary?

Source: Old English Newsletter , 29., 3 (Spring 1996):
Year of Publication: 1996.

137. Record Number: 13837
Author(s): Karras, Ruth Mazo.
Contributor(s):
Title : Two Models, Two Standards: Moral Teaching and Sexual Mores [The author examines lay beliefs about sexual behavior in contrast to Church teaching. As evidence Karras analyzes the devotional text, "Dives and Pauper," and ecclesiastical court records. She finds instances of a double standard with women expected to be chaste while men had sex outside of marriage with the fault frequently lodged against the women who had "tempted" the men into sin. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Bodies and Disciplines: Intersections of Literature and History in Fifteenth-Century England. Edited by Barbara A. Hanawalt and David Wallace . Medieval Cultures series, 9. University of Minnesota Press, 1996. Old English Newsletter , 29., 3 (Spring 1996): Pages 123 - 138.
Year of Publication: 1996.

138. Record Number: 2432
Author(s): Sayers, William.
Contributor(s):
Title : Principled Women, Pressured Men: Nostalgia in "Fljótsdœla saga" [the last of the family sagas recalls an age in which heroic women and active men struggled for honor and material advantage].

Source: Reading Medieval Studies , 22., ( 1996): Pages 21 - 62.
Year of Publication: 1996.

139. Record Number: 1419
Author(s): Murray, Jacqueline.
Contributor(s):
Title : Hiding Behind the Universal Man: Male Sexuality in the Middle Ages [theological, medical, and secular sources provide a complex view that includes abstinence, aggression, and anxieties about impotence and sexual inadequacy].

Source: Handbook of Medieval Sexuality. Edited by Vern L. Bullough and James A. Brundage . Garland Reference Library of the Humanities vol. 1696. Garland Publishing, 1996. Reading Medieval Studies , 22., ( 1996): Pages 123 - 152.
Year of Publication: 1996.

140. Record Number: 1417
Author(s): Salisbury, Joyce E.
Contributor(s):
Title : Gendered Sexuality [male and female biology and sexuality as represented in religious and medical texts].

141. Record Number: 1861
Author(s): Palmer, Craig.
Contributor(s):
Title : A Question of Manhood: Overcoming the Paternal Homoerotic in Gottfried's "Tristan"

Source: Monatshefte , 88., 1 (Spring 1996): Pages 17 - 30.
Year of Publication: 1996.

142. Record Number: 131
Author(s): Smith, Bonnie G.
Contributor(s):
Title : Gender and the Practices of Scientific History: The Seminar and Archival Research in the Nineteenth Century

Source: American Historical Review (Full Text via JSTOR) 100, 4 (Oct. 1995): 1150-1176. Link Info
Year of Publication: 1995.

143. Record Number: 634
Author(s): Townshend, David.
Contributor(s):
Title : Omissions, Emissions, Missionaries, and Master Signifiers in Norman Canterbury [gender in Goscelin's life of St. Augustine of Canterbury].

Source: Exemplaria: A Journal of Theory in Medieval and Renaissance Studies , 7., 2 (Fall 1995): Pages 291 - 315.
Year of Publication: 1995.

144. Record Number: 2524
Author(s): Tarnowski, Andrea.
Contributor(s):
Title : Jehan et Blonde and the Exemplary Hero [argues that Jehan is represented as a hero, not only because of his feat of arms, but because of his skill with words as evidenced by his victory in a series of "gabs" or riddles with his rival in love, the Count of Gloucester].

Source: Comparative Literature Studies , 32., 2 ( 1995): Pages 262 - 279.
Year of Publication: 1995.

145. Record Number: 377
Author(s): Summit, Jennifer.
Contributor(s):
Title : William Caxton, Margaret Beaufort, and the Romance of Female Patronage ["Blanchardyn and Eglantine" as a sphere of masculine activity].

Source: Women, the Book and the Worldly: Selected Proceedings of the St. Hilda's Conference, 1993. Volume 2. [Volume 1: Women, the Book, and the Godly]. Edited by Lesley Smith and Jane H. M. Taylor . D.S.Brewer, 1995. Comparative Literature Studies , 32., 2 ( 1995): Pages 151 - 165.
Year of Publication: 1995.

146. Record Number: 346
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Spindle and the Sword: Gender, Sex, and Heroism in "Nibelungenlied" and "Kudrun"

Source: Germanic Review , 70., 3 (Summer 1995): Pages 106 - 115.
Year of Publication: 1995.

147. Record Number: 1871
Author(s): Dallapiazza, Michael.
Contributor(s):
Title : Männlich-Weiblich: Bilder des Scheiterns in Gottfrieds "Tristan" und Wolframs "Titurel"

Source: Arthurian Romance and Gender. Selected Proceedings of the XVIIth International Arthurian Congress. Edited by Friedrich Wolfzettel Internationale Forschungen zur Allgemeinen und Vergleichenden Literaturwissenschaft . Rodopi, 1995. Germanic Review , 70., 3 (Summer 1995): Pages 176 - 182.
Year of Publication: 1995.

148. Record Number: 285
Author(s): Badel, Pierre-Yves.
Contributor(s):
Title : Masculin, féminin dans le lai de "Guingamor"

Source: Cahiers de Civilization Médiévale , 38., 2 (Avril-Juin 1995): Pages 103 - 114.
Year of Publication: 1995.

149. Record Number: 353
Author(s): Armstrong, Elizabeth Psakis.
Contributor(s):
Title : Womanly Men and Manly Women in Thomas à Kempis and St. Teresa

Source: Vox Mystica: Essays on Medieval Mysticism in Honor of Professor Valerie M Lagorio. Edited by Anne Clark Bartlett, Thomas H. Bestul, Janet Goebel, and William F. Pollard . D.S. Brewer, 1995. Cahiers de Civilization Médiévale , 38., 2 (Avril-Juin 1995): Pages 107 - 115.
Year of Publication: 1995.

150. Record Number: 3562
Author(s): Baswell, Christopher.
Contributor(s):
Title : Men in the "Roman d'Eneas": The Construction of Empire [the author argues that the "Roman d'Eneas" is a controlled political and social work that confronts important issues in Angevin society including emergent manhood, patriarchal imperialism, and the limits of feminine power].

151. Record Number: 3560
Author(s): Spiegel, Harriet.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Male Animal in the "Fables" of Marie de France [The author explores both female and male worlds in both the public and private spheres].

152. Record Number: 3563
Author(s): Mirrer, Louise.
Contributor(s):
Title : Representing "Other" Men: Muslims, Jews and Masculine Ideals in Medieval Castilian Epic and Ballad [The author argues that the texts represent Muslim and Jewish men as docile and defeated; at the same time they stand in stark contrast to the Christian heroes who are manly and aggressive.]

153. Record Number: 3554
Author(s): McNamara, Jo Ann.
Contributor(s):
Title : The "Herrenfrage" : The Restructuring of the Gender System, 1050-1150

154. Record Number: 3555
Author(s): Bullough, Vern L.
Contributor(s):
Title : On Being a Male in the Middle Ages

155. Record Number: 1488
Author(s): Vasvari, Louise O.
Contributor(s):
Title : Festive Phallic Discourse in the "Libro del Arcipreste" [discussion of four episodes in the Libro de Buen Amor which are strongly colored by sexual violence and phallic humor].

Source: Corónica , 22., 2 (Spring 1994): Pages 89 - 117.
Year of Publication: 1994.

156. Record Number: 1325
Author(s): Thompson, Augustine, O.P.
Contributor(s):
Title : Hildegard of Bingen on Gender and the Priesthood

Source: Church History (Full Text via JSTOR) 63, 3 (Sept. 1994): 349-364. Link Info
Year of Publication: 1994.

157. Record Number: 3561
Author(s): Lees, Clare A.
Contributor(s):
Title : Men and "Beowulf" [The author argues that the masculinity in "Beowulf" is not as transparent as earlier critics have thought; the poem is both appreciative and critical of the patriarchal warriors].

Source: Medieval Masculinities: Regarding Men in the Middle Ages. Edited by Clare A. Lees with the assistance of Thelma Fenster and Jo Ann McNamara Medieval Cultures, 7. University of Minnesota Press, 1994. Pages 129 - 148. Reprinted in The Postmodern "Beowulf": A Critical Casebook. Edited by Eileen A. Joy and Mary K. Ramsey with the assistance of Bruce D. Gilchrist. West Virginia University Press, 2006. Pages 417-438.
Year of Publication: 1994.

158. Record Number: 3556
Author(s): Kinney, Clare R.
Contributor(s):
Title : The (Dis) Embodied Hero and the Signs of Manhood in "Sir Gawain and the Green Knight"

159. Record Number: 1557
Author(s): Gaudet, Minnette.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Rhetoric of Desire in the "Cansos" of Bernart de Ventadorn [psychoanalytic and feminist readings of Bernart's verses as a means to restore his masculinity and counter his lady's power and frightening sexuality].

Source: Romance Languages Annual , 6., ( 1994): Pages 67 - 74.
Year of Publication: 1994.

160. Record Number: 10526
Author(s): Duby, Georges.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Courtly Model [In the model of courtly love that emerged in twelfth-century France, the aristocratic man submits completely to the will of the exalted “domna” (lady). The author examines whether this model of male-female relations (which appears to give the woman great power) actually resulted in a change in social attitudes toward women or an improvement in their condition. Aristocrats adopted the courtly love model from troubadour poetry and other forms of literature, and practicing courtly love allowed noble men to prove their masculinity through displays like tournaments. Although the condition of women improved by means of the courtly love paradigm, the status of men improved as well so the distance between the sexes remained largely the same. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: A History of Women in the West. Volume 2: Silences of the Middle Ages. Edited by Christiane Klapisch-Zuber . Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1992. Romance Languages Annual , 6., ( 1994): Pages 250 - 266.
Year of Publication: 1992.

161. Record Number: 9527
Author(s): Banner, Lois.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Fashionable Sex, 1100-1600 [The bodies of young men were often eroticized in late medieval and early modern Europe. Men’s clothing emphasized parts of the body associated with male sexuality and power, with shoes emphasizing the feet, fitted tights and trousers highlighting the legs, and codpieces drawing attention to the genitals. Clothing also indicated social class; for instance, poulaines (long, slender shoes) were associated with aristocrats and broad, short shoes with peasants. Changes in warfare and in social attitudes influenced evolving male fashions. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: History Today , 42., (April 1992): Pages 37 - 44.
Year of Publication: 1992.

162. Record Number: 9127
Author(s): Besamusca, Bart.
Contributor(s):
Title : Gauvain as Lover in the Middle Dutch Verse Romance "Walewein" [Gauvain is presented in the Dutch romance as an ideal knight and lover. The negative qualities traditionally associated with him are missing. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Arthurian Yearbook , 2., ( 1992): Pages 3 - 12.
Year of Publication: 1992.

163. Record Number: 8500
Author(s): Benedetti, Roberto.
Contributor(s):
Title : Uno spazio esclusivo. Il pino e la donna negli antichi testi francesi [In certain chansons de geste and romances the pine tree designates a masculine space. The pine is tied to the assertion of a right order dominated by men. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Mediaevistik , 4., ( 1991): Pages 7 - 19.
Year of Publication: 1991.

164. Record Number: 11202
Author(s): Fite, Patricia P.
Contributor(s):
Title : To “Sytt and Syng of Luf Langyng”: The Feminine Dynamic of Richard Rolle’s Mysticism [Richard Rolle combines masculine and feminine dimensions of spirituality in his mystical writings. He uses feminized language as an alternative to the discourse of clerical authority, invoking the language of “luf langyng” (yearning for love) to express the mystical union of body and soul and the intense desire for union with the divine. Rolle’s concept of spiritual integration and affinity with the feminine anticipates the psychic theories of Carl Jung. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Studia Mystica , 14., 40212 (Summer/Fall 1991): Pages 13 - 29.
Year of Publication: 1991.

165. Record Number: 11671
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Sexual Discourse through the Image of the Unicorn in Richard de Fournival's "Bestiaire d' amour" and "Response" [The author contrasts Richard de Fournival's use of the unicorn with that of the woman who wrote the "Response." For Richard the unicorn symbolizes men who are victims of unloving women, while the woman sees the unicorn as the man who deceives with "soft words." Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Romance Languages Annual , 3., ( 1991): Pages 108 - 110.
Year of Publication: 1991.

166. Record Number: 11048
Author(s): Durling, Nancy Vine.
Contributor(s):
Title : “Mieux vaut jamais que tard”: Romance, Philology, and Old French Letters [The author discusses the shift in Old French philological studies away from the pleasure associated with romanticism and the feminine towards a rigid, exclusive privileging of “masculine,” scientific mastery. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Representations (Full Text via JSTOR) 36 (Autumn 1991): 64-86. Link Info
Year of Publication: 1991.

167. Record Number: 12747
Author(s): Emison, Patricia.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Word Made Naked in Pollaiuolo's "Battle of the Nudes" [It is unknown whether Antonio Pollaiuolo's late fifteenth century engraving of nude men engaged in battle refers to a text or not. While previous depictions of nude males (such as figures of David) often relied upon an explicit or implicit textual reference and depicted the youthful male as the ideal of masculine beauty, Pollaiulo's engraving does not clearly invoke any text and offers a virile, adult ideal for the male nude. Interpretations of the engraving have varied, as some of the items throughout the image (such as weapons and chains) could have allegorical significance if they are interpreted as iconography. The author suggests that works of art produced during Pollaiuolo's time that feature nudes, which some have tried to interpret as depicting certain classical myths, epics, or moments in history, may communicate as images without reference to any text. Artists may produce works of art for purely formal or aesthetic reasons with no subject or text in mind. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Art History , 13., 3 ( 1990): Pages 261 - 275.
Year of Publication: 1990.

168. Record Number: 11196
Author(s): Ahern, John.
Contributor(s):
Title : Nudi Grammantes: The Grammar and Rhetoric of Deviation in Inferno XV [Male genitalia have a complex range of metaphorical meanings. Certain writers in the medieval rhetorical tradition align sexuality and rhetoric, comparing forms unorthodox sexuality (like sodomy) with perversions of language. Most notably, Brunetto Latini, a grammarian and sodomite who appears in the Inferno, uses a series of puns involving the word “fico” (fig or tree), confusing the word’s natural (biological) and grammatical gender. In Latin and Italian, this word (meaning both tree and fruit) could metaphorically stand for either the male or the female sexual organs. Brunetto’s learned yet ambiguous use of language thus suggests his own sexual deviancy. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Romanic Review , 81., 4 ( 1990): Pages 466 - 486.
Year of Publication: 1990.

169. Record Number: 23419
Author(s): William of Malmesbury
Contributor(s):
Title : The Courtly Fashion of Long Hair (ca. 1130) [From Recent History]

Source: The Broadview Book of Medieval Anecdotes. Edited by Richard Kay, compiler . Broadview Press, 1988. Romanic Review , 81., 4 ( 1990): Pages 188 - 189.
Year of Publication: 1988.

170. Record Number: 31498
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Ill-Assorted Couple