Feminae: Medieval Women and Gender Index

434 Record(s) Found in our database

Search Results

1. Record Number: 44515
Author(s): Solomon ibn Adret, Rabbi and Sarah Ifft Decker
Contributor(s):
Title : Rabbi Solomon ibn Adret, She'elot u-Teshuvot, VI.4: Responsum on Jewish Law, Dowry Restitution and Christian Courts

Source: Jewish Women in the Medieval World: 500-1500 CE. Sarah Ifft Decker. Edited by Sarah Ifft Decker, translator of Document 22 . Routledge, 2022. Pages 138 - 138.
Year of Publication: 2022.

2. Record Number: 44812
Author(s): Maimonides, Moses
Contributor(s):
Title : Sexual Transgressions and the Law [a. Mishneh Torah, b. Constitutions of Melfi, c. Siete Partidas, d. Ottoman law]

Source: Texts from the Middle: Documents from the Mediterranean World, 650–1650. Edited by Thomas E. Burman, Brian A. Catlos and Mark D. Meyerson . University of California Press, 2022. Pages 216 - 219.
Year of Publication: 2022.

3. Record Number: 44813
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Responses to the Plague: Valencia and Cairo

4. Record Number: 44843
Author(s): Bartolus of Sassoferrato, ,
Contributor(s):
Title : The Devil Makes His Case

Source: The Medieval Devil: A Reader. Edited by Richard Raiswell and David R. Winter . University of Toronto Press, 2022. Pages 282 - 287.
Year of Publication: 2022.

5. Record Number: 45213
Author(s): Eleazar ben Judah of Worms, Rabbi and Neta Bodner,
Contributor(s):
Title : Marital Relations and the Laws of Penance (Hilkhot Teshuvah), Eleazar of Worms

Source: Jewish Everyday Life in Medieval Northern Europe, 1080-1350: A Sourcebook. Edited by Tzafrir Barzilay, Eyal Levinson, and Elisheva Baumgarten. The text is translated by Neta Bodner and comes from Sefer haRokeah, (Jerusalem: Yerid haSefarim, 2008), Hilkhot Teshuva, §14. . 2022. Pages 10 - 11. The book is available open access: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/mip_teamsdp/9/
Year of Publication: 2022.

6. Record Number: 45217
Author(s): Levinson, Eyal,
Contributor(s):
Title : Mock Marriages: The Story of Nathan and Ganna

Source: Jewish Everyday Life in Medieval Northern Europe, 1080-1350: A Sourcebook. Edited by Tzafrir Barzilay, Eyal Levinson, and Elisheva Baumgarten. The text is introduced by Eyal Levinson from Teshuvot Ba’alei HaTosafot ed. Irving Agus (New York: Talpioth, 1954), 165, §85. . 2022. Pages 19 - 20. The book is available open access: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/mip_teamsdp/9/
Year of Publication: 2022.

7. Record Number: 45219
Author(s): Jacob ben Meir (Rabbenu Tam), , and Miri Fenton,
Contributor(s):
Title : Absent Husbands and Lonely Wives

Source: Jewish Everyday Life in Medieval Northern Europe, 1080-1350: A Sourcebook. Edited by Tzafrir Barzilay, Eyal Levinson, and Elisheva Baumgarten. The text is presented by Miri Fenton and comes from Louis Finkelstein, Jewish Self-Government in the Middle Ages (Jewish Theological Seminary of America, 1924), 168–70 . 2022. Pages 35 - 37. The book is available open access: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/mip_teamsdp/9/
Year of Publication: 2022.

8. Record Number: 45224
Author(s): Meir of Rothenburg, , Rabbi, Mordekhai son of Hillel haCohen, and Etelle Kalaora,
Contributor(s):
Title : The Case of Levirate Marriage (Yibbum) Refusal

Source: Jewish Everyday Life in Medieval Northern Europe, 1080-1350: A Sourcebook. Edited by Tzafrir Barzilay, Eyal Levinson, and Elisheva Baumgarten. The text is introduced by Etelle Kalaora, written by Mordekhai son of Hillel haCohen and comes from Meir ben Barukh of Rothenburg, Shut Maharam b. Barukh, vol. 1(Jerusalem: Makhon Yerushalaim, 2014), §492. . 2022. Pages 53 - 54. The book is available open access: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/mip_teamsdp/9/
Year of Publication: 2022.

9. Record Number: 45225
Author(s): Jacob son of Judah Hazan, , and Adi Namia-Cohen,
Contributor(s):
Title : Providing Her Sustenance: Local Customs and the Daily Meal

Source: Jewish Everyday Life in Medieval Northern Europe, 1080-1350: A Sourcebook. Edited by Tzafrir Barzilay, Eyal Levinson, and Elisheva Baumgarten. The text is introduced by Adi Namia-Cohen and comes from Jacob son of Judah Hazan of London, Sefer Etz Haim, vol. 2 (Jerusalem: haRav Kook Institution, 1967), Alimony Law, 245 . 2022. Pages 55 - 56. The book is available open access: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/mip_teamsdp/9/
Year of Publication: 2022.

10. Record Number: 45226
Author(s): Isaac son of Meir haLevi, , and Tzafrir Barzilay,
Contributor(s):
Title : The Custom of Having Sexual Relations on Sabbath Eve

Source: Jewish Everyday Life in Medieval Northern Europe, 1080-1350: A Sourcebook. Edited by Tzafrir Barzilay, Eyal Levinson, and Elisheva Baumgarten. The text is introduced by Tzafrir Barzilay and comes from Israel Elfenbein, “Minhagim Yeshanim mi-Dura,” Horeb 10 (1948): 129–84, 157 . 2022. Pages 57 - 58. The book is available open access: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/mip_teamsdp/9/
Year of Publication: 2022.

11. Record Number: 45227
Author(s): Meir of Rothenburg, , Rabbi and Elisheva Baumgarten
Contributor(s):
Title : Travel on the Sabbath

Source: Jewish Everyday Life in Medieval Northern Europe, 1080-1350: A Sourcebook. Edited by Tzafrir Barzilay, Eyal Levinson, and Elisheva Baumgarten. The text is introduced by Elisheva Baumgarten and comes from Simcha Emanuel, The Responsa of Rabbi Meir of Rothenburg and his Companions (Alon Shvut: World Union of Jewish Studies, 2014), 739, §374 . 2022. Pages 59 - 60. The book is available open access: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/mip_teamsdp/9/
Year of Publication: 2022.

12. Record Number: 45228
Author(s): Jacob son of Judah haLevi, , and Aviya Doron,
Contributor(s):
Title : Guardianship Agreement in Hebrew and Latin

Source: Jewish Everyday Life in Medieval Northern Europe, 1080-1350: A Sourcebook. Edited by Tzafrir Barzilay, Eyal Levinson, and Elisheva Baumgarten. The text is introduced by Aviya Doron and comes from Theodore Kwasman, “Die mittelalterlichen ju¨dischen Grabsteine in Rothenburg o. d. T,” in Zur Geschichte der mittelalterlichen ju¨dischen Gemeinde in Rothenburg ob der Tauber. Rabbi Meir ben Baruch von Rothenburg zum Gedenken an seinen 700. Todestag, ed. Hilde Merz (Rothenburg: Verein Alt-Rothenburg, 1993), 115–19. D. . 2022. Pages 60 - 60. The book is available open access: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/mip_teamsdp/9/
Year of Publication: 2022.

13. Record Number: 44522
Author(s): McDougall, Sara
Contributor(s):
Title : Singlewomen and Illicit Pregnancy in Late Medieval France: The Case of Marie Ribou (1481)

Source: French Historical Studies , 44., 3 ( 2021): Pages 529 - 558. Available with a subscription from Duke University Press: https://doi.org/10.1215/00161071-9005021
Year of Publication: 2021.

14. Record Number: 44764
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Llanthony Story #38: Philip, king of France, restores a vineyard to a widow

Source: The Llanthony Stories: A Translation of the Narrationes aliquot fabulosae. Edited by David R. Winter . Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies, 2021. French Historical Studies , 44., 3 ( 2021): Pages 89 - 90.
Year of Publication: 2021.

15. Record Number: 43204
Author(s): Johnston, Mark D.
Contributor(s):
Title : Sex, Lies and verdugados: Juana of Portugal and the Invention of Hoopskirts

Source: Medieval Clothing and Textiles , 16., ( 2020): Pages 101 - 122.
Year of Publication: 2020.

16. Record Number: 43453
Author(s): Hutchison, Emily J.,
Contributor(s):
Title : Sex, Knowledge and ‘Women of Sin’ in the Registre Criminel du Châtelet de Paris (1389–92)

Source: Gender and History , 32., 1 ( 2020): Pages 131 - 148. Available with a subscription: https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0424.12459
Year of Publication: 2020.

17. Record Number: 44528
Author(s): Kirshner, Julius, Osvaldo Cavallar and Stephanus de Bonacursis,
Contributor(s):
Title : Bella Figura: Florentine Jurists and Their Wives

Source: Jurists and Jurisprudence in Medieval Italy: Texts and Contexts. Edited by Osvaldo Cavallar and Julius Kirshner . University of Toronto Press, 2020. Gender and History , 32., 1 ( 2020): Pages 233 - 244. Available with a subscription from JSTOR: https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.3138/j.ctv179h1fw.21
and from De Gruyter: https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.3138/9781487536336-007/pdf
Year of Publication: 2020.

18. Record Number: 44529
Author(s): Coppolis, Ivus de, , Julius Kirshner and Osvaldo Cavallar
Contributor(s):
Title : Adultery

Source: Jurists and Jurisprudence in Medieval Italy: Texts and Contexts. Edited by Osvaldo Cavallar and Julius Kirshner . University of Toronto Press, 2020. Gender and History , 32., 1 ( 2020): Pages 432 - 443. Available with a subscription from JSTOR: https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.3138/j.ctv179h1fw.32
and from De Gruyter: https://doi.org/10.3138/9781487536336-009
Year of Publication: 2020.

19. Record Number: 44530
Author(s): Albericus of Rosciate, , , Bartolus of Sassoferrato, , Julius Kirshner and Osvaldo Cavallar
Contributor(s):
Title : Abortion

Source: Jurists and Jurisprudence in Medieval Italy: Texts and Contexts. Edited by Osvaldo Cavallar and Julius Kirshner . University of Toronto Press, 2020. Gender and History , 32., 1 ( 2020): Pages 444 - 462. Available with a subscription from JSTOR: https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.3138/j.ctv179h1fw.33
and from De Gruyter: https://doi.org/10.3138/9781487536336-009
Year of Publication: 2020.

20. Record Number: 44531
Author(s): Accursius, , , Bartolus of Sassoferrato, , Julius Kirshner and Osvaldo Cavallar
Contributor(s):
Title : Married Women's Citizenship (1)

Source: Jurists and Jurisprudence in Medieval Italy: Texts and Contexts. Edited by Osvaldo Cavallar and Julius Kirshner . University of Toronto Press, 2020. Gender and History , 32., 1 ( 2020): Pages 551 - 559. Available with a subscription from JSTOR: https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.3138/j.ctv179h1fw.40
and from De Gruyter: https://doi.org/10.3138/9781487536336-010
Year of Publication: 2020.

21. Record Number: 44532
Author(s): Jacobus of Fermo, , , Dionisius de Barigianis, , Julius Kirshner and Osvaldo Cavallar
Contributor(s):
Title : Married Women's Citizenship (2)

Source: Jurists and Jurisprudence in Medieval Italy: Texts and Contexts. Edited by Osvaldo Cavallar and Julius Kirshner . University of Toronto Press, 2020. Gender and History , 32., 1 ( 2020): Pages 560 - 568. Available with a subscription from JSTOR: https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.3138/j.ctv179h1fw.41
and from De Gruyter: https://doi.org/10.3138/9781487536336-010
Year of Publication: 2020.

22. Record Number: 44533
Author(s): Albericus of Rosciate, , , Angelus de Gambilionibus, , Julius Kirshner and Osvaldo Cavallar
Contributor(s):
Title : Paternal Power (Patria Potestas)

Source: Jurists and Jurisprudence in Medieval Italy: Texts and Contexts. Edited by Osvaldo Cavallar and Julius Kirshner . University of Toronto Press, 2020. Gender and History , 32., 1 ( 2020): Pages 581 - 612. Available with a subscription from JSTOR: https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.3138/j.ctv179h1fw.43
and from De Gruyter: https://doi.org/10.3138/9781487536336-011
Year of Publication: 2020.

23. Record Number: 44534
Author(s): Barzis, Benedictus de, , Julius Kirshner and Osvaldo Cavallar
Contributor(s):
Title : Children Born Illegitimately

Source: Jurists and Jurisprudence in Medieval Italy: Texts and Contexts. Edited by Osvaldo Cavallar and Julius Kirshner . University of Toronto Press, 2020. Gender and History , 32., 1 ( 2020): Pages 613 - 675. Available with a subscription from JSTOR: https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.3138/j.ctv179h1fw.44

Year of Publication: 2020.

24. Record Number: 44535
Author(s): Kirshner, Julius and Osvaldo Cavallar
Contributor(s):
Title : Contracting Marriage in Late Medieval Florence

Source: Jurists and Jurisprudence in Medieval Italy: Texts and Contexts. Edited by Osvaldo Cavallar and Julius Kirshner . University of Toronto Press, 2020. Gender and History , 32., 1 ( 2020): Pages 676 - 686. Available with a subscription from JSTOR: https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.3138/j.ctv179h1fw.45
and from De Gruyter: https://doi.org/10.3138/9781487536336-011
Year of Publication: 2020.

25. Record Number: 44536
Author(s): Kirshner, Julius, Martinus Gosia, and Osvaldo Cavallar
Contributor(s):
Title : Dowries

Source: Jurists and Jurisprudence in Medieval Italy: Texts and Contexts. Edited by Osvaldo Cavallar and Julius Kirshner . University of Toronto Press, 2020. Gender and History , 32., 1 ( 2020): Pages 687 - 725. Available with a subscription from JSTOR: https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.3138/j.ctv179h1fw.46
and from De Gruyter: https://doi.org/10.3138/9781487536336-011
Year of Publication: 2020.

26. Record Number: 44537
Author(s): Bartolus of Sassoferrato, , , Angelus de Ubaldis, , Julius Kirshner, Osvaldo Cavallar and Petrus de Albisis ,
Contributor(s):
Title : Vested Interests

Source: Jurists and Jurisprudence in Medieval Italy: Texts and Contexts. Edited by Osvaldo Cavallar and Julius Kirshner . University of Toronto Press, 2020. Gender and History , 32., 1 ( 2020): Pages 726 - 737. Available with a subscription from JSTOR: https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.3138/j.ctv179h1fw.47
and from De Gruyter: https://doi.org/10.3138/9781487536336-011
Year of Publication: 2020.

27. Record Number: 44538
Author(s): Ubaldis, Baldus de, Julius Kirshner and Osvaldo Cavallar
Contributor(s):
Title : Prohibition of Gifts between Husband and Wife

Source: Jurists and Jurisprudence in Medieval Italy: Texts and Contexts. Edited by Osvaldo Cavallar and Julius Kirshner . University of Toronto Press, 2020. Gender and History , 32., 1 ( 2020): Pages 738 - 758. Available with a subscription from JSTOR: https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.3138/j.ctv179h1fw.48
and from De Gruyter: https://doi.org/10.3138/9781487536336-011
Year of Publication: 2020.

28. Record Number: 44539
Author(s): Ubaldis, Baldus de, Franciscus de Albergottis, , Julius Kirshner and Osvaldo Cavallar
Contributor(s):
Title : Remarriage of Widows and Conflicting Claims to the Dowry

Source: Jurists and Jurisprudence in Medieval Italy: Texts and Contexts. Edited by Osvaldo Cavallar and Julius Kirshner . University of Toronto Press, 2020. Gender and History , 32., 1 ( 2020): Pages 759 - 772. Available with a subscription from JSTOR: https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.3138/j.ctv179h1fw.49
and from De Gruyter: https://doi.org/10.3138/9781487536336-011
Year of Publication: 2020.

29. Record Number: 44540
Author(s): Bartolus of Sassoferrato, , , Angelus de Ubaldis, , Julius Kirshner and Osvaldo Cavallar
Contributor(s):
Title : Testamentary and Intestate Succession

Source: Jurists and Jurisprudence in Medieval Italy: Texts and Contexts. Edited by Osvaldo Cavallar and Julius Kirshner . University of Toronto Press, 2020. Gender and History , 32., 1 ( 2020): Pages 773 - 799. Available with a subscription from JSTOR: https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.3138/j.ctv179h1fw.50
and from De Gruyter: https://doi.org/10.3138/9781487536336-011
Year of Publication: 2020.

30. Record Number: 44704
Author(s): Sturluson, Snorri
Contributor(s):
Title : Same-Sex Encounters: (a) Penitential of Saint Thorlak, (b) Civil Penalties in Early Norwegian Law, (c) Njal Gives a Garment to Flosi, (d) King Harold Gormsson and the Land-Spirits, (e) Gisli Sursson Fights Skeggi the Berserk

Source: The Viking Age: A Reader. Edited by Angus A. Somerville and R. Andrew McDonald . University of Toronto Press, 2020. Gender and History , 32., 1 ( 2020): Pages 132 - 137.
Year of Publication: 2020.

31. Record Number: 44720
Author(s): Sturluson, Snorri
Contributor(s):
Title : Gender Instability: Trans-Gender and Gender-Shifting: (a) From Gulathing Law: On Seriously Insulting Speech, (c) From Loki’s Flyting (Lokasenna), (d) Loki and Svadilfari: Loki’s Adventure as a Mare

Source: The Viking Age: A Reader. Edited by Angus A. Somerville and R. Andrew McDonald . University of Toronto Press, 2020. Gender and History , 32., 1 ( 2020): Pages 138 - 143.
Year of Publication: 2020.

32. Record Number: 44750
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Unmanly Men: (a) Deadly Insults from Grágás, (b) A Flyting between Sinfjotli and Gudmund, (c) Egil in Old Age

Source: The Viking Age: A Reader. Edited by Angus A. Somerville and R. Andrew McDonald . University of Toronto Press, 2020. Gender and History , 32., 1 ( 2020): Pages 91 - 96.
Year of Publication: 2020.

33. Record Number: 44894
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Punishments for Impregnating a Female Slave in Genoa

Source: The Intolerant Middle Ages: A Reader. Edited by Eugene Smelyansky . University of Toronto Press, 2020. Gender and History , 32., 1 ( 2020): Pages 162 - 164.
Year of Publication: 2020.

34. Record Number: 44897
Author(s): Friedrich II, ,
Contributor(s):
Title : Women in the Sicilian Laws of Frederick II

Source: The Intolerant Middle Ages: A Reader. Edited by Eugene Smelyansky . University of Toronto Press, 2020. Gender and History , 32., 1 ( 2020): Pages 216 - 222.
Year of Publication: 2020.

35. Record Number: 44900
Author(s): Hakkym ben Jehiel Cohen Falcon, ,
Contributor(s):
Title : Marital Problems: An Innkeeper’s Wife Leaves Him

Source: The Intolerant Middle Ages: A Reader. Edited by Eugene Smelyansky . University of Toronto Press, 2020. Gender and History , 32., 1 ( 2020): Pages 233 - 237.
Year of Publication: 2020.

36. Record Number: 45000
Author(s): Purnell, Alison,
Contributor(s):
Title : York Cause Paper E.92: Redyng c. Boton (1366–67)

Source: Medieval Disability Sourcebook: Western Europe. Edited by Cameron Hunt McNabb . punctum books, 2020. Gender and History , 32., 1 ( 2020): Pages 25 - 55. Available open access from the JSTOR website: https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv11hptcd.4
Year of Publication: 2020.

37. Record Number: 45001
Author(s): Buhrer, Eliza,
Contributor(s):
Title : Mental Competency Inquisitions from Medieval England (ca. late 12th c.–early 15th c.)

Source: Medieval Disability Sourcebook: Western Europe. Edited by Cameron Hunt McNabb . punctum books, 2020. Gender and History , 32., 1 ( 2020): Pages 56 - 68. Available open access from the JSTOR website: https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv11hptcd.5
Year of Publication: 2020.

38. Record Number: 45011
Author(s): Chaucer, Geoffrey and Paul A. Broyles,
Contributor(s):
Title : The Man of Law’s Tale from The Canterbury Tales (ca. 1387–1400)

Source: Medieval Disability Sourcebook: Western Europe. Edited by Cameron Hunt McNabb . punctum books, 2020. Gender and History , 32., 1 ( 2020): Pages 260 - 275. Available open access from the JSTOR website: https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv11hptcd.26
Year of Publication: 2020.

39. Record Number: 43188
Author(s): Dusil, Stephan,
Contributor(s):
Title : The Emerging Jurisprudence, the Second Lateran Council of 1139 and the Development of Canonical Impediments

Source: The Use of Canon Law in Ecclesiastical Administration, 1000 – 1234. Edited by Melodie H. Eichbauer and Danica Summerlin . Brill, 2019. Gender and History , 32., 1 ( 2020): Pages 140 - 158.
Year of Publication: 2019.

40. Record Number: 39175
Author(s): Wei, John C.
Contributor(s):
Title : From Penitential Theology to the Canon Law of Magic

Source: Gratian the Theologian. John C. Wei . Catholic University of America Press, 2016. Gender and History , 32., 1 ( 2020): Pages 186 - 226.
Year of Publication: 2016.

41. Record Number: 35784
Author(s): Innocent III, Pope
Contributor(s): Cheney, C. R., translator
Title : Letters of Innocent III to Hubert Walter on the Preaching and Financing of the Crusade, 1200-1201

Source: Crusade and Christendom: Annotated Documents in Translation from Innocent III to the Fall of Acre, 1187-1291. Edited by Jessalynn Bird, Edward Peters, and James M. Powell . University of Pennsylvania Press, 2013. Gender and History , 32., 1 ( 2020): Pages 47 - 52.
Year of Publication: 2013.

42. Record Number: 38478
Author(s): [no author]
Contributor(s):
Title : La Prammatica sulle vesti delle donne fiorentine (Firenze 1343-1345)

Source: Draghi rossi e querce azzurre: elenchi descrittivi di abiti di lusso (Firenze 1343-1345). Edited by Laurence Gérard-Marchant . SISMEL, 2013. Gender and History , 32., 1 ( 2020): Pages 1 - 516.
Year of Publication: 2013.

43. Record Number: 39946
Author(s): Sourdel, Dominique, , Janine Sourdel-Thomine, and Jean-Michel Mouton
Contributor(s):
Title : Mariage et séparation à Damas au Moyen Âge

Source: Mariage et séparation à Damas au Moyen Âge: Un corpus de 62 documents juridiques inédits entre 337/948 et 698/1299. Edited by Jean-Michel Mouton, Dominique Sourdel and Janine Sourdel-Thomine . Académie des inscriptions et belles-lettres, 2013. Gender and History , 32., 1 ( 2020): Pages 69 - 243.
Year of Publication: 2013.

44. Record Number: 32974
Author(s): Nilsson, Bertil,
Contributor(s):
Title : The Lars Vit Case: A Fragmentary Example of Swedish Ecclesiastical Legal Practice and Sexual Mentality at the Beginning of the Fifteenth Century

Source: Medieval Christianity in the North: New Studies. Edited by Kirsi Salonen, Kurt Villads Jensen, and Torstein Jørgensen . Brepols, 2012. Gender and History , 32., 1 ( 2020): Pages 237 - 260.
Year of Publication: 2012.

45. Record Number: 29191
Author(s): Timmermann, Achim,
Contributor(s):
Title : Frau Venus, the Eucharist, and the Jews of Landshut

Source: Judaism and Christian Art: Aesthetic Anxieties from the Catacombs to Colonialism. Edited by Herbert L. Kessler and David Nirenberg . university of Pennsylvania Press, 2011. Gender and History , 32., 1 ( 2020): Pages 183 - 202.
Year of Publication: 2011.

46. Record Number: 29256
Author(s): Rowe, Nina,
Contributor(s):
Title : Rethinking "Ecclesia" and "Synagoga" in the Thirteenth Century [The author argues that the representation of "Synagoga" in the sculptural programs at Bamberg, Reims, and Strasbourg was meant to project a view of Judaism as subordinate to "Ecclesia" triumphant and to the kingly rulers on the portals. Title note suppl

Source: Gothic Art and Thought in the Later Medieval Period: Essays in Honor of Willibald Sauerländer. Edited by Colum Hourihane . Index of Christian Art, Department of Art and Archaeology, Princeton University in association with Penn State University Press, 2011. Gender and History , 32., 1 ( 2020): Pages 264 - 291.
Year of Publication: 2011.

47. Record Number: 29863
Author(s): Curry, Anne,
Contributor(s):
Title : The Theory and Practice of Female Immunity in the Medieval West

Source: Sexual Violence in Conflict Zones: From the Ancient World to the Era of Human Rights. Edited by Elizabeth D. Heineman . University of Pennsylvania Press, 2011. Gender and History , 32., 1 ( 2020): Pages 173 - 188.
Year of Publication: 2011.

48. Record Number: 25137
Author(s): Brizio, Elena
Contributor(s):
Title : In the Shadow of the Campo: Sienese Women and Their Families (c. 1400- 1600) [Although Siena issued statutes limiting women's agency, Sienese women found ways to exercise power over property to benefit their families and themselves. Women also served as executors of wills and guardians of minor children. Sienese women occasionally played political roles, especially when the men of the family were in exile. Title note supplied by Feminae.]

Source: Across the Religious Divide: Women, Property, and Law in the Wider Mediterranean (ca. 1300- 1800). Edited by Jutta Gisela Sperling and Shona Kelly Wray . Routledge, 2010. Gender and History , 32., 1 ( 2020): Pages 122 - 136.
Year of Publication: 2010.

49. Record Number: 27619
Author(s): Dronzek, Anna
Contributor(s):
Title : Women and Property Conflicts in Late Medieval England

Source: Women and Wealth in Late Medieval Europe. Edited by Theresa Earenfight. The New Middle Ages. . Palgrave Macmillan, 2010. Gender and History , 32., 1 ( 2020): Pages 187 - 207.
Year of Publication: 2010.

50. Record Number: 28344
Author(s):
Contributor(s): Ross, James Bruce, translator
Title : The Faculty of Medicine of Paris vs. Jacoba Felicie [Account of a trial in which the Faculty of Medicine of Paris accused a female healer of illicit practice. Includes arguments that Jacoba advanced in her defense. Title note supplied by Feminae.]

Source: Medieval Medicine: A Reader. Edited by Faith Wallis Readings in Medieval Civilizations and Cultures, 15. University of Toronto Press, 2010. Gender and History , 32., 1 ( 2020): Pages 366 - 369.
Year of Publication: 2010.

51. Record Number: 28443
Author(s): Meyer, Andreas,
Contributor(s):
Title : The Sweet Beloved and His Legacy: A Lawsuit for Love and Money from Lucca (1237)

Source: Medieval Italy, Medieval and Early Modern Women: Essays in Honour of Christine Meek. Edited by Conor Kostick . Four Courts Press, 2010. Gender and History , 32., 1 ( 2020): Pages 86 - 100.
Year of Publication: 2010.

52. Record Number: 28347
Author(s):
Contributor(s): Gallagher, Eric James, translator
Title : Agnes, who was the wife of Adam the son of Robert, claims against Waleran de Muncy… [Item 300 from the hundred of Blything concerns Agnes who pleads on her own behalf because her husband has been outlawed. She recovers land because it was part of her marriage portion (“maritagium”). Title note supplied by Feminae.]

Source: The Civil Pleas of the Suffolk Eyre of 1240. Edited by Eric James Gallagher Suffolk Records Society, 52. Boydell Press , 2009. Medieval Clothing and Textiles , 5., ( 2009): Pages 53 - 53.
Year of Publication: 2009.

53. Record Number: 28348
Author(s):
Contributor(s): Gallagher, Eric James, translator
Title : The prior of Holy Trinity of Ipswich was summoned to answer Alice Biccernut… [Item 651 from Ipswich concerns a suit brought by Alice Biccernut against the prior of Holy Trinity over a land dispute. The court found in the prior’s favor and charged Alice a fine which was “pardoned for the queen” (identified as Eleanor of Provence, wife of Henry III, by Eric Gallagher). Title note supplied by Feminae.)

54. Record Number: 28349
Author(s):
Contributor(s): Gallagher, Eric James, translator
Title : The prioress of Campsey [Ash] presented herself… [Item 903 from the hundred of Blything concerns the women’s monastery of Campsey in Suffolk. The prioress entered a plea asking that William the Fleming discharge her from services and customs on the tenement she held from him. The services were demanded by the earl of Norfolk. For other cases involving the priory of Campsey see items 557 and 932. Title note supplied by Feminae.]

55. Record Number: 28350
Author(s):
Contributor(s): Gallagher, Eric James, translator
Title : Adam Bulloc and Margery his wife claim against Matilda who was the wife of Adam… [Item 1006 from Ely concerns the woman Matilda whose claim to land was challenged by Adam and Margery Bulloc from whom Matilda’s husband had held the acres in villeinage. Matilda as a widow responded that she had wardship over her son John who was underage. The couple would need to wait until John was an adult before suing him for the land. Title note supplied by Feminae.]

56. Record Number: 28351
Author(s):
Contributor(s): Gallagher, Eric James, translator
Title : Geoffrey de Say and Alina his wife claim against Alexander de Vallibus the advowson of the church of Cringlefor… [Item 153 from Cattishall is the first of several pleas in which Alina tried to recover her dower from a previous marriage to Hubert de Vallibus. See related items 475, 526, 727, and 1038. In these cases Alina did not recover any land, but Eric Gallagher cites evidence from the “Curia Regis” rolls that Alina and Geoffrey did win one plea eventually (p. xliii). Title note supplied by Feminae.]

57. Record Number: 22417
Author(s): Izbicki, Thomas M.
Contributor(s):
Title : Failed Censures: Ecclesiastical Regulation of Women’s Clothing in Late Medieval Italy [Ecclesiastical efforts to regulate vanity of dress were few in late medieval Italy. Most significant was a constitution written by Cardinal Latino Malabranca intended to limit display of flesh and waste of cloth. By the fourteenth century compromises were being made in the enforcement of this decree, and new issues involving the wearing of jewelry and other ornaments were being addressed. By the fifteenth century, sumptuary legislation was largely left to the Italian communes, although some of the clergy still advocated strict measures against vain dress and ornamentation. The appendices include: Appendix 3.1 Cardinal Latino Malabranca's Constitution on Women's dress (1279); Appendix 3.2 Cardinal Bertrand du Poujet's Modification of Cardinal Latino's Constitution (ca. 1327) ; Appendix 3.3 The Constitution of Antonio d'Orso Biliotti, Bishop of Florence (ca. 1310). Title note submitted by the author.]

Source: Edited by Robin Netherton; Gale R. Owen-Crocker Medieval Clothing and Textiles , 5., ( 2009): Pages 37 - 53.
Year of Publication: 2009.

58. Record Number: 20921
Author(s): Clarke, Peter
Contributor(s):
Title : The Papal Penitentiary and Marriage: Popular Knowledge of Law and Procedure

Source: Western Canon Law and Eastern Churches: Thirteenth International Congress of Medieval Canon Law. Abstracts. . 2008. Medieval Clothing and Textiles , 5., ( 2009): Pages 28
Year of Publication: 2008.

59. Record Number: 20600
Author(s): Karras, Ruth Mazo
Contributor(s):
Title : Marriage, Concubinage, and the Law [The author analyzes the meaning of concubinage in the Middle Ages with some references to ancient Roman practices. In the later Middle Ages "concubine" came to have two separate meanings: 1) A woman who lived with a man in a domestic arrangement but was not married to him and 2) In a more technical sense "concubine" was used as a legal term for a status that accorded some rights but was inferior to that of wives. Includes a detailed look at a 15th century legal opinion as to whether a priest's concubine and son could receive legacies from the cleric. The suit was brought by the chief heir, the priest's brother. Title note supplied by Feminae.]

Source: Law and the Illicit in Medieval Europe. Edited by Ruth Mazo Karras, Joel Kaye, and E. Ann Matter . University of Pennsylvania Press, 2008. Medieval Clothing and Textiles , 5., ( 2009): Pages 117 - 129.
Year of Publication: 2008.

60. Record Number: 23594
Author(s): Salonen, Kirsi
Contributor(s):
Title : Diemunda and Heinrich- Married or Not? About a Marriage Litigation in the Consistorial Court of Freising in the Late Middle Ages [Diemunda sued Heinrich de Empach to enforce what she claimed was a promise of marriage. She procured a dispensation from the Penitentiary because of consanguinity in the third or fourth degree. The ecclesiastical court in Freising had denied her petition for lack of adequate evidence of both consent and consanguinity. Despite the dispensation from the Penitentiary, Heinrich tried to avoid paying for support of their short-lived illegitimate child and the fine for taking Diemunda's virginity. [Title note supplied by Feminae.]

Source: ... et usque ad ultimum terrae: The Apostolic Penitentiary in Local Contexts Edited by Gerhard Jaritz, Torstein Jørgensen, and Kirsi Salonen Ceu Medievalia . Central European University Press, 2007. Nottingham Medieval Studies , 51., ( 2007): Pages 43 - 59.
Year of Publication: 2007.

61. Record Number: 23596
Author(s): Schmugge, Ludwig
Contributor(s):
Title : Matrimonial Dispensation: How the Penitentiary Handled Cases of Impotence [The inability of one partner to consumate a marriage could be grounds for dissolving the bond. Dissolution with the right to remarry was not easy to obtain. Couples usually were expected to keep trying for three years before permission might be granted. The brief article appendix presents Latin excerpts from two registers of the Penitentiary from Italy in 1477 and Germany in 1484. Title note supplied by Feminae.]

62. Record Number: 23593
Author(s): McDonald, Jennifer R
Contributor(s):
Title : Illegitimate Scots in the Registers of Supplications and the Registers of the Apostolic Penitentiary during the Pontificate of Sixtus IV (1471- 1484) [The Papal Penitentiary was one source of dispensation for men of illegitimate birth seeking clerical livings. Suppliants of humble origins were more likely to petition the Penitentiary. Those of noble origins or well connected socially or politically petitioned the Datary successfully. University educated men of illegitimate birth also successfully petitioned the Datary for dispensations. These men could afford the Datary's higher fees, while the humbler suppliant had to petition the more affordable penitentiary. Title note supplied by Feminae.]

Source: ... et usque ad ultimum terrae: The Apostolic Penitentiary in Local Contexts Edited by Gerhard Jaritz, Torstein Jørgensen, and Kirsi Salonen Ceu Medievalia . Central European University Press, 2007. Medieval Clothing and Textiles , 5., ( 2009): Pages 33 - 42.
Year of Publication: 2007.

63. Record Number: 20610
Author(s): Hough, Carole
Contributor(s):
Title : Women and the Law in Seventh-Century England [The author gives a close reading to sections concerning women from four sets of laws (from the Kentish kings AEthelberht I, Hlothhere and Eadric, and Wihtred, and King Ine from Wessex). She concludes in part that the codes take care to specify women's rights and duties. Title note provided by Feminae.].

Source: Nottingham Medieval Studies , 51., ( 2007): Pages 207 - 230.
Year of Publication: 2007.

64. Record Number: 20611
Author(s): Klinck, Anne L
Contributor(s):
Title : To have and to hold: The Bridewealth of Wives and the "Mund" of Widows in Anglo-Saxon England [The author examine women's status, particularly brides and widows, and the control that men exercised over them. Klinck brings in Anglo-Saxon vocabulary from legal sources as evidence. She also considers recent historiographic developments. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Nottingham Medieval Studies , 51., ( 2007): Pages 231 - 245.
Year of Publication: 2007.

65. Record Number: 18624
Author(s): Bradbrooke, S. M. and W. G. Wiseman
Contributor(s):
Title : Margaret Prestwich and the Priory of Seaton

Source: Transactions of the Cumberland and Westmorland Antiquarian and Archeological Society. Third Series , 6., ( 2006): Pages 77 - 87.
Year of Publication: 2006.

66. Record Number: 20473
Author(s): Winroth, Anders
Contributor(s):
Title : Neither Slave nor Free: Theology and Law in Gratian's Thoughts on the Definition of Marriage and Unfree Persons [The original text of Gratian's "Decretum" favored the right of unfree persons to marry, even when the other partner was ignorant of a spouse's servile status. The vulgate version of the text inserted older canons requiring a master's consent to the marriage. The canonists eventually adopted Gratian's opinion. Title note supplied by Feminae.]

Source: Medieval Church Law and the Origins of the Western Legal Tradition: A Tribute to Kenneth Pennington. Edited by Wolfgang P. Müller and Mary E. Sommar . Catholic University of America Press, 2006. French Historical Studies , 29., 4 (Fall 2006): Pages 97 - 109.
Year of Publication: 2006.

67. Record Number: 20474
Author(s): Donahue, Charles, Jr
Contributor(s):
Title : Johannes Faventinus on Marriage (with an Appendix Revisiting the Question of the Dating of Alexander III's Marriage Decretals) [Two ideas of marriage coexisted in the 12th century. The canonist Gratian favored consummation as the decisive element in matrimony. Peter Lombard, a theologian, emphasized consent. The canonist Johannes Faventinus, whose teachings may have helped mold the influential decrees of Pope Alexander III, accepted Peter Lombard's distinction of a promise to wed and words of consent in the present tense. Consummation was equated in Faventinus' opinion with consent in the present tense. Title note supplied by Feminae.]

68. Record Number: 20475
Author(s): Schmugge, Ludwig
Contributor(s):
Title : Barbara Zymermanin's Two Husbands [In 1465 the Papal Penitentiary commissioned the bishop of Bamberg to examine the case of Barbara Zimermanin. She was wed to one man by her guardians but compelled by her brothers to marry another. The second man tried to claim Barbara and her possessions; but she cohabitated with the first man as his wife, bearing him children. One of Zymermanin's concerns in petitioning the penitentiary was to defend the legitimacy of her children. Title note supplied by Feminae.]

69. Record Number: 20013
Author(s): Vacca, Diane Duyos.
Contributor(s):
Title : Marriage and Morals in the Fourteenth Century: The Evidence of Bishop Hamo's Register [The author looks at cases from Bishop Hamo's register, 1317- 1352 in the area of Rochester. The cases concern marriage and sexual offenses, including adultery, priests' concubines, clandestine marriages (which one party often preferred to deny), and violations of betrothals. Title note supplied by Feminae.]

Source: English Historical Review , 121., 491 (April 2006): Pages 467 - 486.
Year of Publication: 2006.

70. Record Number: 19951
Author(s): Taylor, Craig
Contributor(s):
Title : The Salic Law, French Queenship, and the Defense of Women in the Late Middle Ages

Source: French Historical Studies , 29., 4 (Fall 2006): Pages 543 - 564.
Year of Publication: 2006.

71. Record Number: 10449
Author(s): Guerra Medici, Maria Teresa.
Contributor(s):
Title : La successione delle figlie nel feudo: il feudo materno e l'opinio Baldi

Source: VI Centenario della morte di Baldo degli Ubaldi 1400-2000. Edited by Carla Frova, Maria Graza Nico Ottaviani, and Stefania Zucchini . Universita degli studi, 2005. Journal of Women's History , 17., 4 ( 2005): Pages 263 - 288.
Year of Publication: 2005.

72. Record Number: 14690
Author(s): Ner-David, Haviva.
Contributor(s):
Title : Medieval "Responsa" Literaure on "Niddah": Perpetuations of Notions of "Tumah" [The author argues that medieval Jewish legal authorities accepted folk practices in regard to menstruating women. This broadened the scope of ritually impure activities involving women while at the same time making the menstruating woman the sole source of contamination in the Post-Temple world. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Menstruation: A Cultural History. Edited by Andrew Shail and Gillian Howie . Palgrave Macmillan, 2005. French Historical Studies , 29., 4 (Fall 2006): Pages 188 - 199.
Year of Publication: 2005.

73. Record Number: 14605
Author(s): Esposito, Anna.
Contributor(s):
Title : La normative suntuaria romana tra Quattrocento e Cinquecento [The sumptuary laws of Renaissance Rome survive from the 15th century onward. Laws made by the Romans themselves, with papal approval, try to distinguish citizens of higher or lower class from curialists, nobles and foreigners. Among the concerns of the legislators were ever growing amounts spent on dowries and display of wealth at marriages and funerals. Foods served at banquets also were regulated by these decrees. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Economia e societa a Roma tra Medioevo e Rinascimento: Studi dedicati ad Arnold Esch. Edited by Anna Esposito and Luciano Palermo . Viella, 2005. Journal of Women's History , 17., 4 ( 2005): Pages 147 - 179.
Year of Publication: 2005.

74. Record Number: 13628
Author(s): Rider, Catherine.
Contributor(s):
Title : Between Theology and Popular Practice: Medieval Canonists on Magic and Impotence [The author argues that canon lawyers in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries created a set of rules to deal with impotence. Their writings indicate that they knew about lay magical practices. Some canonists urged those who were bewitched to seek magical cures. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Boundaries of the Law: Geography, Gender, and Jurisdiction in Medieval and Early Modern Europe. Edited by Anthony Musson . Ashgate, 2005. French Historical Studies , 29., 4 (Fall 2006): Pages 53 - 66.
Year of Publication: 2005.

75. Record Number: 21343
Author(s): Bellavitis, Anna
Contributor(s):
Title : A proposito di "Men and Women in Renaissance Venice" di Stanley Chojnacki

Source: Quaderni Storici , 118., 1 ( 2005): Pages 203 - 238.
Year of Publication: 2005.

76. Record Number: 14144
Author(s): Stuard, Susan Mosher.
Contributor(s):
Title : Marriage Gifts and Fashion Mischief [Susan Mosher Stuard in "Marriage Gifts and Fashion Mischief" details Italian wedding transactions, including the Lombard "male dowry," and the Roman bride's fiscal gift to her husband. She links the increasing pressure from husbands to receive liquid ass

Source: The Medieval Marriage Scene: Prudence, Passion, Policy. Edited by Sherry Roush and Cristelle L. Baskins . Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies, 2005. French Historical Studies , 29., 4 (Fall 2006): Pages 169 - 185. Republished in Considering Medieval Women and Gender. Susan Mosher Stuard. Ashgate Variorum, 2010. Chapter V.
Year of Publication: 2005.

77. Record Number: 13629
Author(s): Butler, Sara M.
Contributor(s):
Title : Maintenance Agreements and Male Responsibility in Late Medieval England [The author examines cases brought by separated wives asking for support before both royal and ecclesiastical courts. Although there was no one single pattern for alimony, courts generally sought equity in the couples' financial arrangements. However, the courts had difficulty forcing angry or estranged husbands to pay the decreed amounts to their wives. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

78. Record Number: 15314
Author(s): Butler, Sara M.
Contributor(s):
Title : Abortion by Assault: Violence against Pregnant Women in Thirteenth and Fourteenth- Century England

Source: Journal of Women's History , 17., 4 ( 2005): Pages 9 - 31.
Year of Publication: 2005.

79. Record Number: 11455
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Threads Bared: Dress and Textiles in Late Medieval English Wills [The author analyzes 550 wills from London and Canterbury dating from 1327 to 1487. the majority are from artisans and merchants with 16.5% made by women. Women tended to bequeath more items than men, especially clothing and household textiles. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Medieval clothing and textiles. Vol. 1. Edited by Robin Netherton and Gale R Owen-Crocker . Boydell Press, 2005. Journal of Women's History , 17., 4 ( 2005): Pages 133 - 153.
Year of Publication: 2005.

80. Record Number: 14143
Author(s): Pederson, Frederik.
Contributor(s):
Title : Counsel and Consent : Preparing for Marriage Litigation according to the Fourteenth- Century York Cause Papers [The author presents evidence from eight cases appearing in the York cause papers. In all of these instances the woman and man with the support of their families and friends tried a variety of informal meetings and tribunals to establish the facts and, if

Source: The Medieval Marriage Scene: Prudence, Passion, Policy. Edited by Sherry Roush and Cristelle L. Baskins . Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies, 2005. Journal of Women's History , 17., 4 ( 2005): Pages 147 - 168.
Year of Publication: 2005.

81. Record Number: 12506
Author(s): Lansing, Carol.
Contributor(s):
Title : Donna con Donna?: A 1295 Inquest into Female Sodomy [The author presents a case in Bologna in which a woman was accused of sodomy with other women. Testimony by one witness is also preserved, suggesting that he was not scandalized to hear that a woman was attracted to another woman. The appendix presents Latin texts of the initial notification to the court and the deposition of the witness Ugolino Martini. Lansing suggests that the accuser, Guilelmo, pursued Guericia in court and most probably forced her to flee Bologna. Title note supplied by Feminae.]

Source: Sexuality and Culture in Medieval and Renaissance Europe. Edited by Philip M. Soergel Studies in medieval and renaissance history, 3rd ser., 2. AMS Press, 2005. Journal of Women's History , 17., 4 ( 2005): Pages 109 - 122. Also part of the series: Studies in Medieval and Renaissance History Third Series 2 (Old Series 27, New Series 17) (2005). Sexuality and Culture in Medieval and Renaissance Europe
Year of Publication: 2005.

82. Record Number: 13630
Author(s): Musson, Anthony.
Contributor(s):
Title : Crossing Boundaries: Attitudes to Rape in Late Medieval England [The author argues that many recent researchers have misinterpreted documents about rape because they do not have a full understanding of the legal system. Musson cites cases in royal, ecclesiastical and civic courts in which rape apparently was not actually involved. For example, a jury gave a very brief sentence perhaps in order to control behavior like extramarital sex. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Boundaries of the Law: Geography, Gender, and Jurisdiction in Medieval and Early Modern Europe. Edited by Anthony Musson . Ashgate, 2005. Journal of Women's History , 17., 4 ( 2005): Pages 84 - 101.
Year of Publication: 2005.

83. Record Number: 13631
Author(s): Korpiola, Mia.
Contributor(s):
Title : Rethinking Incest and Heinous Sexual Crime: Changing Boundaries of Secular and Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction in Late Medieval Sweden [The author argues that, like the rest of Europe, Sweden came to punish sexual crimes more severely over time, especially incest, bestiality, and homosexuality. Secular courts gradually took over responsibility for these crimes, although the church continued to receive a portion of the fines paid. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

84. Record Number: 14135
Author(s): Baskin, Judith R.
Contributor(s):
Title : Medieval Jewish Models of Marriage [The author discusses a variety of aspects relating to Jewish marriage both in Christian and Muslim regions. Specific topics include Rabbinic law, Jewish mysticism, documentary evidence, sexual relationships between Jews and non-Jews, and Jewish wedding c

85. Record Number: 10879
Author(s): Guzzetti, Linda.
Contributor(s):
Title : Women's Inheritance and Testamentary Practices in Late Fourteenth- and Early Fifteenth-Century Venice and Ghent

Source: The Texture of Society: Medieval Women in the Southern Low Countries. Edited by Ellen E. Kittell and Mary A. Suydam . Palgrave Macmillan, 2004. Past and Present , 182., (February 2004): Pages 79 - 108.
Year of Publication: 2004.

86. Record Number: 11531
Author(s): Doran, John.
Contributor(s):
Title : Innocent III and the Uses of Spiritual Marriage [Medieval traditions divided over whether a bishop married his see or was Christ's groom's man in marrying a local church. Innocent III argued in a sermon that he, as Vicar of Christ, married the church. Other bishops were groom's men, friends of the bridegroom but not wedded to their own sees.Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Pope, Church and City: Essays in Honour of Brenda M. Bolton. Edited by Frances Andrews, Christoph Egger and Constance M. Rousseau Medieval Mediterranean . Brill, 2004. Past and Present , 182., (February 2004): Pages 101 - 114.
Year of Publication: 2004.

87. Record Number: 11666
Author(s): Esposito, Anna.
Contributor(s):
Title : Adulterio, concubinato, bigamia: testimonianze dalla normative statutaria dello Stato pontificio (secoli XIII-XVI) [Beginning in the 13th century, Italian cities, including the papal states, passed laws regulating extra-marital sex. These presupposed that the sexual appetites of women needed to be regulated. They were more tolerant of the offenses of males, and they took into account the reputation of any woman involved in a case about sexual matters. An accusation of rape made by a woman was subject to particularly strict standards of proof. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Trasgressioni: Seduzione, concubinato, adulterio, bigamia (XIV-XVIII secolo). Edited by Silvana Seidel Menchi and Diego Quaglini . Il Mulino, 2004. Past and Present , 182., (February 2004): Pages 21 - 42.
Year of Publication: 2004.

88. Record Number: 11667
Author(s): Marchetto, Giuliano.
Contributor(s):
Title : Primus fuit Lamech: La bigamia tra irregolarita e delitto nella dottrina di diritto commune [Bigamy was an equivocal term in early medieval law, originally used for both remarriage and polygamy. A man who remarried, married a widow or wed a single woman who was not a virgin was denied promotion to holy orders. Only gradually was the term restricted to a man who had two or more wives at once. Arguments against polygamy, which was sanctioned by the Old Testament, turned on domestic harmony or on the impossibility of two marriages coexisting under the New Law. Roman law punished a bigamist for seduction, not for adultery. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

89. Record Number: 11668
Author(s): Ferrante, Lucia.
Contributor(s):
Title : Consensus concubinarius: un'invenzione giuridica per il principe [Ecclesiastical concepts of marriage as consensual and a sacrament coexisted in practice during the Middle Ages with a less formal union, concubinage. Servants frequently served as concubines of their employers. Lawyers had to deal with the nebulous status of the concubine and with that of her children too. In later centuries, a greater emphasis on matrimony led to the identification of concubinage with prostitution. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

90. Record Number: 11669
Author(s): Orlando, Ermanno.
Contributor(s):
Title : Il matrimonio delle beffe: Unioni finte, simulate, per gioco, Padova e Venezia, fine secolo XIV - inizi secolo XVI [The emphasis on consent in medieval ecclesiastical regulations concerning matrimony left the way open for clandestine and simulated marriages. The lack of required public formalities permitted men to mislead women they desired by simulating marriage, and a couple could pretend to be wed. Weddings might be held in jest, especially in a tavern. Church authorities sought eventually to prevent clandestine marriages and eliminate rowdy elements from weddings, while the Venetian republic too worked to make simulated or secret marriages impossible. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

91. Record Number: 11751
Author(s): Denny-Brown, Andrea.
Contributor(s):
Title : Rips and Slits: The Torn Garment and the Medieval Self [A fashion for garments with slits, tears, or perforations originated in the 12th century and flourished after 1340. Some slits were intended to reveal undergarments or flesh, exposing them to the gaze of others. This erotic element inspired sumptuary laws and denunciations. Medieval literature also reveals a close relationship between the terms for these slits and violence, as in dagging and daggers. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Clothing Culture, 1350-1650. Edited by Catherine Richardson . Ashgate, 2004. Past and Present , 182., (February 2004): Pages 223 - 237.
Year of Publication: 2004.

92. Record Number: 15868
Author(s): Scarabello, Giovanni.
Contributor(s):
Title : Per una storia della prostituzione a Venezia tra il XIII e il XVIII sec [Beginning in the thirteenth century, the Venetian Republic made efforts to regulate rather than eliminate prostitution entirely. By the fourteenth century authorities were trying to concentrate prostitutes in regulated neighborhoods. Nevertheless, prostitutes continued to operate outside these sanctioned areas, especially in taverns and bath houses. Venetian laws protected prostitutes from abusive pimps but also tried to protect their patrons from diseases. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Studi Veneziani , 47., ( 2004): Pages 15 - 101.
Year of Publication: 2004.

93. Record Number: 16588
Author(s): McSheffrey, Shannon.
Contributor(s):
Title : Place, Space, and Situation: Public and Private in the Making of Marriage in Late Medieval London [The author argues that marriage in fourteenth century London was a process that moved through a series of well-recognized steps with increasing publicity. Situations that we moderns would characterize as private (e.g. exchange of consent in the bride's h

Source: Speculum , 79., 4 (October 2004): Pages 960 - 990.
Year of Publication: 2004.

94. Record Number: 28213
Author(s): Brizio, Elena
Contributor(s):
Title : La dote nella normativa statutaria e nella pratica testamentaria Senese (fine sec. XII- metà sec. XIV) [Sienese law imposed limits on women's control of property, but women were able to enjoy some legal protections. These included having their dowries protected from an insolvent husband and restitution of dowry when widowed. Women also could be guardians of minor children, and they disposed of property through wills. Title note supplied by Feminae.]

Source: Bullettino Senese di Storia Patria , 111., ( 2004): Pages 9 - 39.
Year of Publication: 2004.

95. Record Number: 30069
Author(s): Fiori, Antonia,
Contributor(s):
Title : La prima condanna canonica del duello e il suo contesto storico: Niccolò I e il divorzio di Lotario e Teutberga

Source: "Panta rei": Studi dedicati a Manlio Bellomo. Edited by Orazio Condorelli . Il Cigno, 2004. Bullettino Senese di Storia Patria , 111., ( 2004): Pages 353 - 374. Vol. 2.
Year of Publication: 2004.

96. Record Number: 11661
Author(s): Izbicki, Thomas M.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Origins of the "De ornatu mulierum" of Antoninus of Florence [The author highlights the significance of a legal text on excess in clothing. Franciscan observants had petitioned the pope for an opinion, and he had charged a committe to respond. (Two versions of the report written in Latin are presented as appendices to the article.) The expert committee included Antoninus, archbishop of Florence, and his text, "De ornatu mulierum," Izbicki demonstrates, was originally written to accompany their opinion. In general the committe sought a moderate path and urged respect for individual cities' customs in dress. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: MLN: Modern Language Notes (Full Text via Project Muse) 119, 1 (January 2004): 142-161. Supplement. Studia Humanitatis: Essays in Honor of Salvatore Camporeale. Link Info
Year of Publication: 2004.

97. Record Number: 14752
Author(s): Goldy, Charlotte Newman.
Contributor(s):
Title : The shiftiness of a woman: Narratizing the Anstey Case [The author examines documents surrounding an inheritance case that hinged on the legitimacy of a disputed marriage. From the court case reported by John of Salisbury, Goldy reconstructs the daughter Mabel's efforts to right the wrongs done to her mother. At the same time John of Salisbury leaves hints that the report of the father's deathbed remorse for abandoning Mabel's mother in favor of his previous bethrothed should not be trusted. After five years of litigation, church courts found in favor of the father's nephew and declared Mabel illegitimate. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Historical Reflections/ Reflexions historiques , 30., 1 (Spring 2004): Pages 89 - 107.
Year of Publication: 2004.

98. Record Number: 12609
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Limiting Yardage and Changes of Clothes: Sumptuary Legislation in Thirteenth-Century France, Languedoc, and Italy [In Western Europe, the first laws to control the expenditure and display of dress by laypersons appeared in the thirteenth century. The initial period of regulating activity in Occitania, France, and Italy developed from ecclesiastical laws regulating clerical dress, but the political origins and motivations for the legislation varied by region. Italian and Occitan cities based their legislation upon Roman law, while northern regions of France used customary law; the cities of Montpellier and Siena focused more attention on women’s display than men’s, while most French regions were more interested in keeping a clear correlation between social status and wealth in general. The effects of sumptuary legislation on people in these regions are reflected by numerous sartorial concerns in contemporary vernacular poetry and didactic literatures. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Medieval Fabrications: Dress, Textiles, Clothwork, and Other Cultural Imaginings. Edited by E. Jane Burns . Palgrave, 2004. Historical Reflections/ Reflexions historiques , 30., 1 (Spring 2004): Pages 121 - 136.
Year of Publication: 2004.

99. Record Number: 11500
Author(s): McKee, Sally
Contributor(s):
Title : Inherited Status and Slavery in Late Medieval Italy and Venetian Crete [In comparing the situation of slaves' children fathered by their masters in Crete and in the mainland cities of Venice, Genoa, and Florence, the author argues that "Latin" ancestry counted in the colonial setting but not in the Italian cities. Introducing children of mixed parentage into society mattered more for a frontier society where the conquering Western Europeans were in the minority. However, in both areas in the late Middle Ages, custom pushed to extend free status to the children of slaves by assuming that the children inherited their fathers' status rather than their mothers' servile condition. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Past and Present , 182., (February 2004): Pages 31 - 53.
Year of Publication: 2004.

100. Record Number: 10876
Author(s): Kittell, Ellen E.
Contributor(s):
Title : Reconciliation or Punishment: Women, Community, and Malefaction in the Medieval County of Flanders [The author argues that women began to be associated with specific crimes during the fourteenth century in the Low Countries. In the previous century the emphasis was on reconciliation among individuals in conflict, but during the fourteenth century the courts focused on punishing the offender. Title note supplied by Feminae.]

101. Record Number: 11026
Author(s): Hay, David.
Contributor(s):
Title : Canon Laws Regarding Female Military Commanders up to the Time of Gratian: Some Texts and Their Historical Contexts [The author analyzes a canon law text by Bonizo de Sutri which criticizes women who lead military expeditions. Hay suggests that this in part refers to Matilda of Tuscany's strong military support of the pope. Other contemporary canonists took a more liberal view, accepting and even defending Matilda's role as commander. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: A Great Effusion of Blood? Interpreting Medieval Violence. Edited by Mark D. Meyerson, Daniel Thiery, and Oren Falk . University of Toronto Press, 2004. Past and Present , 182., (February 2004): Pages 287 - 313.
Year of Publication: 2004.

102. Record Number: 10878
Author(s): Naessens, Mariann.
Contributor(s):
Title : Judicial Authorities' Views of Women's Roles in Late Medieval Flanders [The author examines court records concerning various sexual crimes including adultery, brothel keeping, and cross dressing. The judges appear to be most concerned with men's honor as preserved through women's fidelity and subordination. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

103. Record Number: 14093
Author(s): Goldberg, P. J. P.
Contributor(s):
Title : Migration, Youth, and Gender in Later Medieval England [The author looks at English records from church courts and from taxation. He concludes that most migrants were young and travelled relatively short distances. In addition, women were more likely to move away from home than men. Goldberg adds that, while migration was a lifecycle phase for many young people, some individuals because of poverty were obligated to remain migrant servants or laborers all their lives. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Youth in the Middle Ages. Edited by P. J. P. Goldberg and Felicity Riddy . York Medieval Press in association with the Boydell Press, 2004. Past and Present , 182., (February 2004): Pages 85 - 99.
Year of Publication: 2004.

104. Record Number: 8483
Author(s): Elsakkers, Maríanne.
Contributor(s):
Title : Inflicting Serious Bodily Harm: The Visigothic "Antiquae" on Violence and Abortion [The author analyzes five sections on abortion along with an injury tariff. The author argues that the Visigothic laws are concerned with serious bodily harm to the mothers, not with abortion per se. The situations mostly imply violence done to a pregnant woman against her will causing miscarriages, not women voluntarily selecting abortions. Nonetheless the compensation payments required distinguished between the "unformed" and "formed" fetus. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Tijdschrift voor rechtsgeschiedenis. Revue d'histoire du droit. Legal History Review , 71., 40180 ( 2003): Pages 55 - 63.
Year of Publication: 2003.

105. Record Number: 9515
Author(s): Bennett, Judith M.
Contributor(s):
Title : Writing Fornication: Medieval Leyrwite and Its Historians (Read 4 July 2002) [In the Appendix the author lists the printed editions of primary sources that she consulted. She also includes brief comments on the situation for south-western England (Devon and Cornwall), since leyrwite was exceptionally high in Cornwall.].

Source: Transactions of the Royal Historical Society. Sixth Series , 13., ( 2003): Pages 131 - 162.
Year of Publication: 2003.

106. Record Number: 19983
Author(s): Mulè, Viviana
Contributor(s):
Title : L'Inventario dei beni dell'Infanta Isabella d'Aragona prima contessa di Caltabellotta [The author discusses the inventory of goods belonging to Isabella of Aragon, daughter of Frederick III of Sicily and wife of Raymond, count of Caltabellotta. The inventory was prepared in 1334 in connection with her will when Isabella was a widow. She had earlier brought lands and moveable goods to her husband, one of her father's lieutenants. In her inventory Isabella possessed many valuble objects, both secular and religious, including silks and pearls. The appendix presents two transcribed documents in Latin: 1) Inventory of the goods of Isabella of Caltabellotta (1334) and 2) Excerpt from Rosario Gregorio's "Biblioteca scriptorum qui res in Sicilia gestas sub Aragonum imperio retulere," concerning events in 1338. Title note supplied by Feminae.]

Source: Schede Medievali , 41., (gennaio-dicembre 2003): Pages 69 - 96.
Year of Publication: 2003.

107. Record Number: 20716
Author(s): Barcellona, Rossana
Contributor(s):
Title : Le vedove cristiane tra i Padri e le norme [In fifth and sixth century Gaul, widows were set apart by some clergy with a ceremony similar to the veiling of virgins. Widows might be indigent or members of the highest social groups with ascetic impulses. The Fathers of the Church created a theology of widowhood, much of it addressed to widows they knew. A growing body of ecclesiastical regulations gradually marginalized an actual order of widows. Title note supplied by Feminae.]

Source: Annuarium Historiae Conciliorum , 35., ( 2003): Pages 167 - 185.
Year of Publication: 2003.

108. Record Number: 9651
Author(s): Kuehn, Thomas.
Contributor(s):
Title : Family Solidarity in Exile and in Law: Alberti Lawsuits of the Early Quattrocento [The author examines two legal cases brought by the Alberti family in the early fifteenth century. Various members of the family were exiled from Florence for plotting against the government. In some cases Alberti wives were left in Florence to manage wha

Source: Speculum , 78., 2 (April 2003): Pages 421 - 439.
Year of Publication: 2003.

109. Record Number: 8708
Author(s): Kenny, Gillian.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Power of Dower: The Importance of Dower in the Lives of Medieval Women in Ireland [The author argues that the financial resources made available to widows from their dowers transformed their lives. They took over many of their husbands' roles including bringing suits in court and donating to local religious institutions. Both the widows and their heirs sometimes had difficulties accustoming themselves to the changes in power. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Studies on Medieval and Early Modern Women: Pawns or Players? Edited by Christine Meek and Catherine Lawless . Four Courts Press, 2003. Speculum , 78., 2 (April 2003): Pages 59 - 74.
Year of Publication: 2003.

110. Record Number: 11952
Author(s): Bouchard, Constance Brittain.
Contributor(s):
Title : Eleanor's Divorce from Louis VII: The Uses of Consanguinity

Source: Eleanor of Aquitaine: Lord and Lady. Edited by Bonnie Wheeler and John Carmi Parsons The New Middle Ages . Palgrave Macmillan, 2003. Speculum , 78., 2 (April 2003): Pages 223 - 235.
Year of Publication: 2003.

111. Record Number: 11651
Author(s): Phillips, Kim M.
Contributor(s):
Title : Four Virgins' Tales: Sex and Power in Medieval Law [The author examines four law cases in which virginity is at issue: a charge of rape, a payment for defloration, a fine for a peasant girl having sex, and a grant of property by a single woman "in my free power and virginity." Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Medieval Virginities. Edited by Anke Bernau, Ruth Evans, and Sarah Salih . Religion and Culture in the Middle Ages series. University of Wales Press; University of Toronto Press, 2003. Speculum , 78., 2 (April 2003): Pages 80 - 101.
Year of Publication: 2003.

112. Record Number: 8501
Author(s): Lansing, Carol.
Contributor(s):
Title : Concubines, Lovers, Prostitutes: Infamy and Female Identity in Medieval Bologna [The author analyzes secular law court records both for the attitudes of poor men and women toward the informal living arrangements which some couples maintained and for the attitudes of the elite and of judges. The author argues that it was the intention of those with power to reinforce behavior norms for "honest" women. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Beyond Florence: The Contours of Medieval and Early Modern Italy. Edited by Paula Findlen, Michelle M. Fontaine, and Duane J. Osheim . Stanford University Press, 2003. Speculum , 78., 2 (April 2003): Pages 85
Year of Publication: 2003.

113. Record Number: 11951
Author(s): Brundage, James A.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Canon Law of Divorce in the Mid-Twelfth Century: Louis VII c. Eleanor of Aquitaine

114. Record Number: 11650
Author(s): Cartwright, Jane.
Contributor(s):
Title : Virginity and Chastity Tests in Medieval Welsh Prose [The author examines a range of literary texts including the "Fourth Branch of Mabinogi," Welsh law codes, Arthurian tales, and medical texts. In many instances the texts present a false virgin who is revealed through magical or medical texts. She is then often subjected to public humiliation as is the cuckolded husband. Title note supplied by Feminae.]

115. Record Number: 8077
Author(s): Salisbury, Eve.
Contributor(s):
Title : Chaucer's "Wife," the Law, and the Middle English Breton Lays [The author argues that Chaucer's Wife and the Breton lays address legal questions and loopholes concerning rape and marriage, commenting on and reinforcing the laws of both ecclesiastical and secular counts. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Domestic Violence in Medieval Texts. Edited by Eve Salisbury, Georgiana Donavin, and Merrall Llewelyn Price . University Press of Florida, 2002. Speculum , 77., 4 (October 2002): Pages 73 - 93.
Year of Publication: 2002.

116. Record Number: 9360
Author(s): Viscuso, Patrick.
Contributor(s):
Title : Theodore Balsamon's Canonical Images of Women

Source: Byzantine Studies Conference. Abstracts of Papers , 28., ( 2002): Pages 28
Year of Publication: 2002.

117. Record Number: 10640
Author(s): Tarbin, Stephanie.
Contributor(s):
Title : Moral Regulation and Civic Identity in London, 1400-1530

Source: Our Medieval Heritage: Essays in Honour of John Tillotson for His 60th Birthday. Edited by Linda Rasmussen, Valerie Spear, and Dianne Tillotson . Merton Priory Press, 2002. Byzantine Studies Conference. Abstracts of Papers , 28., ( 2002): Pages 126 - 136.
Year of Publication: 2002.

118. Record Number: 8487
Author(s): Cotsonis, John.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Virgin and Justinian on Seals of the "Ekklesiekdikoi" of Hagia Sophia [The author explores the various meanings carried by the seals made for the clerical tribunal from Hagia Sophia, which present the standing figures of the Virgin and the Emperor Justinian, holding between them a model of the church Hagia Sophia. The church building in part signifies a place of mercy and refuge. Justinian was not only the builder of the church but also the patron of the clerical tribunal. The Virgin was the most powerful intermediary and an object of hope for the penitent and those in trouble. The clerics from the tribunal turned to the Virgin Mary and Justinian for help in coming to just and merciful decisions. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Dumbarton Oaks Papers (Full Text via JSTOR) 56 (2002): 41-55. Link Info
Year of Publication: 2002.

119. Record Number: 11057
Author(s): Conlon, Lynda.
Contributor(s):
Title : Women in Medieval Dublin: Their Legal Rights and Economic Power [The author surveys women's activities in three areas: the ability to control and bequeath land, the practice of using wills to give possessions and property to family and friends, and opportunities to participate in the workforce (particularly in regard to brewing and guilds). Conlon argues that in all of these areas women sometimes had some power but there were usually restrictions and conditions placed upon them due to their gender. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Medieval Dublin IV: proceedings of the Friends of Medieval Dublin Symposium 2002. Edited by Seán Duffy . Four Courts, 2002. Pages 172 - 192.
Year of Publication: 2002.

120. Record Number: 8802
Author(s): Sebregondi, Ludovica.
Contributor(s):
Title : Clothes and Teenagers: What Young Men Wore in Fifteenth-Century Florence [The author argues that young Florentine men wore distinctive clothing. Tight-fitting and revealing cothing that emphasized the wearer's masculinity were popular. Moralists complained but did not succeed in changing fashions. Title note supplied by Feminae.]

Source: The Premodern Teenager: Youth in Society, 1150-1650. Edited by Konrad Eisenbichler . Publications of the Centre for Reformation and Renaissance Studies, Essays and Studies, 1. Centre for Reformation and Renaissance Studies, 2002. Pages 27 - 50.
Year of Publication: 2002.

121. Record Number: 8805
Author(s): Lansing, Carol.
Contributor(s):
Title : Girls in Trouble in Late Medieval Bologna [The author draws evidence of teenaged girls from thirteenth century legal testimony. These cases involved concubines, kidnappings, pregnancies, and neglected girls without marriage prospects. Though the court tended to view these girls as victims, some evidence suggests they were frequently independent and even rebellious. Title note supplied by Feminae.]

122. Record Number: 8084
Author(s): Kirshner, Julius.
Contributor(s):
Title : Li Emergenti Bisogni Matrimoniali in Renaissance Florence

Source: Society and Individual in Renaissance Florence. Edited by William J. Connell . University of California Press, 2002. Pages 79 - 109. Reprinted in Marriage, Dowry, and Citizenship in Late Medieval and Renaissance Italy. Written by Julius Kirshner. University of Toronto Press, 2015. Pages 55-73.
Year of Publication: 2002.

123. Record Number: 8188
Author(s): Kelleher, M. A. ;
Contributor(s):
Title : Like Man and Wife: Clerics' Concubines in the Diocese of Barcelona

Source: Journal of Medieval History , 28., ( 2002): Pages 349 - 360.
Year of Publication: 2002.

124. Record Number: 9338
Author(s): Westphal, Sarah.
Contributor(s):
Title : Bad Girls in the Middle Ages: Gender, Law, and German Literature [The author examines two cases in German literature, that of Calefurnia in the "Sachsenspiegel" and Brunhilt in "Die Mörin," in which women act as advocates in court. While Calefurnia is presented as outrageous and Brunhilt as angry and animal-like, it still suggests that women and women's issues, in particular their seduction and abandonment by men, may merit a public hearing, both in a law court and with an audience listening to poetry. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Essays in Medieval Studies (Full Text via Project Muse) 19 (2002): 103-119. Link Info
Year of Publication: 2002.

125. Record Number: 8284
Author(s): Lacarra Lanz, Eukene.
Contributor(s):
Title : Changing Boundaries of Licit and Illicit Unions: Concubinage and Prostitution [The author provides an historical overview of concubinage and prostitution. Topics discussed include Church views, efforts to distinguish "honest" women from dishonest ones, municipal brothels, legalization of prostitution, and the economics of prostitution. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Marriage and Sexuality in Medieval and Early Modern Iberia. Hispanic Issues, Volume 26. Edited by Eukene Lacarra Lanz . Routledge, 2002. Pages 158 - 194.
Year of Publication: 2002.

126. Record Number: 11037
Author(s): Niebrzydowski, Sue.
Contributor(s):
Title : Monstrous (M)othering: The Representation of the Sowdanesse in Chaucer's "Man of Law Tale"

Source: Consuming Narrative: Gender and Monstrous Appetite in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. Edited by Liz Herbert McAvoy and Teresa Walters . University of Wales Press, 2002. Pages 196 - 207.
Year of Publication: 2002.

127. Record Number: 7304
Author(s): Stacey, Robin Chapman.
Contributor(s):
Title : Divorce, Medieval Welsh Style [The author examines a passage in the "Laws of Women" as it appears in the various Welsh redactions (Iorwerth, Cyfnerth, and Blegywryd) and Latin versions. The passage concerns the division of property between a divorcing man and his wife. The author suggests that the nonsensical divisions indicate a public shaming that would demonstrate the losses soon to be suffered by the man and woman as well as the larger community. The author also suggests that there may be political undertones referring specifically to the troubled marriage of the ruler Llywelyn ap Iorwerth and Joan, illegitimate daughter of John of England. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Speculum , 77., 4 (October 2002): Pages 1107 - 1127.
Year of Publication: 2002.

128. Record Number: 8075
Author(s): Maddern, Philippa.
Contributor(s):
Title : Interpreting Silence: Domestic Violence in the King's Courts in East Anglia, 1422-1442 [The author argues that domestic violence in medieval households was sanctioned when husbands were disciplining their wives, children, or servants. However, subordinates who rebelled were severely punished as were husbands who killed members of their household. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

129. Record Number: 8076
Author(s): Hawkes, Emma.
Contributor(s):
Title : The "Reasonable" Laws of Domestic Violence in Late Medieval England [The author argues theat the concept of reason worked on three levels in regard to the law and domestic abuse: 1) Rationality (a masculine characteristic) was regarded as the key issue, 2) Husbands could discipline their wives "reasonably," 3) Women were alienated from courts because their irrationality made them inherently unreliable. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

130. Record Number: 8079
Author(s): Straus, Barrie Ruth.
Contributor(s):
Title : Reframing the Violence of the Father: Reverse Oedipal Fantasies in Chaucer's Clerk's, Man of Law's, and Prioress's Tales [The author argues that the family relations both in the tales of Griselda and of Custance manifest a profound anxiety about paternity and a need for concealed violence, both physical and psychic. The happy endings do not mask the father's violence and the conflict between the generations. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

131. Record Number: 7866
Author(s): Berkhofer, Robert F., III
Contributor(s):
Title : Marriage, Lordship, and the "Greater Unfree" in Twelfth-Century France [The author uses records from northern French monasteries and information about two well-documented unfree mayoral families to explore the supervision that lords (in these cases abbots) could exert on the marriages of the more important and wealthy unfree. The author also looks at the changes in canon law in regard to marriage and the comparative case of "merchet" (a marriage payment owed to the lord by the unfree) in England. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Past and Present , 173., (November 2001): Pages 3 - 27.
Year of Publication: 2001.

132. Record Number: 10218
Author(s): Bolton, Brenda and Constance M. Rousseau
Contributor(s):
Title : Palmerius of Picciati: Innocent III meets his "Martin Guerre" [In the early thirteenth century, Pope Innocent III drafted a decretal covering a case of disputed identity. A man claiming to be the missing Palmerius of Picciati sued for return of his wife, who had remarried in his absence, and of his property. Faced with conflicting testimony, the pope ruled that the wife, Gilla, should remain with her second husband. Innocent preferred leaving Gilla with her second husband rather than forcing her to return to "Palmerius," with whom she might have been unhappy, despite existing law favoring a first husband over a second if a man presumed dead reappeared. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Proceedings of the Tenth International Congress of Medieval Canon Law, Syracuse, New York, 13-18 August 1996. Edited by Kenneth Pennington, Stanley Chodorow, and Keith H. Kendall . Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, 2001. Byzantine Studies Conference. Abstracts of Papers , 28., ( 2002): Pages 361 - 385.
Year of Publication: 2001.

133. Record Number: 6942
Author(s): Quaglioni, Diego.
Contributor(s):
Title : Sacramenti detestabili: La forma del matrimonio prima e dopo Trento [Medieval jurists combined natural law and Biblical knowledge, as well as sexual and emotional elements, in their teaching on marriage. There were enough ambiguities in local practices to further complicate litigation over contested marriages. This prompted the Council of Trent to attempt a systematization of matrimonial practices, forbidding clandestine unions and emphasizing the role of the priest as witness to the exchange of consents. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Matrimoni in dubbio: unioni controverse e nozze clandestine in Italia dal XIV al XVIII secolo. Edited by Silvana Seidel Menchi and Diego Quaglioni . Mulino, 2001. Past and Present , 173., (November 2001): Pages 61 - 79.
Year of Publication: 2001.

134. Record Number: 6943
Author(s): Marchetto, Giuliano.
Contributor(s):
Title : Matrimoni incerti tra dottrina e prassi: un "consilium sapientis iudiciale" di Baldo degli Ubaldi (1327-1400) [The jurist Baldus de Ubaldis was asked to advise an appellate judge in the case of a man seeking the dowry of a girl with whom he contracted but did not consummate marriage. A statute of Vicenza favored consummation as the most important element in marriage, contrary to the learned law. Baldus advised in his "consilium" that the husband had not sustained the burdens of marriage, and therefore he had no right to the dowry. (The text of the "consilium" is found on pp. 104-105.) Title note supplied by Feminae.].

135. Record Number: 7056
Author(s): Chojnacki, Stanley.
Contributor(s):
Title : Valori patrizi nel tribunale patriarcale: Girolamo da Mula e Marietta Soranzo (Venezia 1460) [Venetian ecclesiastical tribunals often had to balance canon law and political considerations. Giovanni Gabriel was able to argue successfully the importance of the disparate social stranding of Orsa Dolfin and himself. Girolamo da Mula, however, was unsuccessful in using a similar argument to deny that he was married to Marietta Soranzo. Her family was noble and simply out of favor politically. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

136. Record Number: 7057
Author(s): Marchetto, Giuliano.
Contributor(s):
Title : Il matrimonium meticulosam in un "consilium" di Bartolomeo Cipolla (ca. 1420-1475) [Bartolomeo Cipolla had to weigh indirect evidence in the case between Alvise de Sonzino and Ursina Basso to determine whether the groom had been coerced into marriage. The jurist weighed the evidence presented and advised the judge to dismiss fear as a factor in the wedding. The judge, however, ignored the jurist's advice and used his judicial discretion to rule against the marriage. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

137. Record Number: 7058
Author(s): Cristellon, Cecilia.
Contributor(s):
Title : Ursina Basso contro Alvise Soncin: il "consilium" respinto di Bartolomeo Cipolla e gli atti del processo (Padova e Venezia 1461-1462) [Although Bartolomeo Cipolla advised the judge in Padua that Alvise de Sonzino had not been coerced into marrying Ursina Basso, the judge in Padua ruled against the claim of a valid marriage. The appellate judge in Venice unearthed evidence that Ursina's witnesses were suspect for reasons including low social status. He concurred in the original decision. (Additional documentation on CD-ROM accompanying the book). Title note supplied by Feminae.].

138. Record Number: 8665
Author(s): Elsakkers, Marianne.
Contributor(s):
Title : Genre Hopping: Aristotelian Criteria for Abortion in Germania [The author traces Aristotle's ideas on abortion through a chain of early medieval texts including law codes, penitentials, and sermons. She argues that Aristotle was part of a more tolerant view which ran counter to the view that opposed abortion and all other forms of fertility control. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Germanic Texts and Latin Models: Medieval Reconstructions. Edited by K. E. Olsen, A. Harbus, and T. Hofstra . Based on papers presented at an international conference held July 1-3, 1998 at the University of Groningen. Peeters, 2001. Past and Present , 173., (November 2001): Pages 73 - 92.
Year of Publication: 2001.

139. Record Number: 8729
Author(s): Tringham, Nigel J.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Parochial Visitation of Tarvin (Cheshire) in 1317 [The author analyzes the visitation records from the parish of Tarvin. A church official held court for three days, judging the behavior of clergy and lay people. Many of the charges involved sexual misconduct, with the vicar accused of relations with nine women in the village. The article concludes with an English translation of the Latin visitation texts. Title note supplied by Feminae.]

Source: Northern History , 38., 2 (September 2001): Pages 197 - 220.
Year of Publication: 2001.

140. Record Number: 10268
Author(s): Muller, Wolfgang P.
Contributor(s):
Title : Canon Law versus Common Law: The Case of Abortion in Late Medieval England [Medieval Canon law treated abortion as the killing of a person, equating it with homicide. On the Continent, lay courts and the Roman lawyers accepted this doctrine. English Common Law courts did the same until the later thirteenth century. Then abortion became treated as an ordinary suit for damages, not even fining a suspect when a trial was inconclusive. In this case, as in many others, the Common Law, driven by local juries defending their neighbors, parted company with the learned law. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Proceedings of the Tenth International Congress of Medieval Canon Law, Syracuse, New York, 13-18 August 1996. Edited by Kenneth Pennington, Stanley Chodorow, and Keith H. Kendall . Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, 2001. Northern History , 38., 2 (September 2001): Pages 929 - 941.
Year of Publication: 2001.

141. Record Number: 6748
Author(s): Kuehn, Thomas.
Contributor(s):
Title : Daughters, Mothers, Wives, and Widows: Women as Legal Persons [The author traces women's legal agency across the life span; each phase had its limits even widowhood in which many women had to struggle for the return of their dowry or accept remarriage at their natal family's behest].

Source: Time, Space, and Women's Lives in Early Modern Europe. Edited by Anne Jackson Schutte, Thomas Kuehn, and Silvana Seidel Menchi Sixteenth Century Essays and Studies, 57. Truman State University Press, 2001. Byzantine Studies Conference. Abstracts of Papers , 28., ( 2002): Pages 97 - 115.
Year of Publication: 2001.

142. Record Number: 7911
Author(s): Cannon, Christopher.
Contributor(s):
Title : Chaucer and Rape: Uncertainty's Certainties

Source: Representing Rape in Medieval and Early Modern Literature. Edited by Elizabeth Robertson and Christine M. Rose . The New Middle Ages Series. Palgrave, 2001. Byzantine Studies Conference. Abstracts of Papers , 28., ( 2002): Pages 255 - 279.
Year of Publication: 2001.

143. Record Number: 6436
Author(s): Burrell, Margaret.
Contributor(s):
Title : Tel seit la lei de mariage: Fact and Fiction in Models of Twelfth-Century Marriage [the author examines the depiction of marriage in two French texts, the "Mystère d'Adam" and "Erec et Enide," which explore both the theories of marriage and its practice; for Adam and Eve, marriage fails because of a lack of loyalty, but for Chrétien's couple mutual trust and devotion are rewarded].

Source: Parergon: Journal of the Australian and New Zealand Association for Medieval and Early Modern Studies, New Series , 18., 2 (January 2001): Pages 1 - 15.
Year of Publication: 2001.

144. Record Number: 6749
Author(s): Kirshner, Julius.
Contributor(s):
Title : Women Married Elsewhere: Gender and Citizenship in Italy

Source: Time, Space, and Women's Lives in Early Modern Europe. Edited by Anne Jackson Schutte, Thomas Kuehn, and Silvana Seidel Menchi Sixteenth Century Essays and Studies, 57. Truman State University Press, 2001. Parergon: Journal of the Australian and New Zealand Association for Medieval and Early Modern Studies, New Series , 18., 2 (January 2001): Pages 117 - 149. Marriage, Dowry, and Citizenship in Late Medieval and Renaissance Italy. Edited by Julius Kirshner. University of Toronto Press, 2015. Pages 161-188.
Year of Publication: 2001.

145. Record Number: 6742
Author(s): Schein, Sylvia.
Contributor(s):
Title : Women in Medieval Colonial Society: The Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem in the Twelfth Century [The author argues that noble and royal women in the Crusader Kingdom had a better legal status and more freedom of action than women in Europe because the conditions of constant war often overruled traditional gender roles. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Gendering the Crusades. Edited by Susan B. Edgington and Sarah Lambert . University of Wales Press, 2001. Parergon: Journal of the Australian and New Zealand Association for Medieval and Early Modern Studies, New Series , 18., 2 (January 2001): Pages 140 - 153.
Year of Publication: 2001.

146. Record Number: 6434
Author(s): Brundage, James A.
Contributor(s):
Title : Sin, Crime, and the Pleasures of the Flesh: The Medieval Church Judges Sexual Offences [The author provides a brief overview of the issues involved in the medieval church's efforts to enforce rules about sexual behavior].

Source: The Medieval World. Edited by Peter Linehan and Janet L. Nelson . Routledge, 2001. Parergon: Journal of the Australian and New Zealand Association for Medieval and Early Modern Studies, New Series , 18., 2 (January 2001): Pages 294 - 307.
Year of Publication: 2001.

147. Record Number: 6188
Author(s): Federico, Sylvia.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Imaginary Society: Women in 1381 [the author argues that historians have not recognized that women figured both as rebels and victims in the Rising of June 1381; the author uses a variety of primary sources including a pardon roll, evidence from the Court of Common Pleas and special royal commissions, and literary works by Chaucer and Gower as well as Knighton's "Chronicle" and Walsingham's "Historia Anglicana"].

Source: Journal of British Studies (Full Text via JSTOR) 40, 2 (April 2001): 159-183 Link Info
Year of Publication: 2001.

148. Record Number: 6747
Author(s): Chojnacki, Stanley.
Contributor(s):
Title : Getting Back the Dowry: Venice, c. 1360-1530 [the author explores the dowry system for the elite in Venice; he is particularly interested in the relationships within natal and marital families both in terms of widows seeking dowry restitution and for husbands-to-be seeking ways to guarantee their brides' dowries; in both cases the dowry system made women active and vital participants in familial networks].

Source: Time, Space, and Women's Lives in Early Modern Europe. Edited by Anne Jackson Schutte, Thomas Kuehn, and Silvana Seidel Menchi Sixteenth Century Essays and Studies, 57. Truman State University Press, 2001. Pages 77 - 96. Republished as Getting Back the Dowry. By Stanley Chojnacki. Women and Men in Renaissance Venice: Twelve Essays on Patrician Society. Johns Hopkins University Press, 2000. Pages 95-111.
Year of Publication: 2001.

149. Record Number: 6184
Author(s): Crawford, Anne.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Queen's Council in the Middle Ages [the author traces the evidence available for the queen's council, looking at its judicial, administrative, and advisory functions; queens whose councils are discussed in some detail include Eleanor of Provence, Eleanor of Castile, Philippa of Hainault, Margaret of Anjou, and Elizabeth Woodville].

Source: English Historical Review , 116., 469 (November 2001): Pages 1193 - 1211.
Year of Publication: 2001.

150. Record Number: 5976
Author(s): Niebrzydowski, Sue A.
Contributor(s):
Title : Damned Dowagers: The Representation of the Queen Mothers in Chaucer's "Man of Law's Tale"

Source: Gender and Conflict in the Middle Ages. Gender and Medieval Studies Conference, York, January 5-7 2001. . 2001. English Historical Review , 116., 469 (November 2001):
Year of Publication: 2001.

151. Record Number: 6086
Author(s): Niebrzydowski, Sue.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Sultana and Her Sisters: Black Women in the British Isles Before 1530

Source: Women's History Review , 10., 2 ( 2001): Pages 187 - 210.
Year of Publication: 2001.

152. Record Number: 4467
Author(s): Menuge, Noël James.
Contributor(s):
Title : A Few Home Truths: The Medieval Mother as Guardian in Romance and Law [The author examines the roles of mothers and step-mothers in legal treatises and wardship romances; both genres favor the interests of a patrilineal, primogenitive feudal society by showing family members as untrustworthy and only the lord as reliable].

Source: Medieval Women and the Law. Edited by Noël James Menuge . Boydell Press, 2000. Viator , 31., ( 2000): Pages 77 - 103.
Year of Publication: 2000.

153. Record Number: 4808
Author(s): Menuge, No‘l James.
Contributor(s):
Title : Reading Constructed Narratives: An Orphaned Medieval Heiress and the Legal Case as Literature [The author argues that both the coerced heiress and her rejected husband construct narrative cases (found in the York cause papers); but the woman has a stronger witness, and makes shrewd, strategic decisions].

Source: Medieval Women: Texts and Contexts in Late Medieval Britain. Essays for Felicity Riddy. Edited by Jocelyn Wogan-Browne, Rosalynn Voaden, Arlyn Diamond, Ann Hutchison, Carol M. Meale, and Lesley Johnson Medieval Women: Texts and Contexts . Brepols, 2000. Viator , 31., ( 2000): Pages 115 - 129.
Year of Publication: 2000.

154. Record Number: 5358
Author(s): Viscuso, Patrick.
Contributor(s):
Title : Menstruation: A Problem in Late Byzantine Canon Law

Source: Byzantine Studies Conference. Abstracts of Papers , 26., ( 2000): Pages 72 - 73.
Year of Publication: 2000.

155. Record Number: 5593
Author(s): Evans, Michael R.
Contributor(s):
Title : Twenty-Fourth Saint Louis Conference on Manuscript Studies: Abstracts of Papers, Friday, 10 October 1997, Session II--Women of the Book: Düsseldorf, Landes-und Universitätsbibliothek Sammelhandschrift B. 3 and Its Place in Carolingian Literary Culture. [the author argues that the manuscript was completed by or for a woman based on the selection of the fourteen texts included; the saints' lives, prayers, and romances all demonstrate a pronounced interest in female characters and women's concerns; the courtesy texts in the manuscript would have been used by women in the education of their children or others' children in their charge].

Source: Christianizing peoples and converting individuals. Edited by Guyda Armstrong and Ian N. Wood International Medieval Research . Brepols, 2000. Byzantine Studies Conference. Abstracts of Papers , 26., ( 2000): Pages 195 - 2002.
Year of Publication: 2000.

156. Record Number: 7061
Author(s): Quaglini, Diego.
Contributor(s):
Title : Divortium a diversitate mentium: La separazione personale dei coniugi nelle dottrine di diritto commune (appunti per una discussione) [Although Roman law permitted divorce, theology and canon law distinguished between separation of spouses and dissolution of marriage. Separation was permitted on certain grounds, including adultery, mistreatment of wife by husband and the desire of one spouse to enter the religious life. The Council of Trent, however, reaffirmed the sacramental nature of marriage, including its indissolubility. Later canon law also restricted the possibility of separation. Title note supplied by Feminae].

Source: Coniugi nemici: la separazione in Italia dal XII al XVIII secolo. Edited by Silvana Seidel Menchi and Diego Quaglioni . Il mulino, 2000. Byzantine Studies Conference. Abstracts of Papers , 26., ( 2000): Pages 95 - 118.
Year of Publication: 2000.

157. Record Number: 7062
Author(s): Meek, Christine.
Contributor(s):
Title : Simone ha aderito alla fede di Maometto: La 'fornicazione spirituale'come causa di separazione (Lucca 1424)" [The ecclesiastical courts of Lucca largely dealt with the bond of marriage, leaving the property issues of a dissolution to the lay courts. In her petition for a divorce from Simone di Iacopo, Bartolomea di Matteo argued that her husband had gone over to Islam and had taken a Muslim wife. The ecclesiastical tribunal made careful inquiries and concluded that this was true. Bartolomea was granted a separation from Simone, but the marriage was not annulled. Title note supplied by Feminae].

158. Record Number: 7063
Author(s): Chojnacki, Stanley.
Contributor(s):
Title : Il divorzio di Cateruzza: rappresentazione femminile ed esito processuale (Venezia 1465 [Marriages helped unify the Venetian patriciate, and their dissolution undermined unity. Church courts dealing with dissolution of marriages had to take into account both law and politics. Church courts did not grant separations lightly, demanding evidence of marital failure; and they tried to promote reconciliation of spouses. The charges Cateruzza Vittori brought against her husband included keeping a servant as a concubine and failing to support his stepsons. Cateruzza obtained a rare case in this situation, perhaps because she had strong backing from her family and its connections. Title note supplied by Feminae]

159. Record Number: 7064
Author(s): Minnucci, Giovanni.
Contributor(s):
Title : An mulier verberari possit‚: Una Œquaestio disputata‚ di argomento matrimoniale [An Italian jurist composed a "disputed question" debating whether an abusive husband could be bound under threat of a financial penalty not to beat his wife. The jurist answered, drawing on the work of the Bolognese legist Bulgarus, that the wife owed her husband the conjugal debt but that he could be bound not to inflict physical abuse. Title note supplied by Feminae].

160. Record Number: 7169
Author(s): Muzzarelli, Maria Giuseppina.
Contributor(s):
Title : Seta posseduta et seta consentita: dalle aspirazioni individuali alle norme suntuarie nel basso medioevo [Regulation of the use of silk, like all sumptuary norms, reinforced social distinctions, preventing people from posing as members of a higher social class. Not just wearing silk, but wearing different types of the fabric was regulated. Regulation differed by sex and by the status of a woman's husband or father. Silk, however, though regulated, was not the greatest concern of the Italian legislators. Nevertheless it does appear frequently in dowries. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: La seta in Italia dal Medioevo al Seicento. Dal baco al drappo. Edited by Luca Molà, Reinhold C. Mueller, and Claudio Zanier . Marsilio, 2000. Byzantine Studies Conference. Abstracts of Papers , 26., ( 2000): Pages 211 - 232.
Year of Publication: 2000.

161. Record Number: 4607
Author(s): Kay, Sarah.
Contributor(s):
Title : Audacious Nuns: Institutionalizing the Franciscan Order of Saint Clare [The author analyzes the legal and political struggles between the Poor Clares and the male Franciscan order, with the women finally successful in ensuring that the Franciscans would provide them with spiritual care].

Source: Church History , 69., 1 (March 2000): Pages 41 - 62.
Year of Publication: 2000.

162. Record Number: 5229
Author(s): Mueller, Joan.
Contributor(s):
Title : Agnes of Prague and the Juridical Implications of the Privilege of Poverty [Agnes, daughter of the King of Bohemia, was inspired by Clare of Assisi to enter the order of Poor Clares ; Agnes resisted papal efforts to force her acceptance of property and other endowments for her monastery].

Source: Franciscan Studies , 58., ( 2000): Pages 261 - 287.
Year of Publication: 2000.

163. Record Number: 16584
Author(s): Friedrichs, Rhoda Lange.
Contributor(s):
Title : Rich Old Ladies Made Poor: The Vulnerability of Women's Property in Late Medieval England

Source: Medieval Prosopography , 21., ( 2000): Pages 211 - 229.
Year of Publication: 2000.

164. Record Number: 5448
Author(s): Bridgeman, Jane.
Contributor(s):
Title : Pagare le pompe: Why Quattrocento Sumptuary Laws Did Not Work [the author argues that given the very high costs for fabric, especially luxury fabrics, sumptuary laws were intended as a supplementary taxation on the wealthy; instead of forbidding costly attire, the system gave those of high status the opportunity to dress opulently by paying fines].

Source: Women in Italian Renaissance Culture and Society. Edited by Letizia Panizza . European Humanities Research Centre, University of Oxford, 2000. Medieval Prosopography , 21., ( 2000): Pages 209 - 226.
Year of Publication: 2000.

165. Record Number: 20896
Author(s): Morosini, Roberta
Contributor(s):
Title : Bone eloquence e mondo alla rovescia nel discorso "semblable a la reisun" nella novella di Madonna Filippa" ("Decameron" VI.7) [The tale of Madonna Filippa resembles Marie de France's fable about the peasant who demanded a higher price for his horse because the buyer had only seen the old half of the horse. The judge seeks to save Madonna Filippa's life when her husband brings a charge of adultery by employing a similar exercise in facile logic. He accepts Madonna Filippa's defense without objection, being moved by her beauty. Title note supplied by Feminae.]

Source: Italica , 77., 1 ( 2000): Pages 1 - 13.
Year of Publication: 2000.

166. Record Number: 4621
Author(s): Klein, Elka
Contributor(s):
Title : The Widow's Portion: Law, Custom, and Marital Property among Medieval Catalan Jews

Source: Viator , 31., ( 2000): Pages 147 - 163.
Year of Publication: 2000.

167. Record Number: 5447
Author(s): Meek, Christine.
Contributor(s):
Title : Women Between the Law and Social Reality in Early Renaissance Lucca [The author examines cases in which women claimed their dowries, either because their husbands had died or because their husbands' finances were very precarious].

Source: Women in Italian Renaissance Culture and Society. Edited by Letizia Panizza . European Humanities Research Centre, University of Oxford, 2000. Viator , 31., ( 2000): Pages 182 - 193.
Year of Publication: 2000.

168. Record Number: 5380
Author(s): Burch, Sally L.
Contributor(s):
Title : Amadas et Ydoine, "Cliges" and the Impediment of Crime [the author uses the attitude of the "Amadas" poet toward adultery to argue that Chrétien may not have intended the marriage of Cliges and Fenice to have been a happy conclusion; instead the marriage of the adulterers may have been an indication of how decadent their society had become].

Source: Forum for Modern Language Studies , 36., 2 (April 2000): Pages 185 - 195.
Year of Publication: 2000.

169. Record Number: 4469
Author(s): Phillips, Kim M.
Contributor(s):
Title : Written on the Body: Reading Rape from the Twelfth to Fifteenth Centuries [the author argues that English law and legal treatises give evidence of three phases over time in the understanding of rape: 1) The raped body as bleeding and violently assaulted 2) Rape as the violation of virginity 3) The raped body as absent, a body that has been feloniously abducted].

Source: Medieval Women and the Law. Edited by Noël James Menuge . Boydell Press, 2000. Forum for Modern Language Studies , 36., 2 (April 2000): Pages 125 - 144.
Year of Publication: 2000.

170. Record Number: 4547
Author(s): Kelly, Henry Ansgar.
Contributor(s):
Title : Bishop, Prioress, and Bawd in the Stews of Southwark [the author explores the financial and legal relationships among the Bishop of Winchester, the nuns of Stratford, and the proprietors of houses of prostitution in Southwark; in the Appendix the author provides translations from four relevant documents or series of documents: The will of Richard Bronde, London, 1500; Overdue rents from Southwark, Winchester Diocese Pipe Roll, 1503-1504; Mentions of stewhouses in the court roll of the bishop of Winchester's manor, October 13, 1505 - September 21, 1506; Houses in the liberty of the bishop of Winchester in Southwark at which suspect persons were found, July 17, 1519].

Source: Speculum , 75., 2 (April 2000): Pages 342 - 388.
Year of Publication: 2000.

171. Record Number: 4468
Author(s): Saunders, Corinne.
Contributor(s):
Title : A Matter of Consent: Middle English Romance and the Law of "Raptus"

Source: Medieval Women and the Law. Edited by Noël James Menuge . Boydell Press, 2000. Speculum , 75., 2 (April 2000): Pages 105 - 124.
Year of Publication: 2000.

172. Record Number: 4987
Author(s): Macy, Gary.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Ordination of Women in the Early Middle Ages

Source: Theological Studies , 61., 3 (September 2000): Pages 481 - 507.
Year of Publication: 2000.

173. Record Number: 4611
Author(s): Resnick, Irven M.
Contributor(s):
Title : Marriage in Medieval Culture: Consent Theory and the Case of Joseph and Mary [The author argues that the Church emphasized the importance of consent in order to remove marriage from the control of the laity; yet in order to prove consent practical, theologians came around to conjugal relations as a sure sign of consent].

Source: Church History , 69., 2 (June 2000): Pages 350 - 371.
Year of Publication: 2000.

174. Record Number: 4470
Author(s): Hawkes, Emma.
Contributor(s):
Title : [S]he Will...Protect and Defend Her Rights Boldly by Law and Reason...: Women's Knowledge of Common Law and Equity Courts in Late-Medieval England [The author argues that though women did not participate in court cases in large numbers, some gentry women directed legal cases behind th scenes, showing a good grasp of the law].

Source: Medieval Women and the Law. Edited by Noël James Menuge . Boydell Press, 2000. Church History , 69., 2 (June 2000): Pages 145 - 161.
Year of Publication: 2000.

175. Record Number: 4464
Author(s): Smith, Jennifer.
Contributor(s):
Title : Unfamiliar Territory: Women, Land, and Law in Occitania, 1130-1250

Source: Medieval Women and the Law. Edited by Noël James Menuge . Boydell Press, 2000. Church History , 69., 2 (June 2000): Pages 19 - 40.
Year of Publication: 2000.

176. Record Number: 4463
Author(s): Thompson, Victoria.
Contributor(s):
Title : Women, Power, and Protection in Tenth- and Eleventh-Century England [The author briefly explores Old English texts which present women's voices in order to determine whether their power was real or merely rhetorical].

Source: Medieval Women and the Law. Edited by Noël James Menuge . Boydell Press, 2000. Church History , 69., 2 (June 2000): Pages 1 - 17.
Year of Publication: 2000.

177. Record Number: 4465
Author(s): Beattie, Cordelia.
Contributor(s):
Title : A Room of One's Own? The Legal Evidence for the Residential Arrangements of Women Without Husbands in Late Fourteenth- and Early Fifteenth-Century York

Source: Medieval Women and the Law. Edited by Noël James Menuge . Boydell Press, 2000. Church History , 69., 2 (June 2000): Pages 41 - 56.
Year of Publication: 2000.

178. Record Number: 4622
Author(s): Winer, Rebecca Lynn.
Contributor(s):
Title : Defining Rape in Medieval Perpignan: Women Plaintiffs Before the Law [the Appendix provides editions of one release and one pardon in Latin written in the 1270s].

Source: Viator , 31., ( 2000): Pages 165 - 183.
Year of Publication: 2000.

179. Record Number: 4786
Author(s): Brasington, Bruce C.
Contributor(s):
Title : Crusader, Castration, Canon Law: Ivo of Chartres' Letter 135 [the author considers the case of a former crusader who castrated a priest in a dispute over property; Ivo, though shocked by the horrific crime, showed mercy by allowing the knight to go to Rome and ask the pope to remove Ivo's penance; the appendix reproduces Ivo's letter in Latin].

Source: Catholic Historical Review , 85., 3 (July 1999): Pages 367 - 382.
Year of Publication: 1999.

180. Record Number: 3708
Author(s): Stolte, Bernard.
Contributor(s):
Title : Desires Denied: Marriage, Adultery, and Divorce in Early Byzantine Law

Source: Desire and Denial in Byzantium: Papers from the Thirty-First Spring Symposium of Byzantine Studies, University of Sussex, Brighton, March 1997. Edited by Liz James. Society for the Promotion of Byzantine Studies, Publications 6 . Variorum (Ashgate Publishing), 1999. Catholic Historical Review , 85., 3 (July 1999): Pages 77 - 86.
Year of Publication: 1999.

181. Record Number: 4236
Author(s): Nicholson, H. J.
Contributor(s):
Title : Margaret de Lacy and the Hospital of St. John at Aconbury, Herefordshire [The author examines Magaret de Lacy's successful effort to oust the Hospitallers from the priory that she had founded for women].

Source: Edited by Anthony Luttrell and Helen J. Nicholson Journal of Ecclesiastical History , 50., 4 (October 1999): Pages 629 - 651. Later version published in Hospitaller Women in the Middle Ages. Edited by Anthony Luttrell and Helen J. Nicholson. Ashgate, 2006. Pages 153-178
Year of Publication: 1999.

182. Record Number: 4332
Author(s): Elsakkers, Marianne.
Contributor(s):
Title : Raptus ultra Rhenum: Early Ninth-Century Saxon Laws on Abduction and Rape [The author consults four law codes: "Leges Saxonum," "Lex Chamavorum," "Lex Frisionum," and "Lex Thuringorum."

Source: Amsterdamer Beiträge zur älteren Germanistik , 52., ( 1999): Pages 27 - 53.
Year of Publication: 1999.

183. Record Number: 4596
Author(s): van Houts, Elisabeth.
Contributor(s):
Title : Gender and Authority of Oral Witnesses in Europe (800- 1300) [The author examines women's participation in legal cases; only under certain circumstances could women testify; canon lawyers were hostile towards women, while secular lawyers, such as Philippe de Beaumanoir, were more lenient].

Source: Transactions of the Royal Historical Society. Sixth Series , 9., ( 1999): Pages 201 - 220.
Year of Publication: 1999.

184. Record Number: 5349
Author(s): Viscuso, Patrick.
Contributor(s):
Title : Vampires, Not Mothers: The Living Dead in the Canonical Responses of Ioasaph of Ephesos

Source: Byzantine Studies Conference. Abstracts of Papers , 25., ( 1999): Pages 11 - 12.
Year of Publication: 1999.

185. Record Number: 5611
Author(s): Viscuso, Patrick, Father.
Contributor(s):
Title : Late Byzantine Canonical Views on the Dissolution of Marriage

Source: Greek Orthodox Theological Review , 44., 40182 ( 1999): Pages 273 - 290.
Year of Publication: 1999.

186. Record Number: 5820
Author(s): Guzzetti, Linda.
Contributor(s):
Title : Donne e scrittura a Venezia nel tardo trecento [Remarkably few personal documents from Venice survive from before the 16th century nor was the Venetian vernacular a developed literary tongue; consequently we have very little material written by Venetian women; Cataruza da Pesaro, however, has left us letters to her brother-in-law; other signs of literacy include legacies of books and a handful of autograph wills].

Source: Archivio Veneto Series V , 187., 130 ( 1999): Pages 5 - 31.
Year of Publication: 1999.

187. Record Number: 6286
Author(s): Störmer-Caysa, Uta.
Contributor(s):
Title : Kriemhilds erste Ehe: Ein Vorschlag zum Verständnis von Siegfrieds Tod im Nibelungenlied

Source: Neophilologus , 83., 1 ( 1999): Pages 93 - 113.
Year of Publication: 1999.

188. Record Number: 3764
Author(s): Mitchell, Linda E.
Contributor(s):
Title : Women and Medieval Canon Law [The author provides an introductory overview touching on nuns, marriage, poor women, rape, and heresy].

Source: Women in Medieval Western European Culture. Edited by Linda E. Mitchell . Garland Publishing, 1999. Byzantine Studies Conference. Abstracts of Papers , 26., ( 2000): Pages 143 - 153.
Year of Publication: 1999.

189. Record Number: 9623
Author(s): Guareschi, Massimiliano.
Contributor(s):
Title : Fra "Canones" e "Leges": "Magister Vacarius" e il Matrimonio [The relative importance of consent and consummation in validating marriage was disputed by canonists and theologians. Vacarius, an Italian jurist who worked in England, attempted to resolve this question by finding a "Third Way." Vacarius believed the couple's giving of themselves to each other established a marriage. Vacarius was not just a theorist, but a practicing jurist who served as a judge in a case of bigamy in the Archdiocese of York. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Mélanges de l'Ecole française de Rome. Moyen âge , 111., 1 ( 1999): Pages 105 - 139.
Year of Publication: 1999.

190. Record Number: 7350
Author(s): Beaucamp, Joëlle
Contributor(s):
Title : Incapacité féminine et rôle public à Byzance [The author argues that women's opportunities to bring suit and give testimony were limited in the sixth and seventh centuries but were more restricted in the ninth century (according to the law codes of Emperor Leo VI) with women allowed to testify only about "women's matters," e.g. virginity, birth, and other matters known only to women. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Femmes et pouvoirs des femmes à Byzance et en Occident (VIe -XIe siècles). Colloque international organisé les 28, 29 et 30 mars 1996 à Bruxelles et Villeneuve d'Ascq. Edited by Stéphane Lebecq, Alain Dierkens, Régine Le Jan, and Jean-Marie Sansterre . Centre de Recherche sur l'Histoire de l'Europe du Nord-Ouest, Université Charles de Gaulle-Lille 3, 1999. Byzantine Studies Conference. Abstracts of Papers , 26., ( 2000): Pages 23 - 36. Reprinted in Femmes, patrimoines, normes à Byzance. By Joëlle Beaucamp. Association des amis du Centre d'histoire et civilisation de Byzance, 2010. Pages 295-308.
Year of Publication: 1999.

191. Record Number: 3672
Author(s): McSheffrey, Shannon.
Contributor(s):
Title : Men and Masculinity in Late Medieval London Civic Culture: Governance, Patriarchy, and Reputation [The author argues that both women and men were judged to be disorderly and misgoverned when they misbehaved sexually].

Source: Conflicted Identities and Multiple Masculinities: Men in the Medieval West. Edited by Jacqueline Murray . Garland Medieval Casebooks, volume 25. Garland Reference Library of the Humanities, volume 2078. Garland Publishing, 1999. Byzantine Studies Conference. Abstracts of Papers , 26., ( 2000): Pages 243 - 278.
Year of Publication: 1999.

192. Record Number: 4001
Author(s): Bestor, Jane Fair.
Contributor(s):
Title : Marriage Transactions in Renaissance Italy and Mauss's "Essay on the Gift" [The author focuses on the gifts that the groom gave the bride including jewelry, ornaments, and rich clothing; by the fifteenth century grooms retained use over these expensive items and often rented them out or sold them.]

Source: Past and Present (Full Text via JSTOR) 164 (August 1999): 6-46. Link Info
Year of Publication: 1999.

193. Record Number: 3657
Author(s): Stuard, Susan Mosher.
Contributor(s):
Title : Gravitas and Consumption [The author explores why the "sapientes," the leaders of Venice and Florence, regulated consumption for their wives, daughters and sons but not for themselves].

Source: Conflicted Identities and Multiple Masculinities: Men in the Medieval West. Edited by Jacqueline Murray . Garland Medieval Casebooks, volume 25. Garland Reference Library of the Humanities, volume 2078. Garland Publishing, 1999. Pages 215 - 242. Republished in Considering Medieval Women and Gender. Susan Mosher Stuard. Ashgate Variorum, 2010. Chapter IV.
Year of Publication: 1999.

194. Record Number: 3762
Author(s): Loengard, Janet S.
Contributor(s):
Title : Common Law for Margerty: Separate But Not Equal [The author provides an introductory overview touching on land holding, inheritance, contracts, torts, criminal law, and punishment].

Source: Women in Medieval Western European Culture. Edited by Linda E. Mitchell . Garland Publishing, 1999. Pages 117 - 130.
Year of Publication: 1999.

195. Record Number: 4780
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Mulieres religiosae, Strictly Speaking: Some Fourteenth-Century Canonical Opinions [The author argues that some canonists chose to stretch the definitions to include such quasi-religious women as beguines and canonesses within the protections and privileges of canon law].

Source: Catholic Historical Review , 85., 1 (January 1999): Pages 1 - 14.
Year of Publication: 1999.

196. Record Number: 5297
Author(s): Jacobs, Kathryn.
Contributor(s):
Title : Extra-Marital Contracts in the "Canterbury Tales" [The author argues that Chaucer's lovers delay consummation and pledge a contractual, legalistic promise to one another in imitation of marriage and courtship practices].

Source: Publications of the Medieval Association of the Midwest , 6., ( 1999): Pages 25 - 33.
Year of Publication: 1999.

197. Record Number: 7351
Author(s): La Rocca, Cristina.
Contributor(s):
Title : Pouvoirs des femmes, pouvoir de la loi dans l'Italie Lombarde [The author argues that one can speak of women's rights in this period, but only those that aristocratic families negotiated with the king in order to preserve patrimonies. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Femmes et pouvoirs des femmes à Byzance et en Occident (VIe -XIe siècles). Colloque international organisé les 28, 29 et 30 mars 1996 à Bruxelles et Villeneuve d'Ascq. Edited by Stéphane Lebecq, Alain Dierkens, Régine Le Jan, and Jean-Marie Sansterre . Centre de Recherche sur l'Histoire de l'Europe du Nord-Ouest, Université Charles de Gaulle-Lille 3, 1999. Publications of the Medieval Association of the Midwest , 6., ( 1999): Pages 37 - 50.
Year of Publication: 1999.

198. Record Number: 5586
Author(s): Fazio, Ida.
Contributor(s):
Title : Le ricchezze e le donne: Verso una ri-problematizzazione [much of the recent scholarship on women in the Middle Ages focuses on patrimony; this includes the study of legal norms, especially those of Roman law, applied to dowry; asymmetrical family strategies, in which women benefited less than men did, are crucial to these studies, although scholars disagree on specific interpretations].

Source: Quaderni Storici , 2 (Agosto 1999): Pages 539 - 555.
Year of Publication: 1999.

199. Record Number: 3993
Author(s): Hough, Carole.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Widow's "Mund" in AEthelberht 75 and 76 [The author argues that the text refers to the protection that widows were able to extend to their household and dependants.]

Source: JEGP: Journal of English and Germanic Philology , 98., 1 (January 1999): Pages 1 - 16.
Year of Publication: 1999.

200. Record Number: 3808
Author(s): Kittell, Ellen E.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Construction of Women's Social Identity in Medieval Douai: Evidence from Identifying Epithets [many women acted for themselves in doing public business].

Source: Journal of Medieval History , 25., 3 (September 1999): Pages 215 - 227.
Year of Publication: 1999.

201. Record Number: 3763
Author(s): Reyerson, Kathryn and Thomas Kuehn
Contributor(s):
Title : Women and Law in France and Italy [both authors provide an introductory overview; Reyerson briefly surveys inheritance, marriage, dowries, womens' ability to do business, and crimes including prostitution; Kuehn briefly surveys inheritance, dowry, and guardianship].

202. Record Number: 4429
Author(s): Rogers, Therisa.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Islamic Ethics of Abortion in the Traditional Islamic Sources

Source: Muslim World , 89., 2 (April 1999): Pages 122 - 129.
Year of Publication: 1999.

203. Record Number: 4760
Author(s): Skinner, Patricia.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Widow's Options in Medieval Southern Italy [The author analyzes data from charters and finds 215 documented widows up to 1100].

Source: Widowhood in Medieval and Early Modern Europe. Edited by Sandra Cavallo and Lyndan Warner . Women and Men in History. Longman, 1999. Muslim World , 89., 2 (April 1999): Pages 57 - 65.
Year of Publication: 1999.

204. Record Number: 4028
Author(s): Menuge, No‘l James.
Contributor(s):
Title : Female Wards and Marriage in Romance and Law: A Question of Consent

Source: Young Medieval Women. Edited by Katherine J. Lewis, Noel James Menuge, and Kim M. Phillips . St. Martin's Press, 1999. Muslim World , 89., 2 (April 1999): Pages 153 - 171.
Year of Publication: 1999.

205. Record Number: 3398
Author(s): Giladi, Avner.
Contributor(s):
Title : Breast-Feeding in Medieval Islamic Thought: a Preliminary Study of Legal and Medical Writings

Source: Journal of Family History , 23., 2 (April 1998): Pages 107 - 123.
Year of Publication: 1998.

206. Record Number: 3506
Author(s): Kerr, Margaret H.
Contributor(s):
Title : Husband and Wife in Criminal Proceedings in Medieval England [a wife's rights were severely restricted in criminal procedures and she was subject to her husband's guardianship; she generally only began a criminal procecution for rape or causing a miscarriage; if husband and wife together committed a crime, the husband was generally held responsible; appendices include "A Note on Rape," "A Note on Wives' Unconventional Appeals," and "Primary Sources"].

Source: Women, Marriage, and Family in Medieval Christendom: Essays in Memory of Michael M. Sheehan, C.S.B. Edited by Constance M. Rousseau and Joel T. Rosenthal . Western Michigan University, 1998. Journal of Family History , 23., 2 (April 1998): Pages 211 - 251.
Year of Publication: 1998.

207. Record Number: 3666
Author(s): Guzzetti, Linda.
Contributor(s):
Title : Separations and Separated Couples in Fourteenth-Century Venice [The author studies the cases of sixteen couples; the appendix includes the sources and amounts of dowry and maintenance for each case].

Source: Marriage in Italy, 1300-1650. Edited by Trevor Dean and K. J. P. Lowe . Cambridge University Press, 1998. Journal of Family History , 23., 2 (April 1998): Pages 249 - 274.
Year of Publication: 1998.

208. Record Number: 4340
Author(s): Brundage, James A.
Contributor(s):
Title : Juridical Space: Female Witnesses in Canon Law

Source: Dumbarton Oaks Papers (Full Text via JSTOR) 52 (1998): 147-156. Link Info
Year of Publication: 1998.

209. Record Number: 4366
Author(s): Viscuso, Patrick.
Contributor(s):
Title : Late Byzantine Canonical Views on the Dissolution of Marriage

Source: Byzantine Studies Conference. Abstracts of Papers , 24., ( 1998): Pages 74 - 75.
Year of Publication: 1998.

210. Record Number: 4408
Author(s): Hanawalt, Barbara A.
Contributor(s):
Title : Whose Story Was This? Rape Narratives in Medieval English Courts [the author argues that for female victims, rape prosecutions were seldom successful and often resulted in fines and imprisonment for the rape victim; Hanawalt examines in detail the case of eleven-year-old Joan who allegedly was raped by a merchant from Bordeaux].

Source: Of Good and Ill Repute: Gender and Social Control in Medieval England. Barbara A. Hanawalt . Oxford University Press, 1998. Byzantine Studies Conference. Abstracts of Papers , 24., ( 1998): Pages 124 - 141.
Year of Publication: 1998.

211. Record Number: 6290
Author(s): Siegmund, Frank.
Contributor(s):
Title : Pactus Legis Salicae § 13; Über den Frauenraub in der Merowingerzeit

Source: Frühmittelalterliche Studien , 32., ( 1998): Pages 101 - 123.
Year of Publication: 1998.

212. Record Number: 15503
Author(s): Precopi Lombardo, Annamaria
Contributor(s):
Title : La Condizione femminile nelle comunità ebraiche di Sicilia [The late medieval Jewish community in Sicily maintained commercial, religious, and linguistic contacts throughout the Mediterranean region. Daughters of Sicilian Jewish families were treated like guests in their houses until they married. A young bride was expected to bring her husband a dowry and bear children. Royal law recognized Jewish legal norms and rites of marriage, except where Sicilian law differed from Jewish law. Title note supplied by Feminae.]

Source: Archivio Storico Siciliano , 24., 1 ( 1998): Pages 94 - 119.
Year of Publication: 1998.

213. Record Number: 4339
Author(s): Beaucamp, Joëlle
Contributor(s):
Title : Les Femmes et l'espace public à Byzance: Le cas des tribunaux

Source: Dumbarton Oaks Papers (Full Text via JSTOR) 52 (1998): 129-145. Link Info
Year of Publication: 1998.

214. Record Number: 2973
Author(s): Kuehn, Thomas.
Contributor(s):
Title : Person and Gender in the Laws [briefly analyzes women and inheritance and women and legal transactions including the guardianship of children, financial liabilities, the management of dowries, and the office of mundualdus which gave a woman consent for a particular action].

Source: Gender and Society in Renaissance Italy. Edited by Judith C. Brown and Robert C. Davis . Longman, 1998. Pages 87 - 106.
Year of Publication: 1998.

215. Record Number: 3504
Author(s): McSheffrey, Shannon.
Contributor(s):
Title : I Will Never Have None Ayenst My Faders Will: Consent and the Making of Marriage in the Late Medieval Diocese of London [depositions given before the diocese of London's consistory and commissary courts 1467-1476 and 1489-1497, give evidence of women's need for the permission of their families, employers, and friends in order to contract a marriage].

216. Record Number: 5345
Author(s): Virtue, Nancy E.
Contributor(s):
Title : Another Look at Medieval Rape Legislation [The author argues that Gratian made important distinctions that heralded the emergence of the legal concept of female consent in sexual relations].

Source: Mediaevalia , 22., 1 ( 1998): Pages 79 - 94. Published by the Center for Medieval and Early Renaissance Studies, State University of New York at Binghamton
Year of Publication: 1998.

217. Record Number: 13746
Author(s): Beaudette, Paul.
Contributor(s):
Title : In the world but not of it: Clerical Celibacy as a Symbol of the Medieval Church

Source: Medieval Purity and Piety: Essays on Medieval Clerical Celibacy and Religious Reform. Edited by Michael Frassetto Garland Medieval Casebooks Series . Garland Publishing, 1998. Mediaevalia , 22., 1 ( 1998): Pages 23 - 46.
Year of Publication: 1998.

218. Record Number: 4296
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : The Jewish Mother-in-Law: Synagoga and the "Man of Law's Tale" [The author suggests that Custance's mothers-in-law bring to mind Hildegard's figure of Synagoga].

Source: Hildegard of Bingen: A book of Essays. Edited by Maud Burnett McInerney . Garland Publishing, 1998. Mediaevalia , 22., 1 ( 1998): Pages 191 - 226.
Year of Publication: 1998.

219. Record Number: 3142
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Gender Difference and Indifference in the Writings of Pope Innocent III

Source: Gender and Christian religion: papers read at the 1996 Summer Meeting and the 1997 Winter Meeting of the Ecclesiastical History Society. Edited by R. N. Swanson Studies in Church History, 34. 1998. Mediaevalia , 22., 1 ( 1998): Pages 105 - 117.
Year of Publication: 1998.

220. Record Number: 3661
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Fathers and Daughters: Marriage Laws and Marriage Disputes in Bologna and Italy, 1200-1500 [The author analyzes criminal law and court cases involving adultery, bigamy, rape and clandestine marriages, concluding with case studies from Bologna].

Source: Marriage in Italy, 1300-1650. Edited by Trevor Dean and K. J. P. Lowe . Cambridge University Press, 1998. Mediaevalia , 22., 1 ( 1998): Pages 85 - 106.
Year of Publication: 1998.

221. Record Number: 8950
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Maintaining Boundaries: The Status of Actresses in Early Christian Society [The author deals in part with conditions in early Byzantium. In most instances actresses could only escape social and legal infamy by renouncing the stage. In a few cases, such as that of Theodora, highly favored actresses were able to marry into the senatorial class by some legal manoeuvering. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Vigiliae Christianae , 52., ( 1998): Pages 293 - 318.
Year of Publication: 1998.

222. Record Number: 3662
Author(s): d'Avray, David.
Contributor(s):
Title : Marriage Ceremonies and the Church in Italy After 1215 [The author concludes that during this period of time priests were not required to conduct marriages; instead notaries frequently performed the ceremony].

Source: Marriage in Italy, 1300-1650. Edited by Trevor Dean and K. J. P. Lowe . Cambridge University Press, 1998. Vigiliae Christianae , 52., ( 1998): Pages 107 - 115.
Year of Publication: 1998.

223. Record Number: 3505
Author(s): Pedersen, Frederik.
Contributor(s):
Title : Maritalis Affectio: Marital Affection and Property in Fourteenth-Century York Cause Papers [marital affection is an elusive concept; in Roman law it meant the quality of will necessary for both the establishment of a legally valid marriage and for the transfer of property; in the Middle Ages it developed into a phrase that meant the internal psychological quality of marriage].

Source: Women, Marriage, and Family in Medieval Christendom: Essays in Memory of Michael M. Sheehan, C.S.B. Edited by Constance M. Rousseau and Joel T. Rosenthal . Western Michigan University, 1998. Vigiliae Christianae , 52., ( 1998): Pages 175 - 209.
Year of Publication: 1998.

224. Record Number: 6294
Author(s): Rouse, Robert Allen.
Contributor(s):
Title : eyn ganss truwe frunt: Frauen und Kinder also Opfer männlicher Freundschaftstreue in zwei Exempln des Grossen Seelentrostes

Source: Neophilologus , 82., 3 ( 1998): Pages 425 - 433.
Year of Publication: 1998.

225. Record Number: 4744
Author(s): Kelly, Henry Ansgar.
Contributor(s):
Title : Meanings and Uses of "Raptus" in Chaucer's Time [the Appendix presents twelve Latin legal texts with English translations from the Public Record Office that the author discusses in his article].

Source: Studies in the Age of Chaucer , 20., ( 1998): Pages 101 - 165. Later published in Inquisitions and Other Trial Procedures in the Medieval West. Ashgate Variorum, 2001
Year of Publication: 1998.

226. Record Number: 2900
Author(s): Helmholz, R.H.
Contributor(s):
Title : Harboring Sexual Offenders: Ecclesiastical Courts and Controlling Misbehavior [prosecution of those who knowingly allow illicit sex to take place in their houses].

Source: Journal of British Studies (Full Text via JSTOR) 37, 3 (July 1998): 258-268 Link Info
Year of Publication: 1998.

227. Record Number: 3053
Author(s): Kittell, Ellen E.
Contributor(s):
Title : Guardianship over Women in Medieval Flanders: A Reappraisal

Source: Journal of Social History , 31., 4 (Summer 1998): Pages 897 - 930.
Year of Publication: 1998.

228. Record Number: 3241
Author(s): Wood, Ian.
Contributor(s):
Title : Incest, Law, and the Bible in Sixth-Century Gaul [discusses legislation of kings and Church councils in regard to prohibited degrees of marriage].

Source: Early Medieval Europe , 7., 3 ( 1998): Pages 291 - 303.
Year of Publication: 1998.

229. Record Number: 3663
Author(s): Chojnacki, Stanley.
Contributor(s):
Title : Nobility, Women and the State: Marriage Regulation in Venice, 1420-1535

Source: Marriage in Italy, 1300-1650. Edited by Trevor Dean and K. J. P. Lowe . Cambridge University Press, 1998. Early Medieval Europe , 7., 3 ( 1998): Pages 128 - 151. Republished in slightly altered form as Marriage Regulation in Venice, 1420-1535. By Stanley Chojnacki. Women and Men in Renaissance Venice: Twelve Essays on Patrician Society. Johns Hopkins University Press, 2000. Pages 53-75.
Year of Publication: 1998.

230. Record Number: 3107
Author(s): Landman, James H.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Laws of Community, Margery Kempe, and the "Canon's Yeoman's Tale"

Source: Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies , 28., 2 (Spring 1998): Pages 389 - 425.
Year of Publication: 1998.

231. Record Number: 3508
Author(s): Haskett, Timothy S.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Curteys Women in Chancery: The Legacy of Henry and Rye Brown [the author examines two wills from a husband and a wife along with a Chancery bill from five female relatives of the husband who ask for help in obtaining some property wrongly appropriated by the husband's executor; appendices include the requests and directions of Henry Browne and Rye Browne, and an edition of the Chancery bill from the Curteys women].

Source: Women, Marriage, and Family in Medieval Christendom: Essays in Memory of Michael M. Sheehan, C.S.B. Edited by Constance M. Rousseau and Joel T. Rosenthal . Western Michigan University, 1998. Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies , 28., 2 (Spring 1998): Pages 349 - 398.
Year of Publication: 1998.

232. Record Number: 1873
Author(s): Giladi, Avner.
Contributor(s):
Title : Normative Islam Versus Local Tradition: Some Observations on Female Circumcision with Special Reference to Egypt [modern day and medieval practices and beliefs].

Source: Arabica , 44., 2 (avril 1997): Pages 254 - 267.
Year of Publication: 1997.

233. Record Number: 2538
Author(s): Papadatou, Daphne.
Contributor(s):
Title : Divorce by Mutual Consent and Its Customary Application in Byzantium

Source: Byzantinoslavica , 58., 2 ( 1997): Pages 269 - 273.
Year of Publication: 1997.

234. Record Number: 2736
Author(s): Rivers, Theodore John.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Legal Status of Widows in Late Anglo-Saxon England [argues that widows at this time had exceptional opportunities under the protection of the king and lords; the author argues that the power of kin over widows was diminished based in part on the examples of widows' inheritance of bookland].

Source: Medievalia Et Humanistica New Series , 24., ( 1997): Pages 1 - 16.
Year of Publication: 1997.

235. Record Number: 3152
Author(s): Viscuso, Patrick.
Contributor(s):
Title : Sexual Intercourse and the Priesthood: Late Byzantine Views on Marriage and Ordination

Source: Byzantine Studies Conference. Abstracts of Papers , 23., ( 1997): Pages 67
Year of Publication: 1997.

236. Record Number: 3297
Author(s): Hehl, Ernst-Dieter.
Contributor(s):
Title : Maria und das ottonisch-salische Königtum: Urkunden, Liturgie, Bilder

Source: Historisches Jahrbuch , 117., 2 ( 1997): Pages 52 - 64.
Year of Publication: 1997.

237. Record Number: 3301
Author(s): Goez, Werner.
Contributor(s):
Title : Über die Mathildischen Schenkungen an die Römische Kirche

Source: Frühmittelalterliche Studien , 31., ( 1997): Pages 158 - 196.
Year of Publication: 1997.

238. Record Number: 4431
Author(s): Murray, Jacqueline.
Contributor(s):
Title : Men's Bodies, Men's Minds: Seminal Emissions and Sexual Anxiety in the Middle Ages [The author surveys theological and pastoral writings on men's emissions from Augustine through Jean Gerson. In the thirteenth century these practices came to be judged more harshly and were associated with masturbation as sins of lust. At the same time e

Source: Annual Review of Sex Research , 8., ( 1997): Pages 1 - 26.
Year of Publication: 1997.

239. Record Number: 5000
Author(s): Medici, Maria Teresa Guerra.
Contributor(s):
Title : Sulla giurisdizione temporale e spirituale della abbadessa First recorded in the West in the sixth century, abbesses had considerable power over their nuns and over any estates owned by the monastery. Beginning with the time of Charlemagne, legislators tried to prohibit abbesses from performing certain ritual acts, like vesting their new nuns, prohibitions that entered the canon law. Gregory IX did concede an abbess the power to censure critics who disobeyed them. Canonists described this as a customary power, involving a command to ordained clergy to censure the disobedient. Baldus de Ubaldus and other jurists defended the immunity of abbesses from imprisonment because of the debts of their monasteries].

Source: Il monachesimo femminile in Italia dall' Alto Medioevo al secolo XVII a confronto con l' oggi. Edited by Gabriella Zarri . San Pietro in Cariano: Il Segno dei Gabrielli editori, 1997. Annual Review of Sex Research , 8., ( 1997): Pages 75 - 86.
Year of Publication: 1997.

240. Record Number: 6293
Author(s): Affeldt, Werner.
Contributor(s):
Title : Frauen und Geschlechterbeziehungen im Frühmittelalter. Ein Forschungsbericht

Source: Mediaevistik , 10., ( 1997): Pages 15 - 156.
Year of Publication: 1997.

241. Record Number: 1996
Author(s): Allen, Elizabeth.
Contributor(s):
Title : Chaucer Answers Gower: Constance and the Trouble with Reading [the Man of Law's reactions to the incest theme in Gower's "Confessio Amantis"].

Source: ELH: A Journal of English Literary History (Full Text via Project Muse) 64, 3 (Autumn 1997): 627-655. Link Info
Year of Publication: 1997.

242. Record Number: 2326
Author(s): Cosandey, Fanny.
Contributor(s):
Title : De lance en quenouille. La place de la reine dans l'État moderne (14e- 17e siècles)

Source: Annales : Histoire, Sciences Sociales , 52., 4 (juillet-août 1997): Pages 799 - 820.
Year of Publication: 1997.

243. Record Number: 20981
Author(s): Reed, Teresa P
Contributor(s):
Title : Shadows of the Law: Chaucer's "Man of Law's Tale," Exemplarity and Narrativity

Source: Mediaevalia , 21., 2 ( 1997): Pages 231 - 248.
Year of Publication: 1997.

244. Record Number: 2324
Author(s): Smail, Daniel Lord.
Contributor(s):
Title : Démanteler le patrimoine. Les femmes et les biens dans la Marseille médiévale

Source: Annales : Histoire, Sciences Sociales , 52., 2 (mars-avril 1997): Pages 343 - 368.
Year of Publication: 1997.

245. Record Number: 6325
Author(s): von Hülsen-Esch, Andrea.
Contributor(s):
Title : Frauen an der Universität? Überlegungen anlässlich einer Gegenüberstellung von mittelalterlichen Bildzeugnissen und Texten

Source: Zeitschrift für Historische Forschung , 24., 3 ( 1997): Pages 315 - 346.
Year of Publication: 1997.

246. Record Number: 2460
Author(s): Thomas, Susanne Sara.
Contributor(s):
Title : What the Man of Law Can't Say: The Buried Legal Argument of the Wife of Bath's "Prologue" [argues that the poem comments on the struggle over law among king, parliament, bureaucrats, and peasants; it supports the legal authority of the oral over the written].

Source: Chaucer Review , 31., 3 ( 1997): Pages 256 - 271.
Year of Publication: 1997.

247. Record Number: 1968
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Chaucer's "St. Anne Trinity" : Devotion, Dynasty, Dogma, and Debate [cults and literary allusions toSaint Anne, her daughter, the Virgin Mary, and her grandson, Jesus Christ ; the author relates them to religious and social issues including the debate over the Immaculate Conception, the sanctity and worth of marriage, and the new model of the mother as saint].

Source: Studies in Philology , 94., 4 (Fall 1997): Pages 395 - 416.
Year of Publication: 1997.

248. Record Number: 2387
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Marriage and Mutiliation: Vendetta in Late Medieval Italy [analysis of the events that triggered a vendetta, among which was the dishonor of having one's intended bride given to another].

Source: Past and Present (Full Text via JSTOR) 157 (November 1997): 3-36. Link Info
Year of Publication: 1997.

249. Record Number: 2003
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Review Essay: Family and Law in Late Medieval and Renaissance Florence [three recent books by Molho, Stern, and Trexler].

Source: Historian , 59., 2 (Winter 1997): Pages 406 - 410.
Year of Publication: 1997.

250. Record Number: 2706
Author(s): Harding, Wendy.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Dynamics of Law in the "Clerk's Tale" [examines three relationships which embody the law: the interaction between lord and people, between husband and wife, and between God and believer].

Source: Chaucer Yearbook , 4., ( 1997): Pages 45 - 59.
Year of Publication: 1997.

251. Record Number: 2747
Author(s): Pedersen, Frederik.
Contributor(s):
Title : The York Cause Papers: A Reply to Jeremy Goldberg [reply by Frederik Pedersen to P.J.P. Goldberg's critique of Pedersen's earlier article on the York cause papers; he continues to argue that the data from the cause papers must be interpreted with great care].

Source: Continuity and Change , 12., 3 (December 1997): Pages 447 - 455.
Year of Publication: 1997.

252. Record Number: 3999
Author(s): Kelly, Henry Ansgar.
Contributor(s):
Title : Statutes of Rapes and Alleged Ravishers of Wives: A Context for the Charges Against Thomas Malory, Knight

Source: Viator , 28., ( 1997): Pages 361 - 419. Later published in Inquisitions and Other Trial Procedures in the Medieval West. Ashgate Variorum, 2001
Year of Publication: 1997.

253. Record Number: 1934
Author(s): Lansing, Carol.
Contributor(s):
Title : Gender and Civic Authority: Sexual Control in a Medieval Italian Town

Source: Journal of Social History , 31., 1 (Fall 1997): Pages 33 - 59.
Year of Publication: 1997.

254. Record Number: 1378
Author(s): Zago, Esther.
Contributor(s):
Title : Women, Medicine, and the Law in Boccaccio's "Decameron" [differences in the therapy available to women and men who are victims of lovesickness].

Source: Women Healers and Physicians: Climbing a Long Hill. Edited by Lilian R. Furst . University Press of Kentucky, 1997. Journal of Social History , 31., 1 (Fall 1997): Pages 64 - 78.
Year of Publication: 1997.

255. Record Number: 2361
Author(s): Hough, Carole.
Contributor(s):
Title : Aelfred's "Domboc" and the Language of Rape: A Reconsideration of Alfred Ch. 11 [argues that women were entitled to receive compensation in their own right for sexual assaults and thus enjoyed a degree of legal autonomy].

Source: Medium Aevum , 66., 1 ( 1997): Pages 1 - 27.
Year of Publication: 1997.

256. Record Number: 2733
Author(s): Hough, Carole.
Contributor(s):
Title : A New Reading of Alfred, ch. 26 [it concerns compensation for the rape of underage girls which the author suggests was the same as that owed for raping women who were past child-bearing age].

Source: Nottingham Medieval Studies , 4., ( 1997): Pages 1 - 12.
Year of Publication: 1997.

257. Record Number: 2506
Author(s): McLaughlin, Megan.
Contributor(s):
Title : Abominable Mingling: Father-Daughter Incest and the Law

Source: Medieval Feminist Newsletter , 24., (Fall 1997): Pages 26 - 30.
Year of Publication: 1997.

258. Record Number: 2318
Author(s): Puff, Helmut.
Contributor(s):
Title : Localizing Sodomy: the "Priest and Sodomite" in Pre-Reformation Germany and Switzerland [case studies of two priests accused of sodomy; conflict ensued between secular authorities who favored public, harsh punishments and Church authorities who were more lenient and wanted the cases kept secret].

Source: Journal of the History of Sexuality , 8., 2 (October 1997): Pages 165 - 195.
Year of Publication: 1997.

259. Record Number: 408
Author(s): Fadel, Mohammad.
Contributor(s):
Title : Two Women, One Man : Knowledge, Power, and Gender in Medieval Sunni Legal Thought [analysis of women's varied roles in the "production, reproduction, and application" of law as reflected both in exegesis and jurisprudence].

Source: International Journal of Middle East Studies (Full Text via JSTOR) 29, 2 (May 1997): 185-204. Link Info
Year of Publication: 1997.

260. Record Number: 3347
Author(s): O'Loughlin, Thomas.
Contributor(s):
Title : Marriage and Sexuality in the "Hibernensis"

Source: Peritia: Journal of the Medieval Academy of Ireland , 11., ( 1997): Pages 188 - 206.
Year of Publication: 1997.

261. Record Number: 2136
Author(s): Shatzmiller, Maya.
Contributor(s):
Title : Women and Wage Labour in the Medieval Islamic West: Legal Issues in an Economic Context

Source: Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient , 40., 2 (May 1997): Pages 174 - 206.
Year of Publication: 1997.

262. Record Number: 2746
Author(s): Goldberg, P.J.P.
Contributor(s):
Title : Debate: Fiction in the Archive: the York Cause Papers as a Source for Later Medieval Social History [Goldberg critiques Frederik Pedersen's recent article "Demography in the Archives: Social and Geographical Gactors in fourteenth-century York Cause Paper Marriage Litigation;" he argues against Pedersen's social groupings of litigants and witnesses as well as for the significance and value of the demographic and social evidence contained in the York cause papers].

Source: Continuity and Change , 12., 3 (December 1997): Pages 425 - 445.
Year of Publication: 1997.

263. Record Number: 666
Author(s): Jaski, Bart.
Contributor(s):
Title : Marriage Laws in Ireland and on the Continent in the Early Middle Ages

Source: The Fragility of Her Sex?: Medieval Irishwomen in Their European Context. Edited by Christine Meek and Katherine Simms . Four Courts Press, 1996. Journal of Family History , 21., 3 (July 1996): Pages 16 - 42.
Year of Publication: 1996.

264. Record Number: 670
Author(s): Ó' Cleirigh, Cormac.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Absentee Landlady and the Sturdy Robbers: Agnes de Valence [Agnes de Valence's inheritance of her Irish husband's estates prompted a fifteen year struggle with John fitzThomas. He succeeded through theft, intimidation, and perserverance].

265. Record Number: 823
Author(s): Bestor, Jane Fair.
Contributor(s):
Title : Bastardy and Legitimacy in the Formation of a Regional State in Italy: The Estense Succession

Source: Comparative Studies in Society and History (Full Text via JSTOR) 38, 3 (July 1996): 549-585. Link Info
Year of Publication: 1996.

266. Record Number: 892
Author(s): Finch, A.J.
Contributor(s):
Title : Sexual Relations and Marriage in Later Medieval Normandy [ecclesiastical courts regulated courtship and sexual relationships, imposing marriage or fines on couples found guilty of fornication, cohabitation, or where the woman was judged a concubine].

Source: Journal of Ecclesiastical History , 47., 2 (Apr. 1996): Pages 236 - 256.
Year of Publication: 1996.

267. Record Number: 1088
Author(s): Finch, Andrew.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Disciplining of the Laity in Late Medieval Normandy [counters Muchembled's argument that late medieval Church authorities exercised little control over lay behavior; the Cerisy register shows a determined effort to regulate sexual and marital behavior].

Source: French History , 10., 2 (June 1996): Pages 163 - 181.
Year of Publication: 1996.

268. Record Number: 1742
Author(s): Brand, Charles M.
Contributor(s):
Title : Slave Women in the Legislation of Alexius I [discussion of two decrees issued in 1095 regarding slaves; the first declares that slaves born of free parents were to be freed, while the second affirms the right of slaves to marriage with the blessing of the church].

Source: Byzantinische Forschungen , 23., ( 1996): Pages 19 - 24. Revised papers that were originally read at the session entitled "Komnenian Culture" at the Twentieth Annual Byzantine Studies Conference, Ann Arbor, Michigan, on September 21, 1994
Year of Publication: 1996.

269. Record Number: 1755
Author(s): Gourlay, Kristi.
Contributor(s):
Title : Roses and Thorns: The Prosecution of Rape in the Middle Ages

Source: Medieval Life , 5., (Summer 1996): Pages 29 - 31.
Year of Publication: 1996.

270. Record Number: 2283
Author(s): Viscuso, Patrick D.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Prohibition of Second Marriage for Women Married to Priests

Source: Byzantine Studies Conference. Abstracts of Papers , 22., ( 1996): Pages 71
Year of Publication: 1996.

271. Record Number: 2774
Author(s): Rath, Brigitte.
Contributor(s):
Title : ... und wolt das Schwert durch in stossen. Zur physischen Gewalt in Südtirol um 1500

Source: Homme: Zeitschrift für feministische Geschichtswissenschaft , 7., 2 ( 1996): Pages 56 - 69.
Year of Publication: 1996.

272. Record Number: 2847
Author(s): Tsirpanlis, Constantine N.
Contributor(s):
Title : Marriage, Family Values and "Ecumenical Vision" in the Legislation of Justinian the Great (527-565) [brief analyses of provisions in Justinian's "Institutes," the "Digest," and the "Novels"].

Source: Patristic and Byzantine Review , 15., ( 1996): Pages 59 - 69.
Year of Publication: 1996.

273. Record Number: 703
Author(s): Nederman, Cary J. and Jacqui True
Contributor(s):
Title : The Third Sex: The Idea of the Hermaphrodite in Twelfth- Century Europe [examines evidence from medical and legal texts as well as the writings of John of Salisbury, Bernard Sylvestris, and Alan of Lille].

Source: Journal of the History of Sexuality , 6., 4 (April 1996): Pages 497 - 517.
Year of Publication: 1996.

274. Record Number: 7448
Author(s): Chabot, Isabelle.
Contributor(s):
Title : Risorse e diritti patrimoniali [The Black Death (1348) frequently put wealth into the hands of women by killing off male heirs. Subsequent efforts to limit a daughter's property to her dowry was counterbalanced by inheritance through wills. Roman law gave women an equal claim on an inheritance, but Italian statutes severely limited that right. The cities also were slow to let women inherit where any male heirs existed. Birth families often struggled with husbands over control of the daughter's dowry and had to claim restitution if the husband predeceased the wife. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Il Lavoro delle donne. Edited by Angela Groppi . Storia delle donne in Italia. Editori Laterza, 1996. Patristic and Byzantine Review , 15., ( 1996): Pages 47 - 70.
Year of Publication: 1996.

275. Record Number: 745
Author(s): Kreutz, Barbara M.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Twilight of "Morgengabe" [dowries and inheritance of women under Lombard law contrasted with those in Amalfi where Roman law was practiced ].

Source: Portraits of Medieval and Renaissance Living: Essays in Honor of David Herlihy. Edited by Samual K. Cohn, Jr. and Steven A. Epstein . University of Michigan Press, 1996. Journal of the History of Sexuality , 6., 4 (April 1996): Pages 131 - 147.
Year of Publication: 1996.

276. Record Number: 546
Author(s): Kuehn, Thomas.
Contributor(s):
Title : Understanding Gender Inequality in Renaissance Florence: Personhood and Gifts of Maternal Inheritance by Women

Source: Journal of Women's History , 8., 2 (Summer 1996): Pages 58 - 80.
Year of Publication: 1996.

277. Record Number: 2770
Author(s): Schäfer, Daniel.
Contributor(s):
Title : Embryulkie zwishen Mythos, Recht und Medizin: Zur Überlieferungsgeschichte von Sectio in mortua und Embryotomie in Spätantike und Mittelalter

Source: Medizinhistorisches Journal , 31., 40241 ( 1996): Pages 275 - 297.
Year of Publication: 1996.

278. Record Number: 911
Author(s): Howell, Martha C.
Contributor(s):
Title : Fixing Movables: Gifts by Testament in Late Medieval Douai [The personal goods that women bequeathed to family, friends, and the poor carried social meaning and economic value].

Source: Past and Present (Full Text via JSTOR) 150 (Feb. 1996): 3-45. Link Info
Year of Publication: 1996.

279. Record Number: 2030
Author(s): Berkey, Jonathan P.
Contributor(s):
Title : Circumcision Circumscribed: Female Excision and Cultural Accommodation in the Medieval Near East

Source: International Journal of Middle East Studies (Full Text via JSTOR) 28, 1 (February 1996): 19-38. Link Info
Year of Publication: 1996.

280. Record Number: 2769
Author(s): Goetz, Hans-Werner.
Contributor(s):
Title : Nomen feminile: Namen und Namengebung der Frauen im frühen Mittelalter

Source: Francia , 23., 1 ( 1996): Pages 99 - 134.
Year of Publication: 1996.

281. Record Number: 2280
Author(s): Sivan, Hagith.
Contributor(s):
Title : Forbidden Unions in the Early Byzantine Empire: A Prosopographical Evaluation [Early Byzantine laws prohibited marriage with barbarians and with Jews. The author considers specific cases of marriages in order to discover actual social practices. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Byzantine Studies Conference. Abstracts of Papers , 22., ( 1996): Pages 49
Year of Publication: 1996.

282. Record Number: 13837
Author(s): Karras, Ruth Mazo.
Contributor(s):
Title : Two Models, Two Standards: Moral Teaching and Sexual Mores [The author examines lay beliefs about sexual behavior in contrast to Church teaching. As evidence Karras analyzes the devotional text, "Dives and Pauper," and ecclesiastical court records. She finds instances of a double standard with women expected to be chaste while men had sex outside of marriage with the fault frequently lodged against the women who had "tempted" the men into sin. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Bodies and Disciplines: Intersections of Literature and History in Fifteenth-Century England. Edited by Barbara A. Hanawalt and David Wallace . Medieval Cultures series, 9. University of Minnesota Press, 1996. Byzantine Studies Conference. Abstracts of Papers , 22., ( 1996): Pages 123 - 138.
Year of Publication: 1996.

283. Record Number: 1430
Author(s): Jochens, Jenny.
Contributor(s):
Title : Old Norse Sexuality: Men, Women, and Beasts

Source: Handbook of Medieval Sexuality. Edited by Vern L. Bullough and James A. Brundage . Garland Reference Library of the Humanities vol. 1696. Garland Publishing, 1996. Byzantine Studies Conference. Abstracts of Papers , 22., ( 1996): Pages 369 - 400.
Year of Publication: 1996.

284. Record Number: 3588
Author(s): Jochens, Jenny.
Contributor(s):
Title : Old Norse Motherhood

Source: Medieval Mothering. Edited by John Carmi Parsons and Bonnie Wheeler . Garland Publishing, 1996. Byzantine Studies Conference. Abstracts of Papers , 22., ( 1996): Pages 201 - 222.
Year of Publication: 1996.

285. Record Number: 1168
Author(s): Nors, Thyra.
Contributor(s):
Title : Illegitimate Children and Their High-Born Mothers: Changes in the Perception of Legitimacy in Mediaeval Denmark [distinctions made between children born from arranged concubinage, secret liaisons, and relations between freemen and bondswomen; the Church censured illegitimacy, causing a steep decline in status].

Source: Scandinavian Journal of History , 21., 1 ( 1996): Pages 17 - 37.
Year of Publication: 1996.

286. Record Number: 626
Author(s): Boone, Marc.
Contributor(s):
Title : State Power and Illicit Sexuality: The Persecution of Sodomy in Late Medieval Bruges

Source: Journal of Medieval History , 22., 2 (June 1996): Pages 135 - 153.
Year of Publication: 1996.

287. Record Number: 1620
Author(s): Brundage, James A.
Contributor(s):
Title : Playing by the Rules: Sexual behaviour and Legal Norms in Medieval Europe [ways in which ecclesiastical courts judged and punished sexual crimes].

Source: Desire and Discipline: Sex and Sexuality in the Premodern West. Edited by Jacqueline Murray and Konrad Eisenbichler . University of Toronto Press, 1996. Journal of Medieval History , 22., 2 (June 1996): Pages 23 - 41.
Year of Publication: 1996.

288. Record Number: 1415
Author(s): Brundage, James A.
Contributor(s):
Title : Sex and Canon Law [canon law defined the norms of permissible sexual activity very strictly; clerical concubines, adultery, sodomy, and all kinds of sexual pleasure were prohibited].

Source: Handbook of Medieval Sexuality. Edited by Vern L. Bullough and James A. Brundage . Garland Reference Library of the Humanities vol. 1696. Garland Publishing, 1996. Journal of Medieval History , 22., 2 (June 1996): Pages 33 - 50.
Year of Publication: 1996.

289. Record Number: 1621
Author(s): Gonz‡lez-Casanovas, Roberto J.
Contributor(s):
Title : Gender Models in Alfonso X's 'Siete partidas': The Sexual Politics of 'Nature' and 'Society' [this interpretation based on historicist theories looks at the "Siete Partidas" as a literary creation and a social utopia].

290. Record Number: 705
Author(s): Gilmour- Bryson, Anne.
Contributor(s):
Title : Sodomy and the Knights Templar [examines the testimony of Templars recorded during Inquisition trials].

Source: Journal of the History of Sexuality , 7., 2 (Oct. 1996): Pages 151 - 183.
Year of Publication: 1996.

291. Record Number: 1583
Author(s): Schibanoff, Susan.
Contributor(s):
Title : Worlds Apart: Orientalism, Antifeminism, and Heresy in Chaucer's "Man of Law's Tale" [heresy includes both Islam and the Lollard movement which is mentioned in the "Epilogue" to the "Man of Law's Tale"].

Source: Exemplaria: A Journal of Theory in Medieval and Renaissance Studies , 8., 1 (Spring 1996): Pages 59 - 96.
Year of Publication: 1996.

292. Record Number: 2433
Author(s): Skinner, Patricia.
Contributor(s):
Title : Disputes and Disparity: Women at Court in Medieval Southern Italy [differences in women's access to justice in Byzantine southern Italy and the Lombard areas; the author suggests that some women turned their legal limitations to their own advantage].

Source: Reading Medieval Studies , 22., ( 1996): Pages 85 - 105.
Year of Publication: 1996.

293. Record Number: 976
Author(s): Hawkes, Emma.
Contributor(s):
Title : Bibliography of Legal Records Related to Rape and Ravishment in Medieval England

Source: Medieval Feminist Newsletter , 21., (Spring 1996): Pages 15 - 18.
Year of Publication: 1996.

294. Record Number: 725
Author(s): Shatzmiller, Maya.
Contributor(s):
Title : Marriage, Family, and the Faith: Women's Conversion to Islam [legal aspects of women's conversion as well as the cultural and emotional factors].

Source: Journal of Family History , 21., 3 (July 1996): Pages 235 - 266.
Year of Publication: 1996.

295. Record Number: 55
Author(s): Fowler, Elizabeth.
Contributor(s):
Title : Civil Death and the Maiden: Agency and the Conditions of Contract in Piers Plowman

Source: Speculum (Full Text via JSTOR) 70 (1995): 760-792. Link Info
Year of Publication: 1995.

296. Record Number: 3
Author(s): Brundage, James A.
Contributor(s):
Title : Merry Widow's Serious Sister: Remarriage in Classical Canon Law

Source: Matrons and Marginal Women in Medieval Society. Edited by Robert R. Edwards and Vickie Ziegler . Boydell Press, 1995. Pages 33 - 48.
Year of Publication: 1995.

297. Record Number: 5
Author(s): Clover, Carol J.
Contributor(s):
Title : Maiden Warriors and Other Sons

Source: Matrons and Marginal Women in Medieval Society. Edited by Robert R. Edwards and Vickie Ziegler . Boydell Press, 1995. Pages 75 - 87. Originally published in Journal of English and Germanic Philology (1986): 35-49
Year of Publication: 1995.

298. Record Number: 446
Author(s): McCartney, Elizabeth.
Contributor(s):
Title : Ceremonies and Privileges of Office: Queenship in Late Medieval France [Anne of Brittany's coronations and powers].

Source: Power of the Weak: Studies on Medieval Women. A selection of a papers presented at the annual conference of the Centre for Medieval Studies, University of Toronto, Feb. 1990. Edited by Jennifer Carpenter and Sally- Beth MacLean . University of Illinois Press, 1995. Pages 178 - 219.
Year of Publication: 1995.

299. Record Number: 511
Author(s): Hammer, Carl I.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Handmaid's Tale: Morganatic Relationships in Early- mediaeval Bavaria [evidence from law codes and deeds].

Source: Continuity and Change , 10., 3 (Dec. 1995): Pages 345 - 368.
Year of Publication: 1995.

300. Record Number: 1004
Author(s): To Figueras, Lluís.
Contributor(s):
Title : Les Femmes dans la société catalane des lXe-XIe siècles

Source: La Femme dans l' histoire et la société méridionales (IXe-XIXe S.): Actes du 66e congrés. . Fédération historique du Languedoc méditerranéen et du Roussillon, 1995. Continuity and Change , 10., 3 (Dec. 1995): Pages 51 - 65.
Year of Publication: 1995.

301. Record Number: 1737
Author(s): Burns, E. Jane.
Contributor(s):
Title : How Lovers Lie Together: Infidelity and Fictive Discourse in the "Roman de Tristan"

Source: Tristan and Isolde: A Casebook. Edited by Joan Tasker Grimbert . Garland Publishing, 1995. Continuity and Change , 10., 3 (Dec. 1995): Pages 75 - 93. Reprinted from Tristania 8, 2 (Spring 1983): 15-30.
Year of Publication: 1995.

302. Record Number: 2765
Author(s): Goez, Elke.
Contributor(s):
Title : Die Markgrafen von Canossa und die Klöster

Source: Deutsches Archiv , 51., ( 1995): Pages 83 - 114.
Year of Publication: 1995.

303. Record Number: 3728
Author(s): Herlihy, David.
Contributor(s):
Title : Women and the Sources of Medieval History: The Towns of Northern Italy [analysis of women's roles in primary sources including prescriptive literature, administrative records, account books, memoirs, correspondence, chronicles, biographies, and imaginative literature. The article was originally published in Medieval Women and the Sources of Medieval History. Edited by Joel Rosenthal. University of Georgia Press, 1990. Pages 133-154.].

Source: Women, Family, and Society in Medieval Europe: Historical Essays, 1978-1991. Edited by David Herlihy . Berghahn Books, 1995. Deutsches Archiv , 51., ( 1995): Pages 13 - 32.
Year of Publication: 1995.

304. Record Number: 3732
Author(s): Herlihy, David.
Contributor(s):
Title : Making Sense of Incest: Women and the Marriage Rule of the Early Middle Ages [the Church prohibited marriages between people related up to the seventh degree as well as non-kin relationships; the author suggests that the Church's aims were to give fairer access to women, reduce levels of violence, and ensure harmony in the household. The article was originally published in Law, Custom, and the Social Fabric in Medieval Europe. Essays in Honor of Bryce Lyon. Edited by Bernard S. Bachrach and David Nicholas. Studies in Medieval Culture, 28, 1990. 1-16. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Women, Family, and Society in Medieval Europe: Historical Essays, 1978-1991. Edited by David Herlihy . Berghahn Books, 1995. Deutsches Archiv , 51., ( 1995): Pages 96 - 109. The article was originally published in Law, Custom, and the Social Fabric in Medieval Europe. Essays in Honor of Bryce Lyon. Edited by Bernard S. Bachrach and David Nicholas. Studies in Medieval Culture, 28, 1990. 1-16.
Year of Publication: 1995.

305. Record Number: 6011
Author(s): Meek, Christine.
Contributor(s):
Title : La donna, la famiglia, e la legge nell'epoca di Ilaria del Carretto [the limits imposed on Italian women were imposed in Lucca as they were elsewhere; law and practice, however, could differ, often to the women's advantage; women can be found bringing suits claiming that they had been coerced by their families into marriages to which they had not consented; wives of insolvent husbands can be found petitioning for restitution of their dowries; widows can be found serving as guardians of their minor children without the advice or consent of their late husbands' kin].

Source: Ilaria del Carretto e il suo monumento: la donna nell'arte, la cultura, e la società del '400. Atti del convegno Internazionale di Studi, 15-16-17 Settembre, 1994, Palazzo Ducale, Lucca. Edited by Stéphane Toussaint. Translated by Clotilde Soave Bowe. . Edizioni S. Marco Litotipo, 1995. Deutsches Archiv , 51., ( 1995): Pages 137 - 163.
Year of Publication: 1995.

306. Record Number: 6682
Author(s): Saunders, Corinne J.
Contributor(s):
Title : Woman Displaced: Rape and Romance in Chaucer's "Wife of Bath's Tale" ["Thus, the 'Wife of Bath's Tale' achieves two ends simultaneously. It explores minutely the problem of rape as a crime and the legal confusion over its status, referring to changing views of rape and the legal displacement of women, to the desire of women for action against rape, and to the possibility of the education of men regarding the need for equality in relationships yet at the same time, the tale affirms patriarchal values, inserting the woman within these structures and sustaining a traditional insistence on the action of rape as an element of romance: we hear no more of the victim, the knight is punished, but finally rewarded through otherworldly adventure, and the ideal of the young, beautiful and obedient wife is upheld." (page 131)].

Source: Arthurian Literature , 13., ( 1995): Pages 115 - 131.
Year of Publication: 1995.

307. Record Number: 6754
Author(s): Hurst, Peter W.
Contributor(s):
Title : On the Interplay of Learned and Popular Elements in the "De Phyllide et Flora" (Carm. Bur. 92) [the author examines the Latin debate poem between Phyllis and Flora who argue the merits of the priest versus the knight as lovers; the poem has a number of folklore elements including the Fairy Rade or wild hunt and the other world; the poem also has learned borrowings from the "De nuptiis" of Martianus Capella and references to the intellectual concerns of the day].

Source: Mittellateinisches Jahrbuch , 30., 2 ( 1995): Pages 47 - 59.
Year of Publication: 1995.

308. Record Number: 16756
Author(s): Bianco, Marinella
Contributor(s):
Title : Le classificazioni femminili nella mentalitá medievale (sec. XII-XVI) [Legal texts can cast light on medieval attempts to impose classifications on women. Local laws in Piedmont distinguished between adultery and non-marital sex, as well as between consensual and non-consensual relations. Laws in Piedmont dealt not just with the classification of sexual offenses but with issues of familial honor. Other categorizations were constructed, but Piedmontese laws looked at how a woman fit into social structures. Title note supplied by Feminae.]

Source: Nuova Rivista Storica , 79., 2 ( 1995): Pages 261 - 274.
Year of Publication: 1995.

309. Record Number: 195
Author(s): Poos, L. R.
Contributor(s):
Title : Sex, Lies, and the Church Courts of Pre-Reformation England [gender in defamation cases].

Source: Journal of Interdisciplinary History (Full Text via JSTOR) 25, 4 (Spring 1995): 585-607. Link Info
Year of Publication: 1995.

310. Record Number: 438
Author(s): Howell, Martha.
Contributor(s):
Title : Rewriting Marriage in Late Medieval Douai [from emphasis on the conjugal pair to the interests of the next generation].

Source: Romanic Review , 86., 2 (March 1995): Pages 307 - 337. Special issue: The Production of Knowledge: Institutionalizing Sex, Gender, and Sexualiity in Medieval Discourse. Ed. by Kathryn Gravdal.
Year of Publication: 1995.

311. Record Number: 2525
Author(s): Gravdal, Kathryn.
Contributor(s):
Title : Confessing Incests: Legal Erasures and Literary Celebrations in Medieval France [a study of the narrative structures related to gender in six old French incest stories: "Dit de la bourgeoise de Rome," "Dit du boeuf," "Vie de Saint Grégoire," "La Manekine," "Roman du Comte d'Anjou," and "Belle Hélène de Constantinople"].

Source: Comparative Literature Studies , 32., 2 ( 1995): Pages 280 - 295.
Year of Publication: 1995.

312. Record Number: 1084
Author(s): Ní Dhonnchadha, Máirín
Contributor(s):
Title : The "Lex Innocentium": Adomnán's Law for Women, Clerics, and Youths, 697 A. D [Adomnán attempted to shield women, youth, and clerics from warfare and levied heavy penalties against those who injured or killed women].

Source: Chattel, Servant, or Citizen: Women's Status in Church, State, and Society. Edited by Mary O' Dowd and Sabine Wichert . Historical Studies 19. Papers Read Before the XXIst Irish Conference of Historians, Held at Queen's University of Belfast, 27-30 May 1993. Institute of Irish Studies, The Queen's University of Belfast, 1995. Comparative Literature Studies , 32., 2 ( 1995): Pages 58 - 69.
Year of Publication: 1995.

313. Record Number: 1359
Author(s): Roberts, Anna.
Contributor(s):
Title : Mary's Obedience and Power in the "Trial of Mary and Joseph"

Source: Comparative Drama , 29., 3 (Fall 1995): Pages 348 - 362.
Year of Publication: 1995.

314. Record Number: 407
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Saints, Wives, and Other "Hooly Thynges": Pious Laywomen in Middle English Romance

Source: Chaucer Yearbook , 2., ( 1995): Pages 137 - 154. Ed. by Jean Host and Michael N. Salda. D.S. Brewer
Year of Publication: 1995.

315. Record Number: 791
Author(s): Bremmer, Rolf Hendrik,
Contributor(s):
Title : Widows in Anglo-Saxon England

Source: Between Poverty and the Pyre: Moments in the History of Widowhood. Edited by Jan Bremmer and Lourens van den Bosch . Routledge, 1995. Chaucer Yearbook , 2., ( 1995): Pages 58 - 88.
Year of Publication: 1995.

316. Record Number: 1086
Author(s): Meek, Christine.
Contributor(s):
Title : Women, the Church, and the Law: Matrimonial Litigation in Lucca Under Bishop Nicolao Guinigi (1394-1435)

Source: Chattel, Servant, or Citizen: Women's Status in Church, State, and Society. Edited by Mary O' Dowd and Sabine Wichert . Historical Studies 19. Papers Read Before the XXIst Irish Conference of Historians, Held at Queen's University of Belfast, 27-30 May 1993. Institute of Irish Studies, The Queen's University of Belfast, 1995. Chaucer Yearbook , 2., ( 1995): Pages 82 - 90.
Year of Publication: 1995.

317. Record Number: 3009
Author(s): Segura Graiño, Cristina.
Contributor(s):
Title : Participación de las Mujeres en el Poder Político

Source: Anuario de Estudios Medievales , 25., 2 ( 1995): Pages 449 - 462.
Year of Publication: 1995.

318. Record Number: 5036
Author(s): Mineo, E. Igor.
Contributor(s):
Title : Formazione delle élites urbane nella Sicilia del tardo medioevo: Matrimonio e sistemi di successione [Sicilian customs of inheritance recognized the rights of male and female kin and granted women wide property rights; by the fourteenth century the nobility favored the paternal line, but urban inheritances frequently followed customary norms; eventually the desire to conserve patrimony led to wider imitation of feudal practices, excluding daughters from inheriting; daughters were given dowries, and only sons could share in the family inheritance].

Source: Quaderni Storici , 1 (aprile 1995): Pages 9 - 41.
Year of Publication: 1995.

319. Record Number: 1353
Author(s): Corthals, Johan.
Contributor(s):
Title : Affiliation of Children: "Immathchor nAilella Ocus Airt"

Source: Peritia: Journal of the Medieval Academy of Ireland , 9., ( 1995): Pages 92 - 124.
Year of Publication: 1995.

320. Record Number: 1983
Author(s): Keil, Gundolf.
Contributor(s):
Title : Folter als Regeneration. Zur Logik von Hexerei im Mittelalter

Source: Mediaevistik , 8., ( 1995): Pages 75 - 124.
Year of Publication: 1995.

321. Record Number: 3008
Author(s): Graña Cid, Maria del Mar and Ángela Muõz Fernández
Contributor(s):
Title : Mujeres y no ciudadanía. La relación de las mujeres con los espacios públicos en el bajo medievo castellano

Source: Arenal: Revista de Historia de las Mujeres , 2., 1 (January-June 1995): Pages 41 - 52.
Year of Publication: 1995.

322. Record Number: 1009
Author(s): Falcón-Pérez, Maria Isabel.
Contributor(s):
Title : Le marriage en Aragon au XVe siècle [examines ecclesiastical court documents from Zaragoza in which marriages are contested by one spouse or the family of a spouse].

Source: La Femme dans l' histoire et la société méridionales (IXe-XIXe S.): Actes du 66e congrés. . Fédération historique du Languedoc méditerranéen et du Roussillon, 1995. Mediaevistik , 8., ( 1995): Pages 151 - 186.
Year of Publication: 1995.

323. Record Number: 391
Author(s): Chapoutot- Remadi, Mounira.
Contributor(s):
Title : Femmes dans la Ville Mamluke

Source: Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient , 38., 2 (May 1995): Pages 145 - 164.
Year of Publication: 1995.

324. Record Number: 1083
Author(s): Ó Corráin, Donnchadh.
Contributor(s):
Title : Women and the Law in Early Ireland

Source: Chattel, Servant, or Citizen: Women's Status in Church, State, and Society. Edited by Mary O' Dowd and Sabine Wichert . Historical Studies 19. Papers Read Before the XXIst Irish Conference of Historians, Held at Queen's University of Belfast, 27-30 May 1993. Institute of Irish Studies, The Queen's University of Belfast, 1995. Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient , 38., 2 (May 1995): Pages 45 - 57.
Year of Publication: 1995.

325. Record Number: 2571
Author(s): De Paor, Aoife.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Status of Women in Medieval Ireland

Source: University College Galway Women's Studies Centre Review , 3., ( 1995): Pages 69 - 79.
Year of Publication: 1995.

326. Record Number: 512
Author(s): Pedersen, Frederik.
Contributor(s):
Title : Demography in the Archives: Social and Geographical Factors in Fourteenth- Century York Cause Paper Marriage Litigation

Source: Continuity and Change , 10., 3 (Dec. 1995): Pages 405 - 436.
Year of Publication: 1995.

327. Record Number: 32
Author(s): Flint, Valerie I. J.
Contributor(s):
Title : Susanna and the Lothar Crystal: A Liturgical Perspective

Source: Early Medieval Europe , 4., 1 ( 1995): Pages 61 - 86.
Year of Publication: 1995.

328. Record Number: 63
Author(s): Bitel, Lisa M.
Contributor(s):
Title : Do Not Marry the Fat Short One: The Early Irish Wisdom on Women

Source: Journal of Women's History , 6., 4 (Winter/Spring 1995): Pages 137 - 159. (6, 4 / 7, 1)
Year of Publication: 1995.

329. Record Number: 266
Author(s): Betzig, Laura.
Contributor(s):
Title : Medieval Monogamy [polygynous mating and monogamous marriage - inheritance strategies and the influence of the Church].

Source: Journal of Family History , 20., 2 ( 1995): Pages 181 - 216.
Year of Publication: 1995.

330. Record Number: 449
Author(s): Shklar, Ruth.
Contributor(s):
Title : Cobham's Daughter: "The Book of Margery Kempe" and the Power of Heterodox Thinking

Source: MLQ: Modern Language Quarterly , 56., 3 (Sept. 1995): Pages 277 - 304.
Year of Publication: 1995.

331. Record Number: 20797
Author(s): Pallarés Méndez, Maria del Carmen
Contributor(s):
Title : Concienca y resistencia: la denuncia de la agresión masculina en la Galicia del siglo XV

Source: Arenal: Revista de Historia de las Mujeres , 2., 1 ( 1995): Pages 67 - 79.
Year of Publication: 1995.

332. Record Number: 633
Author(s): Harris, E. Kay.
Contributor(s):
Title : Evidence Against Lancelot and Guinevere in Malory's "Morte Darthur": Treason by Imagination [the fifteenth- century legal and political dimensions of the lovers' treason].

Source: Exemplaria: A Journal of Theory in Medieval and Renaissance Studies , 7., 1 (Spring 1995): Pages 179 - 208.
Year of Publication: 1995.

333. Record Number: 152
Author(s): Scala, Elizabeth.
Contributor(s):
Title : Canacee and the Chaucer Canon: Incest and Other Unnarratables

Source: Chaucer Review , 30., 1 ( 1995): Pages 15 - 39.
Year of Publication: 1995.

334. Record Number: 2767
Author(s): Pohl-Resl, Brigitte.
Contributor(s):
Title : Vorsorge, Memoria und soziales Ereignis: Frauen als Schenkerinnen in den bayerischen und alemannischen Urkunden des 8. und 9. Jahrhunderts

Source: Mitteilungen des Instituts für österreichische Geschichtsforschung , 103., 40241 ( 1995): Pages 265 - 287.
Year of Publication: 1995.

335. Record Number: 2058
Author(s): Pedersen, Frederik.
Contributor(s):
Title : Did the Medieval Laity Know the Canon Law Rules On Marriage? Some Evidence from Fourteenth-Century York Cause papers [analysis based on thirteen cases of disputed marriage in the York cause papers].

Source: Mediaeval Studies , 56., ( 1994): Pages 111 - 152.
Year of Publication: 1994.

336. Record Number: 2718
Author(s): Sabaté, Flocel.
Contributor(s):
Title : Femmes et violence dans la Catalogne du XIVe siècle

Source: Annales du Midi , 106., 207 (juillet-septembre 1994): Pages 277 - 316.
Year of Publication: 1994.

337. Record Number: 3298
Author(s): Weidemann, Margarethe.
Contributor(s):
Title : Urkunde und Vita der heiligen Bilhildis aus Mainz

Source: Francia , 21., 1 ( 1994): Pages 17 - 84.
Year of Publication: 1994.

338. Record Number: 3314
Author(s): Wettlaufer, Jørg.
Contributor(s):
Title : Jus primae noctis: historisch-anthropologische Überlegungen zum Verständnis eines "mittelalterlichen Feudalrechts"

Source: Francia , 21., 1 ( 1994): Pages 245 - 262.
Year of Publication: 1994.

339. Record Number: 3341
Author(s): Minkowski, William L.
Contributor(s):
Title : Physician Motives in Banning Medieval Traditional Healers [The author examines proceedings of the trial of Jacoba Felicie for evidence to support the University of Paris' claims that its laws regarding medical licensure were intended to promote public health].

Source: Women & Health , 21., 1 ( 1994): Pages 83 - 96.
Year of Publication: 1994.

340. Record Number: 6336
Author(s): Trauden, Dieter.
Contributor(s):
Title : Daz mandierdie recht nit prech: Die Bearbeitungen des Fastnachtspiels vom Rumpold und Mareth

Source: Amsterdamer Beiträge zur älteren Germanistik , ( 1994): Pages 349 - 375.
Year of Publication: 1994.

341. Record Number: 8540
Author(s): Jornet, Núria.
Contributor(s):
Title : La femme agressée et agresseur. Une analyse des procès criminels civils catalans du XIVe siècle

Source: La Femme pendant le Moyen Âge et l'époque moderne. Actes des Sixiémes Journées Anthropologiques de Valbonne 9-10-11 juin 1992. Edited by Luc Buchet Dossier de Documentation Archéologique, 17. CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre de Recherches Archéologiques) Éditions, 1994. Amsterdamer Beiträge zur älteren Germanistik , ( 1994): Pages 221 - 229.
Year of Publication: 1994.

342. Record Number: 4430
Author(s): Pelen, Marc M.
Contributor(s):
Title : Providence and Incest Reconsidered: Chaucer's Poetic Judgment of His Man of Law

Source: Papers on Language and Literature , 30., 2 (Spring 1994): Pages 132 - 156.
Year of Publication: 1994.

343. Record Number: 3562
Author(s): Baswell, Christopher.
Contributor(s):
Title : Men in the "Roman d'Eneas": The Construction of Empire [the author argues that the "Roman d'Eneas" is a controlled political and social work that confronts important issues in Angevin society including emergent manhood, patriarchal imperialism, and the limits of feminine power].

Source: Medieval Masculinities: Regarding Men in the Middle Ages. Edited by Clare A. Lees with the assistance of Thelma Fenster and Jo Ann McNamara Medieval Cultures, 7. University of Minnesota Press, 1994. Papers on Language and Literature , 30., 2 (Spring 1994): Pages 149 - 168.
Year of Publication: 1994.

344. Record Number: 3623
Author(s): Brand, Charles M.
Contributor(s):
Title : Slave Women in the Legislation of Alexius I

Source: Byzantine Studies Conference. Abstracts of Papers , 20., ( 1994): Pages 24 - 25.
Year of Publication: 1994.

345. Record Number: 16624
Author(s): Hughes, Diane Owen
Contributor(s):
Title : Mourning Rites, Memory, and Civilization in Premodern Italy [Diane Owen-Hughes argues that women's active role in mourning was a longstanding tradition of the Mediterranean and was frequently accomodated by Church officials. In late medieval Italy civic authorities acted to marginalize women's involvement by legislating their behavior, the kinds of mourning garb they could wear, and, in many cases, preventing even close female relatives from attending the funeral mass and burial. A male commemoration was given preference instead with men's funerary oratory and the new movement torward constructing elaborate tombs. Title note supplied by Feminae.]

Source: Riti e rituali nelle società medievali. Edited by Jacques Chiffoleau, Lauro Martines, and Agostino Paravicini Bagliani . Centro Italiano di Studi sull'Alto Medioevo, 1994. Amsterdamer Beiträge zur älteren Germanistik , ( 1994): Pages 23 - 38.
Year of Publication: 1994.

346. Record Number: 24350
Author(s): Laughton, Jane.
Contributor(s):
Title : Women in Court: Some Evidence from Fifteenth-Century Chester [The author analyzes records from two Chester courts, the Portmote headed by the mayor and the Pentice presided over by the two city sheriffs. Analysis of Pentice rolls for 1431-32, 1459-60, and 1489-90 show women involved in 21% of cases. For both courts, women appear in a variety of roles including plaintiffs, pledges, traders and producers (many of them legally independent as "femmes soles"), debtors, thieves, and brawlers. Title note supplied by Feminae.]

Source: Harlaxton Medieval Studies , 4., ( 1994): Pages 89 - 99. Issue title: England in the Fifteenth Century: Proceedings of the 1992 Harlaxton Symposium
Year of Publication: 1994.

347. Record Number: 5301
Author(s): Chabot, Isabelle.
Contributor(s):
Title : La Sposa in Nero. La Ritualizzazione del Lutto delle Vedove Fiorentine (Secoli XIV-XV) [the Italian dowry system gave the husband temporary control of additional property, but his death deprived his paternal kin group of that property ; Florentine marriage ceremonies emphasized an exchange of gifts, but these rituals did not always include permanent transfer of the objects given; a new widow was dressed in mourning by her husband's family to display family solidarity, but any effort to leave the home or remarry was resisted, partly because property would pass out of the family's control; a marriageable widow might be returned to her birth family in a procession mirroring the earlier one to her husband's house on her wedding day; a long-term trend, however, saw the husband's family gain a greater share of the goods the wife had brought to the marriage].

Source: Quaderni Storici , 2 (agosto 1994): Pages 421 - 462.
Year of Publication: 1994.

348. Record Number: 2057
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : The Spousal Relationship: Marital Society and Sexuality in the Letters of Pope Innocent III

Source: Mediaeval Studies , 56., ( 1994): Pages 89 - 109.
Year of Publication: 1994.

349. Record Number: 1306
Author(s): Finch, Andrew John.
Contributor(s):
Title : Sexual Morality and Canon Law: The Evidence of the Rochester Consistory Court [the Church court imposed public penance, including public beatings, for fornication, adultery, and incest].

Source: Journal of Medieval History , 20., 3 (September 1994): Pages 261 - 275.
Year of Publication: 1994.

350. Record Number: 4226
Author(s): Bowers, John M.
Contributor(s):
Title : Ordeals, Privacy, and the "Lais" of Marie de France [The author argues for a transition from ordeals to more efficient means of investigating people's lives including torture and juries].

Source: Journal of Medieval and Renaissance Studies , 24., 1 (Winter 1994): Pages 1 - 31.
Year of Publication: 1994.

351. Record Number: 1381
Author(s): Hough, Carole A.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Early Kentish "Divorce Laws": A Reconsideration of Aethelberht, Chs. 79 and 80 [argues that the text traditionally taken as evidence of divorce is in fact about a widow who either remains celibate, keeping her inheritance and children, or remarries and loses her inheritance and, possibly, her children as well].

Source: Anglo-Saxon England , 23., ( 1994): Pages 19 - 34.
Year of Publication: 1994.

352. Record Number: 1305
Author(s): Brundage, James A. and Elizabeth M. Makowski
Contributor(s):
Title : Enclosure of Nuns: The Decretal "Periculoso" and Its Commentators [Benedict's decretal required strict enclosure for all nuns, regardless of the rule under which they lived or their rank; the authors include a translation of "Periculoso" in an appendix, pages 154-155].

Source: Journal of Medieval History , 20., 2 (June 1994): Pages 143 - 155.
Year of Publication: 1994.

353. Record Number: 1978
Author(s): Goldberg, Jeremy.
Contributor(s):
Title : Women in Later Medieval English Archives [overview of the various kinds of original records available for the study of women in the subject areas of work, law, lifecycle, and religious devotion].

Source: Journal of the Society of Archivists , 15., 1 (Spring 1994): Pages 59 - 71.
Year of Publication: 1994.

354. Record Number: 5835
Author(s): Everard, Judith.
Contributor(s):
Title : Public Authority and Private Rights: Women in the English Royal Court of Justice, 1196- 1250 [the author argues that women rarely, and in the majority of categories never, served in the various roles needed for the royal courts of law (judges, juries, sheriffs, knights of the shire, sureties, essoiners {who presented a party's excuse for not attending the court}, attorneys, and witnesses); women were on occasion litigants, in some cases attorneys (when male family members could not serve), and provided expert testimony concerning pregnancy, rape, and other matters deemed to be women's areas of special expertise].

Source: Sexuality and Gender in History: Selected Essays. Edited by Penelope Hetherington and Philippa Maddern . Centre for Western Australian History, University of Western Australia, 1993. Studies in Medieval and Renaissance History , ( 1993): Pages 123 - 143.
Year of Publication: 1993.

355. Record Number: 11169
Author(s): Garcia Herrero, Maria del Carmen.
Contributor(s):
Title : Viudedad foral y viudas aragonesas a finales de la edad media [The author examines notarial documents concerning widows' rights to their husbands' estates. The documents date from the fifteenth century and come from Zaragoza, Huesca, Teruel, Calatayud, and Daroca in Aragon. Title note supplied by Feminae.]

Source: Hispania: Revista Española de Historia , 2 (mayo-agosto 1993): Pages 431 - 450.
Year of Publication: 1993.

356. Record Number: 9537
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Pope Innocent III and Familial Relationships of Clergy and Religious [The author draws on the letters of Pope Innocent III (1198-1216) to answer these questions: "Did Innocent permit illegitimate children, especially those of the major clergy, to receive ecclesiastical offices and benefices when they reached maturity? What was the papal position when the nuclear or extended family attempted to provide support for its children, nephews, and other kin? Did the pope intervene in any way to aid in the maintenance of these individuals?" (page 108).].

Source: Studies in Medieval and Renaissance History , ( 1993): Pages 105 - 148.
Year of Publication: 1993.

357. Record Number: 8581
Author(s): Miskimin, Harry A.
Contributor(s):
Title : Widows Not So Merry: Women and the Courts in Late Medieval France [The essay considers the practice of widows standing before the law courts to establish their economic and inheritance rights. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Upon My Husband's Death: Widows in the Literature and Histories of Medieval Europe. Edited by Louise Mirrer Studies in Medieval and Early Modern Civilization . University of Michigan Press, 1992. Continuity and Change , 7., 1 ( 1992): Pages 207 - 219.
Year of Publication: 1992.

358. Record Number: 6389
Author(s): Guimbard, Catherine.
Contributor(s):
Title : Appunti sulla legislazione suntuaria a Firenze dal 1281 al 1384 [as the Florentine republic matured, it began to regulate women's dress and expenditures on private festivities to safeguard the stability of the commune; limitations on women's costume was part of a larger effort to moderate any personal expressions that might lead to public disorder; these laws diminished differences between classes without removing them; various arrangements were made for enforcing these laws, including assigning special magistrates to that work; sumptuary laws, however, could not prevent a growing trend toward self expression].

Source: Archivio Storico Italiano , 150., 551 ( 1992): Pages 57 - 81.
Year of Publication: 1992.

359. Record Number: 8731
Author(s): Rispler-Chaim, Vardit.
Contributor(s):
Title : Nushuz Between Medieval and Contemporary Islamic Law: The Human Rights Aspect [The author examines the legal implications, medieval and modern, of "nushuz", which can refer either to the rebellion of a woman against her husband, or to a husband’s cruel treatment of his wife. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Arabica , 39., 3 ( 1992): Pages 315 - 327.
Year of Publication: 1992.

360. Record Number: 8705
Author(s): Dübeck, Inger.
Contributor(s):
Title : Women, Weddings, and Concubines in Medieval Danish Law [The author surveys the existing laws for medieval Denmark both from customary law and canon law. Dübeck concludes that the Church had a more flexible interpretation. For example, concubinage relations were judged, to the woman’s benefit, as marriages after three years. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Scandinavian Journal of History , 17., 4 ( 1992): Pages 315 - 322.
Year of Publication: 1992.

361. Record Number: 8579
Author(s): Mitchell, Linda E.
Contributor(s):
Title : Noble Widowhood in the Thirteenth Century: Three Generations of Mortimer Widows, 1246-1334 [The author looks at three generations of noble widows in Wales, considering the important roles they held in the public sphere. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Upon My Husband's Death: Widows in the Literature and Histories of Medieval Europe. Edited by Louise Mirrer Studies in Medieval and Early Modern Civilization . University of Michigan Press, 1992. Scandinavian Journal of History , 17., 4 ( 1992): Pages 169 - 190.
Year of Publication: 1992.

362. Record Number: 9528
Author(s): Mitchell, Linda E.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Lady is a Lord: Noble Widows and Land in Thirteenth-Century Britain [Independent noble widows were common in medieval England; many chose to remain single after the death of a husband, thereby holding large amounts of land and maintaining control over their families and their tenants. These women actively participated in the public sphere, and social class carried greater importance than gender in defining their roles. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Historical Reflections/ Reflexions historiques , 18., 1 (Winter 1992): Pages 71 - 97.
Year of Publication: 1992.

363. Record Number: 9518
Author(s): Pitsakis, Constantin G.
Contributor(s):
Title : Le droit matrimonial dans les canons du concile in Trullo [The author examines the canons concerning marriage from the Quinisext Synod (known as the Council of Trullo for the hall in the imperial palace in Constantinople where it was held). Pitsakis points out that in some cases the regulations present a clear double standard where women's sexual crimes are condemned harshly while the same crimes committed by men are judged more leniently. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Annuarium Historiae Conciliorum , 24., 40180 ( 1992): Pages 158 - 185.
Year of Publication: 1992.

364. Record Number: 9536
Author(s): Laiou, Angeliki E.
Contributor(s):
Title : Contribution à l'étude de l'institution familiale en Épire au XIIIème siècle [The author uses legal opinions from Demetrios Chomatenos and John Apokaukos to identify important trends in the history of the family in Epirus. Laiou argues that there was more flexibility in practice, citing divorce, concubines and illegitimate children, than the law would seem to suggest. The Appendix presents the Greek texts of two acts on divorce by Demetrios Chomatenos. The Article was originally published in Forschungen zur byzantinischen Rechtsgeschichte, 6 (1984): 275-323. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Gender, Society, and Economic Life in Byzantium. Angeliki E. Laiou Variorum Collected Studies Series . Ashgate, 1992. Annuarium Historiae Conciliorum , 24., 40180 ( 1992): Pages 275 - 323. Earlier published in Studies in Church History 27 (1990): 53-78.
Year of Publication: 1992.

365. Record Number: 10212
Author(s): Karlin-Hayter, Patricia.
Contributor(s):
Title : Further Notes on Byzantine Marriage: "Raptus" - harpage or mnesteiai [The author discusses two topics related to marriage, "raptus" and engagements. "Raptus" in the Byzantine canons refers to the act of abducting a woman in order to marry her. The Church canons in regard to engagement changed, so that emperors felt they had to make the rules less strict for young women and men who were often promised in marriage at the age of seven. The Appendix presents four English translations of sources from two churchmen, Xiphilinos and John the Thrakesian, along with legislation from Emperor Alexios I Komnenos. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Dumbarton Oaks Papers (Full Text via JSTOR) 46 (1992): 133-154. Homo Byzantinus: Papers in Honor of Alexander Kazhdan. Link Info
Year of Publication: 1992.

366. Record Number: 10376
Author(s): Curnow, Maureen Cheney.
Contributor(s):
Title : La Pioche d’Inquisition: Legal-Judicial Content and Style in Christine de Pizan’s "Livre de la Cite des Dames" [During her early years as a writer, Christine had extensive experience with royal law courts and legal proceedings both in her own life and in connection with her father and her husband. Christine’s knowledge and application of legal terminology and style in her work reflects the close connection between law and rhetoric in medieval education. Drawing upon her own education, Christine uses legal vocabulary in her poetry as part of a larger argument in favor of female participation in the law. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Reinterpreting Christine de Pizan. Edited by Earl Jeffrey Richards, Joan Williamson, Nadia Margolis, and Christine Reno . University of Georgia Press, 1992. Pages 157 - 172.
Year of Publication: 1992.

367. Record Number: 10970
Author(s): Colafemmina, Cesare.
Contributor(s):
Title : La poligamia presso gli ebrei nel Medioevo [The Bible described monogamy as an ideal with polygamy as a concession to human frailty. The "Misnah" permitted polygamy for men who could fulfill thier duties to each wife. Christians often tolerated this in cases in which first wives did not conceive.

Source: Quaderni Medievali , 34., ( 1992): Pages 114 - 122.
Year of Publication: 1992.

368. Record Number: 10524
Author(s): Wemple, Suzanne Fonay.
Contributor(s):
Title : Women from the Fifth to the Tenth Century [The author gives an overview of laws regarding women (particularly those concerning marriage, divorce, and inheritance), in Roman law, in Germanic cultures, in Merovingian times, and in the Carolingian period. The author also describes women’s participation in religion (women in monastic orders as well as wives of deacons and priests) and women’s participation in scholarly and artistic activity (including women as scribes and authors). Monasteries gave women more access to education and more opportunities to assume active roles in scholarship and art. The decentralization of church and state in the tenth century also allowed women to make more creative social contributions. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: A History of Women in the West. Volume 2: Silences of the Middle Ages. Edited by Christiane Klapisch-Zuber . Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1992. Historical Reflections/ Reflexions historiques , 18., 1 (Winter 1992): Pages 169 - 201.
Year of Publication: 1992.

369. Record Number: 9489
Author(s): Phelpstead, Carl.
Contributor(s):
Title : The “Man of Law's Tale” as a philosophical narrative [The author argues that certain of Chaucer’s tales which are usually considered mainly exemplary in fact explore Boethian philosophical problems of suffering that apply to everyone. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Yearbook of English Studies , 22., ( 1992): Pages 181 - 189.
Year of Publication: 1992.

370. Record Number: 10530
Author(s): Duby, Georges.
Contributor(s):
Title : Affidavits and Confessions [Medieval women’s voices are often mediated by men, but records of legal testimony provide some access to unmediated female voices. The author gives a partial transcription of the testimony of Grazida and Beatrice, two fourteenth-century French widows who were interrogated on suspicions of witchcraft and heresy. The women confess to having multiple affairs and having sex with priests. Both were sentenced for heresy but eventually had their sentences commuted as long as they wore yellow crosses on their clothing. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: A History of Women in the West. Volume 2: Silences of the Middle Ages. Edited by Christiane Klapisch-Zuber . Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1992. Yearbook of English Studies , 22., ( 1992): Pages 483 - 491.
Year of Publication: 1992.

371. Record Number: 10214
Author(s): Laiou, Angeliki E.
Contributor(s):
Title : Imperial Marriages and Their Critics in the Eleventh Century: The Case of Skylitzes [The author examines a number of historians but concentrates on the jurist and judge John Skylitzes. Skylitzes frequently objected to the behavior of emperors when their marriages ran counter to the public good. He was less likely to be concerned about ecclesiastical limitations on remarriage. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Dumbarton Oaks Papers (Full Text via JSTOR) 46 (1992): 165-176. Homo Byzantinus: Papers in Honor of Alexander Kazhdan. Link Info
Year of Publication: 1992.

372. Record Number: 7393
Author(s): Weisberg, David.
Contributor(s):
Title : Telling Stories About Constance: Framing and Narrative Strategy in the "Canterbury Tales" [The author suggests we read the "Canterbury Tales" in terms of its "discourse on the frame" to better understand Chaucer's narrative organization, and uses the "Man of Law's Tale" to show how such a reading reveals nuances in character voice. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Chaucer Review , 27., 1 ( 1992): Pages 45 - 64.
Year of Publication: 1992.

373. Record Number: 10211
Author(s): Herrin, Judith
Contributor(s):
Title : Femina Byzantina: The Council in Trullo on Women [The author looks at the canons from the Quinisext Synod (also known as the Council of Trullo) which concern women. They fall into three broad areas: church services, monasticism, and lay women's behavior. In regard to church services, Canon 70 forbids women to speak during the liturgy. Issues of concern in women's monasticism included the overly elaborate clothing worn by women when they took the veil and the need for priests' wives to join monasteries. Lay women's behavior needed curbing during festivals, at public baths, when dancing, and during ceremonies that smacked of paganism. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Dumbarton Oaks Papers , 46., ( 1992): Pages 97 - 105. Journal issue titled: Homo Byzantinus: Papers in Honor of Alexander Kazhdan.
Essay reproduced in Unrivalled Influence: Women and Empire in Byzantium. By Judith Herrin. Princeton University Press, 2013. Pages 115-132.
Year of Publication: 1992.

374. Record Number: 10741
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Marriage, Family, and Patriarchy in Douai, 1350-1600 [The author explores the variety of documentary sources available in Douai for understanding gender differences in marriage and inheritance. Over the time span under consideration, maritalm property arrangements changed from favoring the couple to protecting the lineage. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Marriage and Social Mobility in the Late Middle Ages/Marriage et mobilité sociale au bas moyen-âge. Handelingen van het colloquieum gehouden te Gent op 18 april 1988. Edited by W. Prevenier Studia Historica Gandensia . Department of History of the Arts Faculty of the University of Gent, 1992. Dumbarton Oaks Papers , 46., ( 1992): Pages 7 - 39. Second printing, revised and corrected by the editor
Year of Publication: 1992.

375. Record Number: 10278
Author(s): Cohen, Jeremy.
Contributor(s):
Title : Rationales for Conjugal Sex in RaABaD's Bàalei ha-nefesh [The article considers Rabbi Abraham ben David of Posquières' (RaABaD) views on marital sex, and compares them to those of his Christian contemporaries. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Jewish History , 6., 40180 ( 1992): Pages 65 - 78.
Year of Publication: 1992.

376. Record Number: 10745
Author(s): Danneel, Marianne.
Contributor(s):
Title : Orphanhood and Marriage in Fifteenth-Century Ghent [The author examined municipal records concerning orphans in regard to inventories of goods, contested guardianship, and marriage. Orphan girls with property were especially vulnerable to ill-advised courtships and forced marriages. Both sets of natal kin were generally concerned that orphans make the best matches, so that the family patrimony would be well administered. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Marriage and Social Mobility in the Late Middle Ages/Marriage et mobilité sociale au bas moyen-âge. Handelingen van het colloquieum gehouden te Gent op 18 april 1988. Edited by W. Prevenier Studia Historica Gandensia . Department of History of the Arts Faculty of the University of Gent, 1992. Jewish History , 6., 40180 ( 1992): Pages 123 - 139. Second printing, revised and corrected by the editor
Year of Publication: 1992.

377. Record Number: 8630
Author(s): Ewan, Elizabeth.
Contributor(s):
Title : Scottish Portias: Women in the Courts in Mediaeval Scottish Towns [The author considers the extent to which medieval Scottish women were able to use the court system to advance their own interests. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Journal of the Canadian Historical Association , 3., ( 1992): Pages 27 - 43.
Year of Publication: 1992.

378. Record Number: 7245
Author(s): Dawson, Robert B.
Contributor(s):
Title : Custance in Context: Rethinking the Protagonist of the "Man of Law's Tale" [The author suggests that we reconsider Custance in terms of her sophisticated, ironic use of language (which works to control her audience's view of her as a saintly figure) rather than as a completely passive and victimized character. Title note supplied by Feminae.]

Source: Chaucer Review , 26., 3 ( 1992): Pages 293 - 308.
Year of Publication: 1992.

379. Record Number: 8580
Author(s): Brundage, James A.
Contributor(s):
Title : Widows as Disadvantaged Persons in Medieval Canon Law [The author discusses the objectives and implications of Church intervention in legal cases concerning widows. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Upon My Husband's Death: Widows in the Literature and Histories of Medieval Europe. Edited by Louise Mirrer Studies in Medieval and Early Modern Civilization . University of Michigan Press, 1992. Chaucer Review , 26., 3 ( 1992): Pages 193 - 206.
Year of Publication: 1992.

380. Record Number: 10766
Author(s): Dor, Juliette.
Contributor(s):
Title : From the Crusading Virago to the Polysemous Virgin: Chaucer's Constance

Source: A Wyf Ther Was: Essays in Honour of Paule Mertens-Fonck. Edited by Juliette Dor . English Department, University of Liège, 1992. Chaucer Review , 26., 3 ( 1992): Pages 129 - 140.
Year of Publication: 1992.

381. Record Number: 10523
Author(s): Hughes, Diane Owen.
Contributor(s):
Title : Regulating Women’s Fashion [Obsession with fashion was not seen as a particularly feminine problem until the twelfth century, when it became common to condemn women for their appetite for fancy clothing. As commerce in cloth increased, excessive clothing became increasingly associated with women. Governments enacted sumptuary laws (specifying what styles and colors of clothes one could wear) in order to fix social rank and status through clothing. Bourgeois women who were able to adopt rich array and change clothes according to recent fashion trends threatened social hierarchies. In the later Middle Ages clothing began to take on new meanings; it was seen not only as a mark of social status but as a sign of virtue or sin. Women often evaded the clothing constraints forced upon them, thereby reordering social distinctions. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: A History of Women in the West. Volume 2: Silences of the Middle Ages. Edited by Christiane Klapisch-Zuber . Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1992. Chaucer Review , 26., 3 ( 1992): Pages 136 - 158.
Year of Publication: 1992.

382. Record Number: 8573
Author(s): Hanawalt, Barbara A.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Widow's Mite: Provisions for Medieval London Widows [The author uses London plea roles and wills to examine the extent to which widows were able to recover their dowers, and suggests that widows actively participated in medieval law courts. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Upon My Husband's Death: Widows in the Literature and Histories of Medieval Europe. Edited by Louise Mirrer Studies in Medieval and Early Modern Civilization . University of Michigan Press, 1992. Chaucer Review , 26., 3 ( 1992): Pages 21 - 45.
Year of Publication: 1992.

383. Record Number: 9456
Author(s): Karras, Ruth Mazo.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Latin Vocabulary of Illicit Sex in English Ecclesiastical Court Records [The author conducts a survey of the terminology that courts used to refer to various types of sexual behavior, particularly adultery, fornication, and prostitution. The language is far from straightforward, as different terms could be used for the same behaviors, depending on the individual case. Moreover, it is often unclear what behaviors are being described. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Journal of Medieval Latin , 2., ( 1992): Pages 1 - 17.
Year of Publication: 1992.

384. Record Number: 9065
Author(s): Baldwin, Spurgeon and James W. Marchand
Contributor(s):
Title : The Virgin Mary as Advocate before the Heavenly Court [The authors examine works of literature (in French, Castilian, and Catalan) that represent the Virgin Mary as the advocate for humankind. In these works, Satan sues for jurisdiction over humanity before the heavenly court, and Mary appears as defense counsel for humanity. The article gives detailed descriptions of the legal procedures that form the literary context of these works. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Medievalia et Humanistica , 18., ( 1992): Pages 79 - 94.
Year of Publication: 1992.

385. Record Number: 7165
Author(s): Finch, Andrew.
Contributor(s):
Title : Women and Violence in the Later Middle Ages: The Evidence of the Officiality of Cerisy

Source: Continuity and Change , 7., 1 ( 1992): Pages 23 - 45.
Year of Publication: 1992.

386. Record Number: 8683
Author(s): Goldberg, P. J. P.
Contributor(s):
Title : Marriage, Migration, and Servanthood: The York Cause Paper Evidence [The article examines demographic evidence related to marital age in medieval York, in order to identify a regional marriage regime, and observe how it changed over time. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Woman is a Worthy Wight: Women in English Society c. 1200-1500. Edited by P.J.P. Goldberg . Alan Sutton Publishing, 1992. Continuity and Change , 7., 1 ( 1992): Pages 1 - 15.
Year of Publication: 1992.

387. Record Number: 8659
Author(s): Rivers, Theodore John.
Contributor(s):
Title : Adultery in Early Anglo-Saxon Society: Æthelberht 31 in Comparison with Continental Germanic Law [If a married woman committed adultery in early Germanic society, her husband was entitled to retribution. In Anglo-Saxon society, this retribution took the form of a monetary payment directly proportionate to the offended husband’s class status. Aethelberht of Kent was the first Anglo-Saxon lawmaker to make this distinction. The Church did not have a major effect on pagan laws like this one. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Anglo-Saxon England , 20., ( 1991): Pages 19 - 25.
Year of Publication: 1991.

388. Record Number: 10694
Author(s): Cosgrove, Art,
Contributor(s):
Title : Consent, Consummation and Indissolubility: Some Evidence from Medieval Ecclesiastical Courts [The author considers the principle of consent in medieval marriage law and practice during the twelfth through the fifteenth century. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Downside Review , 109., (April 1991): Pages 94 - 104.
Year of Publication: 1991.

389. Record Number: 11069
Author(s): Camille, Michael.
Contributor(s):
Title : Gothic Signs and the Surplus: The Kiss on the Cathedral [The kiss was a sign with many meanings, and its symbolic significance in medieval visual and verbal representations is manifold. A sculpture on the West Front of Amiens Cathedral depicts the sin of lechery through the image of a man and woman kissing, yet the kiss did not always stand in for representations of sexual intercourse (legitimate or illicit). The kiss could have spiritual and allegorical significance (e.g., visual representations of the Song of Songs), legal force (e.g., feudal and courtly rituals), treacherous or transgressive overtones (e.g., representations of Judas and Christ or other same-sex couples kissing), mystical meanings, or devotional purposes (e.g., the kiss of peace). Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Yale French Studies (Full Text via JSTOR) (1991): 151-170. Special Editions: Style and Values in Medieval Art and Literature.Link Info
Year of Publication: 1991.

390. Record Number: 11222
Author(s): Saller, Richard.
Contributor(s):
Title : European Family History and Roman Law

Source: Continuity and Change , 6., 3 (December 1991): Pages 335 - 346.
Year of Publication: 1991.

391. Record Number: 10679
Author(s): Elliott, Dylan.
Contributor(s):
Title : Dress as Mediator Between Inner and Outer Self: The Pious Matron of the High and Later Middle ages [Clothing often served as a saint's way of signifying the discrepancy between her percieved social standing (according to secular values) and her own individual selfhood (one based on spiritual beliefs). For married female saints, clothing was an even more complex form of symbolism as it often thwarted the wife's expected subordination to her husband while also projecting an image of virginity which was at odds with a married social persona. During the later Middle Ages, clergy began to endorse efforts to restrict the clothing of laywomen in order to maintain husbands' supremacy over their pious wives. Title note supplied by Feminae.]

Source: Mediaeval Studies , 53., ( 1991): Pages 279 - 308.
Year of Publication: 1991.

392. Record Number: 11673
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Laws of the Head of Household in "Celestina" [The author uses a mid-sixteenth century commentary on the "Celestina" which is concerned in large part with legal issues. Corfis explores the laws governing heads of household in regard to adoption. Celestina convinces Pármeno to help her by saying she would adopt him as her son if she could. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Romance Languages Annual , 3., ( 1991): Pages 397 - 401.
Year of Publication: 1991.

393. Record Number: 11223
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : The European Family and Canon Law

Source: Continuity and Change , 6., 3 (December 1991): Pages 347 - 360.
Year of Publication: 1991.

394. Record Number: 11221
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Christianity and Endogamy

Source: Continuity and Change , 6., 3 (December 1991): Pages 295 - 333.
Year of Publication: 1991.

395. Record Number: 10604
Author(s): Greilsammer, Myriam.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Midwife, the Priest, and the Physician: The Subjugation of Midwives in the Low Countries at the End of the Middle Ages [The author traces the varied factors that contributed to the reduction of both status and scope of activity for midwives. Greilsammer argues that the church and civic authorities cooperated to limit midwives while promoting physicians in their place. The appendices include Flemish texts documenting the practices of midwives in city ordinances and oaths of office. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Journal of Medieval and Renaissance Studies , 21., 2 (Fall 1991): Pages 285 - 329.
Year of Publication: 1991.

396. Record Number: 11227
Author(s): Grossman, Avraham.
Contributor(s):
Title : Medieval Rabbinic Views on Wife-Beating, 800-1300

Source: Jewish History , 5., 1 (Spring 1991): Pages 53 - 62.
Year of Publication: 1991.

397. Record Number: 11228
Author(s): Tallan, Cheryl.
Contributor(s):
Title : Medieval Jewish Widows: Their Control of Resources

Source: Jewish History , 5., 1 (Spring 1991): Pages 63 - 74.
Year of Publication: 1991.

398. Record Number: 11224
Author(s): Bonfield, Lloyd.
Contributor(s):
Title : Canon Law and Family Law in Medieval Western Christendom

Source: Continuity and Change , 6., 3 (December 1991): Pages 361 - 374.
Year of Publication: 1991.

399. Record Number: 11784
Author(s): Brundage, James A.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Politics of Sodomy: Rex v. Pons Hugh de Ampurias (1311) [The essay argues that litigation records in the case of Pons Hugh IV demonstrate the way accusations of sodomy could have a political use. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Sex in the Middle Ages: A Book of Essays. Edited by Joyce E. Salisbury . Garland Publishing, 1991. Continuity and Change , 6., 3 (December 1991): Pages 239 - 246.
Year of Publication: 1991.

400. Record Number: 10686
Author(s): Terkla, Dan.
Contributor(s):
Title : A Basochien Proto-Drama and Its Mariological Context: "L'Advocacie Nostre Dame" [This French text about the Last Judgement dramatizes a confrontation between the Virgin Mary (as advocate for mankind) and Satan (in the role of the prosecutor). Scholars disagree about whether the text can be classified as a poem or a drama, and the author argues that it is a precursor to the burlesque lawsuits of the Basochiens. The text illustrates the intersection of two phenomena in medieval France, as the poem parodies both the fictional trials enacted by the Basochiens (lawyers in training) and the worship practices of the cult of the Virgin. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Medieval Perspectives , 6., ( 1991): Pages 87 - 100.
Year of Publication: 1991.

401. Record Number: 11786
Author(s): Sheehan, Michael M.
Contributor(s):
Title : Maritalis Affectio Revisited [Examining confessors’ handbooks, liturgical books, and sermons, the author argues that in the Middle Ages, “marital affection” referred to both legal consent and the emotional makeup of a relationship. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: The Olde Daunce: Love, Friendship, Sex, and Marriage in the Medieval World. Edited by Robert R. Edwards and Stephen Spector . State University of New York Press, 1991. Medieval Perspectives , 6., ( 1991): Pages 32 - 43.
Year of Publication: 1991.

402. Record Number: 11780
Author(s): Salisbury, Joyce E.
Contributor(s):
Title : Bestiality in the Middle Ages [The essay argues that bestiality was increasingly legislated against in the medieval period, but also suggests that the act was not necessarily curtailed, particularly in rural areas. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Sex in the Middle Ages: A Book of Essays. Edited by Joyce E. Salisbury . Garland Publishing, 1991. Medieval Perspectives , 6., ( 1991): Pages 173 - 186.
Year of Publication: 1991.

403. Record Number: 8678
Author(s): Corsi, Dinora.
Contributor(s):
Title : Dal sacrificio al maleficio: La donna e il sacro nell'eresia e nella stregoneria [Womens roles feature prominently in all interpretations of witchcraft. One element in this history is the gradual exclusion of Christian women from all sacramental functions. Many medieval women were attracted to religious movements, some of them heretical. Witchcraft was seen as one more movement of rebellion against orthodoxy, particularly with the prominent role taken by women. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Quaderni Medievali , 30., (dicembre 1990): Pages 8 - 62.
Year of Publication: 1990.

404. Record Number: 12737
Author(s): Saradi-Mendelovici, Helen.
Contributor(s):
Title : A Contribution to the Study of the Byzantine Notarial Formulas: The "infirmitas sexus" of Women and the "senatusconsultum Velleianum" [The author traces two notarial formulae that were commonly used in legal documents under Roman and Byzantine law: the “infirmitas sexus” (the legal designation of the inferiority of women as a natural characteristic) and the “senatusconsultum Velleianum” (a set of imperial provisions and restrictions imposed upon women). Both of these formulae appear in the middle to late Byzantine periods, where the Byzantine legislation perpetuates ancient restrictions on women’s legal capacities. The natural inferiority of women was often cited as the reason for why imperial legislation must protect and limit their actions. Appendix includes a list of relevant notarial documents in chronological order, including the parties involved , the notary who drew up the document, the location, and the legal formulation used. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Byzantinische Zeitschrift , 83., ( 1990): Pages 72 - 90.
Year of Publication: 1990.

405. Record Number: 12772
Author(s): Herlihy, David.
Contributor(s):
Title : Making Sense of Incest: Women and the Marriage Rules of the Early Middle Ages [The author discusses the Church’s vigorous marriage prohibitions, not only against consanguineous marriages, but also against marriage between persons related in ways other than by blood. He suggests that these prohibitions intended to reduce violence, ensure household harmony, and give fairer access to women. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Law, custom, and the social fabric in medieval Europe: essays in honor of Bryce Lyon. Edited by Bernard S. Bachrach and David Nicholas Studies in medieval culture . Medieval Institute Publications, Western Michigan University, 1990. Journal of Medieval and Renaissance Studies , 20., 2 (Fall 1990): Pages 1 - 16.
Year of Publication: 1990.

406. Record Number: 12865
Author(s): Furrow, Melissa M.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Man of Law's St. Custance: Sex and the Saeculum [The author argues that the Man of Law's Tale must be read against the backdrop of other lives of holy women in order to show how Chaucer uses familiar material. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Chaucer Review , 24., 3 ( 1990): Pages 223 - 235.
Year of Publication: 1990.

407. Record Number: 12862
Author(s): Raybin, David.
Contributor(s):
Title : Custance and History: Woman as Outsider in Chaucer's Man of Law's Tale [The author studies the ways in which Chaucer artistically transforms traditional medieval concepts of time in the Man of Law's Tale. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Studies in the Age of Chaucer , 12., ( 1990): Pages 65 - 84.
Year of Publication: 1990.

408. Record Number: 12675
Author(s): Haboucha, Reginetta.
Contributor(s):
Title : Clerics, Their Wives, and Their Concubines in the "Partidas" of Alfonso el Sabio [The author focuses on the women, wives and concubines, caught between the demands of the reforming church and their priest-husbands. In general the women were punished more harshly (banished to monasteries, sold into slavery, or worse), while priests had their punishments revoked once they repented. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Homo Carnalis: The Carnal Aspect of Medieval Human Life. Edited by Helen Rodite Lemay Acta . Center for Medieval and Early Renaissance Studies, State University of New York at Binghamton, 1990. Studies in the Age of Chaucer , 12., ( 1990): Pages 85 - 104. Papers presented at a conference held at the State University of New York at Stony Brook in 1987
Year of Publication: 1990.

409. Record Number: 12773
Author(s): Chojnacki, Stanley.
Contributor(s):
Title : Marriage Legislation and Patrician Society in Fifteenth-Century Venice [The author discusses the role marriage played in shaping patrician society, and argues that new legislation defined the expectations and limits of the state’s role in marriage in fifteenth-century Venice. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Law, custom, and the social fabric in medieval Europe: essays in honor of Bryce Lyon. Edited by Bernard S. Bachrach and David Nicholas Studies in medieval culture . Medieval Institute Publications, Western Michigan University, 1990. Studies in the Age of Chaucer , 12., ( 1990): Pages 163 - 184.
Year of Publication: 1990.

410. Record Number: 15604
Author(s): Loengard, Janet Senderowitz.
Contributor(s):
Title : Legal History and the Medieval Englishwoman Revisited [The author surveys recent scholarship on English law and medieval women. She analyzes important articles, signals noteworthy trends, and suggests areas which need more research. Loengard notes in particular the contributions made by social and economic historians beyond the publishing venues of legal history. Part of this essay was earlier published as "Legal History and the Medieval Englishwoman: A Fragmented View" in "Law and History Review" 4 (1986): 161-178. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Medieval Women and the Sources of Medieval History. Edited by Joel T. Rosenthal . University of Georgia Press, 1990. Studies in the Age of Chaucer , 12., ( 1990): Pages 210 - 236.
Year of Publication: 1990.

411. Record Number: 11197
Author(s): Head, Thomas.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Marriages of Christina of Markyate

Source: Viator , 21., ( 1990): Pages 75 - 101.
Year of Publication: 1990.

412. Record Number: 12763
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Christian Marriage in Byzantium: The Canonical and Liturgical Tradition [The article provides an introduction to the canonical and liturgical traditions of marriage in Byzantium; the author also discusses the limitations and ideals of such Christian marriages. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Dumbarton Oaks Papers , 44., ( 1990): Pages 99 - 107.
Year of Publication: 1990.

413. Record Number: 15606
Author(s): Rosenthal, Joel T.
Contributor(s):
Title : Anglo-Saxon Attitudes: Men's Sources, Women's History [The author discusses source material including law codes and the "Anglo Saxon Chronicle." Rosenthal suggests that women's history needs to be read obliquely in texts hwere they are not the focus but play roles of some importance like mothers in male saints' lives. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Medieval Women and the Sources of Medieval History. Edited by Joel T. Rosenthal . University of Georgia Press, 1990. Dumbarton Oaks Papers , 44., ( 1990): Pages 259 - 284.
Year of Publication: 1990.

414. Record Number: 12759
Author(s): Waugh, Scott L.
Contributor(s):
Title : Women's Inheritance and the Growth of Bureaucratic Monarchy in Twelfth- and Thirteenth-Century England [The author documents changes in English inheritance laws as they pertain to female heirs and coheirs, showing that, by 1250, the process of partitioning inheritances had changed in such a way that administrative roles were assumed increasingly by royal officials and justices rather than lords. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Nottingham Medieval Studies , 34., ( 1990): Pages 71 - 92.
Year of Publication: 1990.

415. Record Number: 12732
Author(s): Cohen, Esther and Elliott. Horowitz
Contributor(s):
Title : In search of the sacred: Jews, Christians, and rituals of marriage in the later Middle Ages [For many centuries, Jews lived among Christians in most of Europe, and despite religious differences there was much interaction between the two communities in the realm of public social rituals. Even though the two faiths had different philosophies on the purpose of marriage and ethical status of marital sex, Jewish and Christian weddings ran parallel in the gradual sacralization of what was originally a secular ritual and the development of distinct rituals for the remarriage of widows. The upper classes in Jewish and Christian communities approached the marriage ritual as a way to draw sharp distinctions between the two faiths, including the location and timing of the event and what visual elements or objects were used. However, the lower classes often shared more similarities in their ritual behaviors due to a larger degree of contact within a shared culture and common experience. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Journal of Medieval and Renaissance Studies , 20., 2 (Fall 1990): Pages 225 - 249.
Year of Publication: 1990.

416. Record Number: 12731
Author(s): Giladi, Avner.
Contributor(s):
Title : Some Observations on Infanticide in Medieval Muslim Society [Infanticide was a recognized practice in Arabia before the emergence of Islam, and although Muhammed denounced the practice in the Qu'ran, evidence from Qu'anic commentaries and hadith literature indicate that it persisted (even in post-Islamic Arabia) as a family planning strategy. For instance, a family under extreme economic pressure might allow an infant (especially a girl) to die soon after birth. Although Arab polytheists may have willingly sacrificed children (especially males, who were deemed most precious), Muslims viewed boys and girls as equals and on the whole rejected infanticide. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: International Journal of Middle East Studies , 22., 2 (May 1990): Pages 185 - 200.
Year of Publication: 1990.

417. Record Number: 15598
Author(s): Brundage, James A.
Contributor(s):
Title : Sexual Equality in Medieval Canon Law [Medieval chruch law posited equality for women and men in one respect: sex in marriage. Each spouse owed her/his partner the conjugal debt, that is sexual relations when requested. Brundage argues that this tenet promoted women's status in three ways: 1) Female sexuality received some legitimacy, 2) A compani (?)form of marriage was encouraged, 3) It encouraged re (?)of women's inequality in other areas. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Medieval Women and the Sources of Medieval History. Edited by Joel T. Rosenthal . University of Georgia Press, 1990. International Journal of Middle East Studies , 22., 2 (May 1990): Pages 66 - 79.
Year of Publication: 1990.

418. Record Number: 12790
Author(s): Jewell, Helen M.
Contributor(s):
Title : Women at the Courts of the Manor of Wakefield, 1348-1350 [The author studies the fourteenth-century manorial court rolls from Wakefield in order to study women’s involvement in petty crime, in landholding and civil pleas activities, and in miscellaneous entries which offer information about the economic and social standing of individual women. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Northern History , 26., ( 1990): Pages 59 - 81.
Year of Publication: 1990.

419. Record Number: 11019
Author(s): Karras, Ruth Mazo.
Contributor(s):
Title : Concubinage and Slavery in the Viking Age [The author argues that although not all concubines were slaves, concubinage was associated with slavery and low status. Children of both slave women and concubines needed their fathers' recognition in order to inherit. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Scandinavian Studies , 62., 2 (Spring 1990): Pages 141 - 162.
Year of Publication: 1990.

420. Record Number: 12779
Author(s): Crawford, Barbara E.
Contributor(s):
Title : North Sea Kingdoms, North Sea Bureaucrat: A Royal Official Who Transcended National Boundaries [The author argues for an identification of Weland of Stiklaw (a Scottish royal officer) with the Weland recorded to have accompanied Margaret, Maid of Norway, on her voyage to Scotland. The article includes an Appendix, an inventory of Isabella Bruce’s Goods. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Scottish Historical Review , 69., 2 (October 1990): Pages 175 - 184.
Year of Publication: 1990.

421. Record Number: 12797
Author(s): Murray, Jacqueline.
Contributor(s):
Title : On the Origins and Role of 'Wise Women' in Causes For Annulment on the Grounds of Male Impotence [Article includes an abstract. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Journal of Medieval History , 16., 3 ( 1990): Pages 235 - 249.
Year of Publication: 1990.

422. Record Number: 28183
Author(s): Metz, René,
Contributor(s):
Title : Recherches sur la condition de la femme selon Gratien

Source: Collectanea Stephan Kuttner. II. Edited by Giuseppe Forchielli and Alfons M. Stickler Studia Gratiana, 12. Institutum Gratianum, 1967. Byzantinische Zeitschrift , 83., ( 1990): Pages 377 - 396.
Year of Publication: 1967.

423. Record Number: 28184
Author(s): Richardson, Henry Gerald,
Contributor(s):
Title : The Marriage of Isabelle of Angoulême: A Problem of Canon Law

424. Record Number: 28185
Author(s): Brundage, James A.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Crusader's Wife: A Canonistic Quandry

425. Record Number: 28186
Author(s): Weigand, Rudolf.
Contributor(s):
Title : Die Lehre der Kanonisten des 12. und 13. Jahrhunderts von den Ehezwecken

426. Record Number: 28187
Author(s): Noonan, John T., Jr.
Contributor(s):
Title : Marital Affection in the Canonists

427. Record Number: 28188
Author(s): Landau, Peter,
Contributor(s):
Title : Hadrians IV. Decretale "Dignum est" (X.4.9.1) und die Eheschließung Unfreier in der Diskussion von Kanonisten und Theologen des 12. und 13. Jahrhunderts

428. Record Number: 28189
Author(s): Gellinek, Christian,
Contributor(s):
Title : Marriage by Consent in Literary Sources of Medieval Germany

429. Record Number: 30912
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Synagoga