Feminae: Medieval Women and Gender Index


  • Title: Liberal Arts of the Quadrivium
  • Creator:
  • Description: Depicted from left to right in this Ottonian illumination: Musica holding a stringed instrument; Arithmetica holding a counting strand; Geometria at a podium, holding a rod and geometric shapes on an abacus; and, Astrologia, standing beneath the sun, moon and stars, holds two burning torches and bears a gold cross on her tunic.
  • Source: Wikimedia Commons
  • Rights: Public domain
  • Subject (See Also): Liberal Arts, Personified as Women Musical Instruments Personification
  • Geographic Area: France
  • Century: 9
  • Date: ca. 845
  • Related Work: Boethius, De institutione arithmetica
  • Current Location: Bamberg, Staatsbibliothek, Msc.Class.5, fol. 9v
  • Original Location:
  • Artistic Type (Category): Digital images; Manuscript illuminations
  • Artistic Type (Material/Technique): Vellum (parchment); Gold; Silver
  • Donor:
  • Height/Width/Length(cm): 13.5 cm/16.5 cm/
  • Inscription: In rustic capitals above each corresponding figure: MUSICA - ARITHMETICA - GEOMETRIA – ASTROLOGIA
  • Related Resources: