Feminae: Medieval Women and Gender Index

194 Record(s) Found in our database

Search Results

1. Record Number: 45218
Author(s): Eleazar of Mainz and Miri Fenton,
Contributor(s):
Title : Instructions to my Sons and Daughters: The Ethical Will of Eleazar

Source: Jewish Everyday Life in Medieval Northern Europe, 1080-1350: A Sourcebook. Edited by Tzafrir Barzilay, Eyal Levinson, and Elisheva Baumgarten. The text is from Israel Abrahms, Jewish Ethical Wills (Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society of America, 1948), 207–18 . 2022. Pages 27 - 32. The book is available open access: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/mip_teamsdp/9/
Year of Publication: 2022.

2. Record Number: 44703
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Men and Women Behaving Badly: (b) Gisli Sursson Defends the Family Honor, (c) On the Penalties for Poetry, (d) Hallfred the Troublesome Poet and Kolfinna, (e) Grettir the Strong Puts a Woman in Her Place

Source: The Viking Age: A Reader. Edited by Angus A. Somerville and R. Andrew McDonald . University of Toronto Press, 2020. Pages 129 - 132.
Year of Publication: 2020.

3. Record Number: 44895
Author(s): Christine de Pizan
Contributor(s):
Title : Christine de Pizan on the Virtues of Toleration

Source: The Intolerant Middle Ages: A Reader. Edited by Eugene Smelyansky . University of Toronto Press, 2020. Pages 180 - 187.
Year of Publication: 2020.

4. Record Number: 30105
Author(s): Laszlovszky, József
Contributor(s):
Title : "Fama sanctitatis" and the Emergence of St. Margaret's Cult in the Rural Countryside: The Canonization Process and Social Mobility in Thirteenth-Century Hungary [The author analyzes a family's testimony in the canonization process of Saint Margaret of Hungary in 1276. The mother found her infant son dead in bed next to her and prayed to Saint Margaret for help. A few hours later he came back to life. Laszlovsz

Source: Promoting the Saints: Cults and Their Contexts from Late Antiquity until the Early Modern Period. Essays in Honor of Gábor Klaniczay for His 60th Birthday. Edited by Ottó Gecser, József Laszlovszky, Balázs Nagy, Marcell Sebok, and Katalin Szende . Central European University Press, 2011. Pages 103 - 123.
Year of Publication: 2011.

5. Record Number: 29708
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : The Lay of Rig (Rígsþula)

Source: The Viking Age: A Reader. Edited by Angus A. Somerville and R. Andrew McDonald. Readings in Medieval Civilizations and Cultures, 14. University of Toronto Press, 2010. Pages 18 - 28. Published also in the third edition of The Viking Age: A Reader (University of Toronto Press, 2020), pp. 18-28.
Year of Publication: 2010.

6. Record Number: 27575
Author(s): Rapp, Claudia
Contributor(s):
Title : The Origins of Ritual Brotherhood (adelphopoiesis)

Source: Byzantine Studies Conference , 35., ( 2009): Pages 37 - 37.
Year of Publication: 2009.

7. Record Number: 15839
Author(s): Tomas, Natalie.
Contributor(s):
Title : Did Women Have a Space? [The author briefly surveys the kinds of activities in which Florentine women took part. Given the gendered expectations of fathers and husbands based on religious beliefs and concerns with family honor, young and married women from privileged families mostly stayed at home. But this situation is further complicated by palaces being used for politics and business. Furthermore marriages were part of family strategies, and mothers of brides and grooms often took an active role in the considerations. Women from powerful families like Lucrezia Tornabuoni of the Medici, used their patron-client relationships to help the deserving and promote their families. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Renaissance Florence: A Social History. Edited by Roger J. Crum and John T. Paoletti . Cambridge University Press, 2006. Byzantine Studies Conference , 35., ( 2009): Pages 311 - 328.
Year of Publication: 2006.

8. Record Number: 11752
Author(s): Stanbury, Sarah and Virginia Chieffo Raguin
Contributor(s):
Title : Introduction [The authors briefly discuss ideas involved with women and their relations to the physical spaces of churches. They introduce theorists who have had an influence in this area including Pierre Bourdieu. They discuss the case of the squint, a hole in the screen around the chancel allowing a view of the altar, in terms of women's use and the subjective experience of peeping into a privileged space. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Women's Space: Patronage, Place, and Gender in the Medieval Church. Edited by Virginia Chieffo Raguin and Sarah Stanbury . State University of New York Press, 2005. Byzantine Studies Conference , 35., ( 2009): Pages 1 - 21.
Year of Publication: 2005.

9. Record Number: 14605
Author(s): Esposito, Anna.
Contributor(s):
Title : La normative suntuaria romana tra Quattrocento e Cinquecento [The sumptuary laws of Renaissance Rome survive from the 15th century onward. Laws made by the Romans themselves, with papal approval, try to distinguish citizens of higher or lower class from curialists, nobles and foreigners. Among the concerns of the legislators were ever growing amounts spent on dowries and display of wealth at marriages and funerals. Foods served at banquets also were regulated by these decrees. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Economia e societa a Roma tra Medioevo e Rinascimento: Studi dedicati ad Arnold Esch. Edited by Anna Esposito and Luciano Palermo . Viella, 2005. New Medieval Literatures , 7., ( 2005): Pages 147 - 179.
Year of Publication: 2005.

10. Record Number: 11757
Author(s): French, Katherine L.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Seat under Our Lady: Gender and Seating in Late Medieval English Parish Churches [The author argues that women's seating arrangements in churches give access to information about women in parish life that is otherwise unavailable. In her study of pew usage in Winchester, French demonstrates that women had a sanctioned space in the nave that frequently expressed status and the promotion of family interests. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

11. Record Number: 14606
Author(s): Raine, Melissa.
Contributor(s):
Title : Fals flesch: Food and the Embodied Piety of Margery Kempe [In examining Margery Kempe's various interactions with food which include feeding the poor, fasting, receiving the Eucharist, and eating at the tables of prominent people, Raine does not find gender a highly significant factor. Rather Margery acts out of highly individualized motivations including a concern to establish and enhance her own standing. In her conclusion Raine questions Caroline Walker Bynum's approach to women and food in Holy Feast and Holy Fast, finding the methodology and assumptions inadequate for the historical realities of gendered expectations and devotional practices. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: New Medieval Literatures , 7., ( 2005): Pages 101 - 126.
Year of Publication: 2005.

12. Record Number: 12610
Author(s): Ashley, Kathleen.
Contributor(s):
Title : Material and Symbolic Gift-Giving: Clothes in English and French Wills [The practice of bequeathing clothing to friends, relatives, and others in one’s will was common in late medieval and Early Modern England and France. Major differences in how clothing is dispensed in the wills arise not when one compares the gender of particular testators but the socioeconomic class of the individual. Among lower class people, items of clothing function as commodities (objects of use or value to be passed along), but for bourgeois and aristocratic people clothing carries both material and symbolic value. In these social classes, giving clothing can signify a sentimental attachment to a person or it can constitute a spiritual act of almsgiving. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Medieval Fabrications: Dress, Textiles, Clothwork, and Other Cultural Imaginings. Edited by E. Jane Burns . Palgrave, 2004. Past and Present , 182., (February 2004): Pages 137 - 146.
Year of Publication: 2004.

13. Record Number: 12609
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Limiting Yardage and Changes of Clothes: Sumptuary Legislation in Thirteenth-Century France, Languedoc, and Italy [In Western Europe, the first laws to control the expenditure and display of dress by laypersons appeared in the thirteenth century. The initial period of regulating activity in Occitania, France, and Italy developed from ecclesiastical laws regulating clerical dress, but the political origins and motivations for the legislation varied by region. Italian and Occitan cities based their legislation upon Roman law, while northern regions of France used customary law; the cities of Montpellier and Siena focused more attention on women’s display than men’s, while most French regions were more interested in keeping a clear correlation between social status and wealth in general. The effects of sumptuary legislation on people in these regions are reflected by numerous sartorial concerns in contemporary vernacular poetry and didactic literatures. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Medieval Fabrications: Dress, Textiles, Clothwork, and Other Cultural Imaginings. Edited by E. Jane Burns . Palgrave, 2004. New Medieval Literatures , 7., ( 2005): Pages 121 - 136.
Year of Publication: 2004.

14. Record Number: 10984
Author(s): Harker, C. Marie.
Contributor(s):
Title : Chrystis Kirk on the Grene and "Peblis to the Ploy": The Economy of Gender [In these two Middle Scots satires female misbehavior is defined as sexual license, whether it be peasant girls who are available to every man or the lower-class woman who thinks that she can entice a well-off merchant. Harker argues that anxieties over class distinction and the instability of the urban burghs are transferred to unruly, lower class female bodies. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Woman and the Feminine in Medieval and Early Modern Scottish Writing. Edited by Sarah M. Dunnigan, C. Marie Harker, and Evelyn S. Newlyn . Palgrave Macmillan, 2004. New Medieval Literatures , 7., ( 2005): Pages 31 - 46.
Year of Publication: 2004.

15. Record Number: 11500
Author(s): McKee, Sally
Contributor(s):
Title : Inherited Status and Slavery in Late Medieval Italy and Venetian Crete [In comparing the situation of slaves' children fathered by their masters in Crete and in the mainland cities of Venice, Genoa, and Florence, the author argues that "Latin" ancestry counted in the colonial setting but not in the Italian cities. Introducing children of mixed parentage into society mattered more for a frontier society where the conquering Western Europeans were in the minority. However, in both areas in the late Middle Ages, custom pushed to extend free status to the children of slaves by assuming that the children inherited their fathers' status rather than their mothers' servile condition. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Past and Present , 182., (February 2004): Pages 31 - 53.
Year of Publication: 2004.

16. Record Number: 7869
Author(s): Bennett, Judith M.
Contributor(s):
Title : England: Women and Gender [The author provides an overview of recent historiographic issues for the study of women and gender in late medieval England. Topics highlighted include the recent emphasis on the many differences in medieval women's conditions (social status, stage in the life course, ethnicity, religious status, and more), changes over time, medieval expectations of the roles and behaviors for women, and the impact of women's history on the history of medieval England in general. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: A Companion to Britain in the Later Middle Ages. Edited by S. H. Rigby . Blackwell Companions to British History. Blackwell Publishing, 2003. Renaissance studies : journal of the Society for Renaissance Studies , 17., 2 (June 2003): Pages 87 - 106.
Year of Publication: 2003.

17. Record Number: 10703
Author(s): Phelpstead, Carl,
Contributor(s):
Title : The Sexual Ideology of Hrólfs saga kraka [The author argues that "Hrólfs saga" embodies patriachal values influenced by Christian concerns. This homosocial world of men generally views women in a misogynist light. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Scandinavian Studies , 75., 1 (Spring 2003): Pages 1 - 24.
Year of Publication: 2003.

18. Record Number: 10963
Author(s): Strocchia, Sharon T.
Contributor(s):
Title : Taken into Custody: Girls and Convent Guardianship in Renaissance Florence

Source: Renaissance studies : journal of the Society for Renaissance Studies , 17., 2 (June 2003): Pages 177 - 200.
Year of Publication: 2003.

19. Record Number: 10783
Author(s): Jones, Leslie C. and Jonathan J. G. Alexander
Contributor(s):
Title : The Annunciation to the Shepherdess [The authors explore the representation of shepherdesses in fifteenth century deluxe books of hours. There are a variety of types including eroticized figures, pious saint-like young women, and disorderly peasant dancers. The authors suggest that in many cases differences in social class are being emphasized for noble owners (both male and female) of these books of hours. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Studies in Iconography , 24., ( 2003): Pages 165 - 198.
Year of Publication: 2003.

20. Record Number: 11824
Author(s): Crawford, Sally.
Contributor(s):
Title : Anglo-Saxon Women, Furnished Burial, and the Church [The author discusses the possible meanings of women's burials during the Conversion Period in Anglo-Saxon England. Scholars have attributed Christian or non-Christian beliefs to the locations of burials (churchyards, barrows, and ancestral graveyards), presence or absence of grave goods, and inclusion of seemingly Christian symbols like cruciform jewellry. The need for high status families to display their prestige and wealth through an ostentatious burial of a female member is also an important consideration. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Women and Religion in Medieval England. Edited by Diana Wood . Oxbow Books, 2003. Renaissance studies : journal of the Society for Renaissance Studies , 17., 2 (June 2003): Pages 1 - 12.
Year of Publication: 2003.

21. Record Number: 8711
Author(s): Lawless, Catherine
Contributor(s):
Title : Women on the Margins: The "Beloved" and the "Mistress" in Renaissance Florence [The author discusses women who were in irrgular relationships with men, whether as idealized love objects or in extra-marital sexual relationships. The women involved range from the daughters of the most important families and nuns to slaves and poor women. While wealthy young brides like Ginevra de'Benci could flirt with romantic love without loss of status, concubines who lived outside the family structure risked marginality and illegitimacy for their children. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Studies on Medieval and Early Modern Women: Pawns or Players? Edited by Christine Meek and Catherine Lawless . Four Courts Press, 2003. Renaissance studies : journal of the Society for Renaissance Studies , 17., 2 (June 2003): Pages 111 - 130.
Year of Publication: 2003.

22. Record Number: 8072
Author(s): Rees Jones, Sarah.
Contributor(s):
Title : Women's Influence on the Design of Urban Homes [The author argues that home ownership was more important to women than to men. Houses provided security, status, and a means for earning income. The physical environment of the home shaped the bourgeois ideal of female domesticity. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Gendering the Master Narrative: Women and Power in the Middle Ages. Edited by Mary C. Erler and Maryanne Kowaleski . Cornell University Press, 2003. Renaissance studies : journal of the Society for Renaissance Studies , 17., 2 (June 2003): Pages 190 - 211.
Year of Publication: 2003.

23. Record Number: 7835
Author(s): Gilmore, Gloria Thomas.
Contributor(s):
Title : Marie de France's "Bisclavret": What the Werewolf Will and Will Not Wear ["This chapter will attempt to unravel that tangled tension in the story of 'Bisclavret,' where there are two opposing functions of clothing: to confine in a social role or identity imposed from without , or to express a self-definition, chosen or generated from within." Page 67.].

Source: Encountering Medieval Textiles and Dress: Objects, Texts, Images. Edited by Désirée G. Koslin and Janet E. Snyder . Palgrave Macmillan, 2002. History of the Family , 7., 1 ( 2002): Pages 67 - 84.
Year of Publication: 2002.

24. Record Number: 14696
Author(s): Lee, Becky R.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Medieval Hysteric and Psychedelic Psychologist: A Revaluation of the Mysticism of Margery Kempe in the Light of the Transpersonal Psychology of Stanislav Grof

Source: Studia Mystica , 23., ( 2002): Pages 102 - 126.
Year of Publication: 2002.

25. Record Number: 7410
Author(s): Guzzetti, Linda and Antje Ziemann
Contributor(s):
Title : Women in the Fourteenth-Century Venetian "Scuole"

Source: Renaissance Quarterly , 55., 4 (Winter 2002): Pages 1151 - 1195.
Year of Publication: 2002.

26. Record Number: 11032
Author(s): Davis, Isabel.
Contributor(s):
Title : Consuming the Body of the Working Man in the Later Middle Ages [The author argues for a more nuanced reading of the working man's body. Davis cites literary texts in which the male peasant is associated with food and sustenance while other texts emphasize the pain and bodily disfigurement that the work brings. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Consuming Narrative: Gender and Monstrous Appetite in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. Edited by Liz Herbert McAvoy and Teresa Walters . University of Wales Press, 2002. Studia Mystica , 23., ( 2002): Pages 42 - 53.
Year of Publication: 2002.

27. Record Number: 8727
Author(s): Jussen, Bernhard.
Contributor(s):
Title : Virgins- Widows- Spouses: On the Language of Moral Distinction as Applied to Women and Men in the Middle Ages

Source: History of the Family , 7., 1 ( 2002): Pages 13 - 32.
Year of Publication: 2002.

28. Record Number: 8802
Author(s): Sebregondi, Ludovica.
Contributor(s):
Title : Clothes and Teenagers: What Young Men Wore in Fifteenth-Century Florence [The author argues that young Florentine men wore distinctive clothing. Tight-fitting and revealing cothing that emphasized the wearer's masculinity were popular. Moralists complained but did not succeed in changing fashions. Title note supplied by Feminae.]

Source: The Premodern Teenager: Youth in Society, 1150-1650. Edited by Konrad Eisenbichler . Publications of the Centre for Reformation and Renaissance Studies, Essays and Studies, 1. Centre for Reformation and Renaissance Studies, 2002. History of the Family , 7., 1 ( 2002): Pages 27 - 50.
Year of Publication: 2002.

29. Record Number: 7056
Author(s): Chojnacki, Stanley.
Contributor(s):
Title : Valori patrizi nel tribunale patriarcale: Girolamo da Mula e Marietta Soranzo (Venezia 1460) [Venetian ecclesiastical tribunals often had to balance canon law and political considerations. Giovanni Gabriel was able to argue successfully the importance of the disparate social stranding of Orsa Dolfin and himself. Girolamo da Mula, however, was unsuccessful in using a similar argument to deny that he was married to Marietta Soranzo. Her family was noble and simply out of favor politically. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Matrimoni in dubbio: unioni controverse e nozze clandestine in Italia dal XIV al XVIII secolo. Edited by Silvana Seidel Menchi and Diego Quaglioni . Mulino, 2001. Viator , 32., ( 2001): Pages 199 - 245.
Year of Publication: 2001.

30. Record Number: 13638
Author(s): Ion, Despina.
Contributor(s):
Title : Politique matrimoniale et stratégies narratives dans "Garin le Loheren" [The author explores the marriage exchanges made by the king, Pippin, which sometimes favor the noble men from Lorraine and sometimes instead help their rivals, the nobles from Bordeaux. There is a great deal of maneuvering with the group from Bordeaux declaring matches invalid. Marriage is generally with a higher ranked woman which confers status and resources on the new husband. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: L' Épopée romane au moyen âge et aux temps modernes: Actes du XIVe Congrès International de la Société Rencesvals pour l' étude des épopées romanes: Naples, 24-30 juillet 1997. 2 volumes. Edited by Salvatore Luongo . Fridericiana Editrice Universitaria, 2001. Viator , 32., ( 2001): Pages 247 - 265.
Year of Publication: 2001.

31. Record Number: 6924
Author(s): Krueger, Roberta L.
Contributor(s):
Title : Nouvelles Choses: Social Instability and the Problem of Fashion in the "Livre du Chevalier de la Tour Landry," the "Ménagier de Paris," and Christine de Pizan's "Livre des Trois Vertus" [The author argues that the anti-fashion discourse in the three texts confirms that sumptuary laws and the criticisms of authorities could not control women's desires for new fashions in clothing. In fact in the descriptions and illustrations of fashions

Source: Medieval Conduct. Edited by Kathleen Ashley and Robert L. A. Clark . Medieval Cultures, Volume 29. University of Minnesota Press, 2001. Studia Mystica , 23., ( 2002): Pages 49 - 85.
Year of Publication: 2001.

32. Record Number: 6851
Author(s): Narbona-Cárceles, María.
Contributor(s):
Title : Woman at Court: A Prosopographic Study of the Court of Carlos III of Navarre (1387-1425) [The appendix lists the 364 women investigated along with their positions at court. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Medieval Prosopography , 22., ( 2001): Pages 31 - 64.
Year of Publication: 2001.

33. Record Number: 8728
Author(s): King, Andy.
Contributor(s):
Title : Jack Le Irish and the Abduction of Lady Clifford, November 1315: The Heiress and the Irishman [The author argues that Jack Le Irish was an Anglo-Irish soldier in service to Edward II who set his eyes on too high a prize (Maud de Clifford and her estates) for a mere man-at-arms. His methods, abduction and forced marriage, were used with many heiresses, but in this case Maud's relatives used their influence to have her rescued. Title note supplied by Feminae.]

Source: Northern History , 38., 2 (September 2001): Pages 187 - 195.
Year of Publication: 2001.

34. Record Number: 5605
Author(s): Mann, Jill.
Contributor(s):
Title : Wife-Swapping in Medieval Literature [in order to understand better the relationships among Dorigen, Arveragus, and Aurelius, the author considers the exchange of wives between friends in a number of earlier medieval texts, including the Latin poem "Lantfrid and Cobbo," the many versions of "Amis and Amiloun," the thirteenth-century romance "Athis and Prophilias," Boccaccio's story in the "Decameron" concerning Titus and Gisippus, the story of Rollo and Resus in Walter Map's "De Nugis Curialium," and Giovanni Fiorentino's story of Stricca and Galgano in his fourteenth-century collection "Il Pecorone"].

Source: Viator , 32., ( 2001): Pages 93 - 112.
Year of Publication: 2001.

35. Record Number: 6925
Author(s): Ashley, Kathleen.
Contributor(s):
Title : The "Miroir des bonnes Femmes": Not for Women Only? ["To read the 'Miroir des bonnes femmes' as relating only to women, therefore, would be to misunderstand its role in the formation of new ideologies during the fourteenth through the sixteenth centuries. The conjunction of female-based rhetoric, familial identities, and the promise of social advancement through proper conduct marks the first stage of a distinctive bourgeois ideology that will be fully articulated and culturally dominant by the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Despite the assumption, perhaps, on the part of conduct book owners that they are justifying a claim to 'noble' rank, it is in bourgeois culture that female honor is made the symbolic basis of a family's social reputation. As they cultivated that reputation and fostered a process of social advancement, fathers as well as their daughters therefore had a vital interest in owning conduct texts addressed to women." p. 102].

Source: Medieval Conduct. Edited by Kathleen Ashley and Robert L. A. Clark . Medieval Cultures, Volume 29. University of Minnesota Press, 2001. Viator , 32., ( 2001): Pages 86 - 105.
Year of Publication: 2001.

36. Record Number: 6302
Author(s): Schnyder, Mireille.
Contributor(s):
Title : Die Entdeckung des Begehrens: Das Märe von der halben Birne

Source: Beiträge zur Geschichte der deutschen Sprache und Literatur , 122., ( 2000): Pages 263 - 278.
Year of Publication: 2000.

37. Record Number: 6303
Author(s): Winter, Carla.
Contributor(s):
Title : Weipplich brust--manlich hertz: Lucretia in der "Römischen Historie"

Source: Beiträge zur Geschichte der deutschen Sprache und Literatur , 122., ( 2000): Pages 279 - 291.
Year of Publication: 2000.

38. Record Number: 5014
Author(s): Finke, Laurie A. and Martin B. Shichtman
Contributor(s):
Title : Magical Mistress Tour: Patronage, Intellectual Property, and the Dissemination of Wealth in the "Lais" of Marie de France

Source: Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society (Full Text via JSTOR) 25, 2 (Winter 2000): 479-503. Link Info
Year of Publication: 2000.

39. Record Number: 5448
Author(s): Bridgeman, Jane.
Contributor(s):
Title : Pagare le pompe: Why Quattrocento Sumptuary Laws Did Not Work [the author argues that given the very high costs for fabric, especially luxury fabrics, sumptuary laws were intended as a supplementary taxation on the wealthy; instead of forbidding costly attire, the system gave those of high status the opportunity to dress opulently by paying fines].

Source: Women in Italian Renaissance Culture and Society. Edited by Letizia Panizza . European Humanities Research Centre, University of Oxford, 2000. Pages 209 - 226.
Year of Publication: 2000.

40. Record Number: 4245
Author(s): Farmer, Sharon.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Beggar's Body: Intersections of Gender and Social Status in High Medieval Paris [The author argues that gender must be viewed within a matrix of other factors including social status; she examines the case of lower status men who, in the eyes of the elite, had an association with the body as did women].

Source: Monks and Nuns, Saints and Outcasts: Religion in Medieval Society. Essays in Honor of Lester K. Little. Edited by Sharon Farmer and Barbara H. Rosenwein . Cornell University Press, 2000. Pages 153 - 171.
Year of Publication: 2000.

41. Record Number: 5613
Author(s): Bennett, Judith M.
Contributor(s):
Title : Lesbian-Like and the Social History of Lesbianisms [The author argues that for the study of the Middle Ages the category "lesbian" needs to be expanded to "lesbian-like" to include characteristics that have affinities with modern-day lesbians; the author suggests that cross dressing women, prostitutes and others involved in unsanctioned sexuality, women in single-sex religious houses, and single women can all be understood in new ways when considered as lesbian-like behaviors].

Source: Journal of the History of Sexuality , 9., 40180 (January-April 2000): Pages 1 - 24.
Year of Publication: 2000.

42. Record Number: 10119
Author(s): Norris, Robin.
Contributor(s):
Title : In the Shadow of the Cross: "The Dream of the Rood" and Same-Sex Piety

Source: Old English Newsletter , 33., 3 (Spring 2000): Paper presented at the Thirty-Fifth International Congress on Medieval Studies, The Medieval Institute, Western Michigan University, May 4-7, 2000, Session 295: "Old English Poetry I."
Year of Publication: 2000.

43. Record Number: 4368
Author(s): Edwards, Cyril.
Contributor(s):
Title : Mothers' Boys and Mothers' Girls in the Pastourelle: Oswald von Wolkenstein, "Frölich so wil Ich aber singen" (KL.79) [The author argues that the humor of Oswald's pastourelle comes from parody, social and gender role reversals, and the lady's snobbery].

Source: Forum for Modern Language Studies , 35., 1 ( 1999): Pages 70 - 80.
Year of Publication: 1999.

44. Record Number: 3168
Author(s): Bennett, Judith M. and Amy M. Froide
Contributor(s):
Title : A Singular Past [an overview essay on never married women in the medieval and early modern periods touching on numbers, differences among, representations of, choices made to remain single, and personal relationships].

Source: Singlewomen in the European Past, 1250-1800. Edited by Judith M. Bennett and Amy M. Froide . University of Pennsylvania Press, 1999. Beiträge zur Geschichte der deutschen Sprache und Literatur , 122., ( 2000): Pages 1 - 37.
Year of Publication: 1999.

45. Record Number: 3654
Author(s): Dressler, Rachel.
Contributor(s):
Title : Steel Corpse: Imaging the Knight in Death [The author argues that British tomb effigies constructed an elite, warrior masculinity].

Source: Conflicted Identities and Multiple Masculinities: Men in the Medieval West. Edited by Jacqueline Murray . Garland Medieval Casebooks, volume 25. Garland Reference Library of the Humanities, volume 2078. Garland Publishing, 1999. Beiträge zur Geschichte der deutschen Sprache und Literatur , 122., ( 2000): Pages 135 - 167.
Year of Publication: 1999.

46. Record Number: 4265
Author(s): Myers, Michael D.
Contributor(s):
Title : A Fictional-True Self: Margery Kempe and the Social Reality of the Merchant Elite Of King's Lynn [the author argues that Margery Kempe had fashioned her self-identity from the family status, social position, and mercantile values of her father; the decline of old-style merchant families like the Brunhams and the Kempes caused Margery to seek a new personal identity].

Source: Albion , 31., 3 (Fall 1999): Pages 377 - 394.
Year of Publication: 1999.

47. Record Number: 4212
Author(s): Blumenfeld-Kosinski, Renate.
Contributor(s):
Title : Enemies Within/ Enemies Without: Threats to the Body Politic in Christine de Pizan

Source: Medievalia et Humanistica New Series , 26., ( 1999): Pages 1 - 15. Special issue: Civil Strife and National Identity in the Middle Ages.
Year of Publication: 1999.

48. Record Number: 3742
Author(s): Hadley, D. M. and J. M. Moore
Contributor(s):
Title : Death Makes the Man?: Burial Rite and the Construction of Maculinities in the Early Middle Ages

Source: Masculinity in Medieval Europe. Edited by D.M. Hadley . Women and Men in History Series. Addison Wesley Longman, 1999. Beiträge zur Geschichte der deutschen Sprache und Literatur , 122., ( 2000): Pages 21 - 38.
Year of Publication: 1999.

49. Record Number: 4314
Author(s): Overing, Gillian R.
Contributor(s):
Title : A Body in Question: Aging, Community and Gender in Medieval Iceland [The author argues that old women were stereotyped as nasty gossips or agents of evil unless there were mitigating factors of wealth, status, or class].

Source: Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies , 29., 2 (Spring 1999): Pages 211 - 225.
Year of Publication: 1999.

50. Record Number: 6290
Author(s): Siegmund, Frank.
Contributor(s):
Title : Pactus Legis Salicae § 13; Über den Frauenraub in der Merowingerzeit

Source: Frühmittelalterliche Studien , 32., ( 1998): Pages 101 - 123.
Year of Publication: 1998.

51. Record Number: 3099
Author(s): Hurwich, Judith J.
Contributor(s):
Title : Marriage Strategy Among the German Nobility, 1400-1699 [argues that men of lower rank married women of higher rank].

Source: Journal of Interdisciplinary History , 29., 2 (Autumn 1998): Pages 169 - 195.
Year of Publication: 1998.

52. Record Number: 8950
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Maintaining Boundaries: The Status of Actresses in Early Christian Society [The author deals in part with conditions in early Byzantium. In most instances actresses could only escape social and legal infamy by renouncing the stage. In a few cases, such as that of Theodora, highly favored actresses were able to marry into the senatorial class by some legal manoeuvering. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Vigiliae Christianae , 52., ( 1998): Pages 293 - 318.
Year of Publication: 1998.

53. Record Number: 3197
Author(s): French, Katherine L.
Contributor(s):
Title : Maidens' Lights and Wives' Stores: Women's Parish Guilds in Late Medieval England

Source: Sixteenth Century Journal: The Journal of Early Modern Studies (Full Text via JSTOR) 29, 2 (Summer 1998): 399-425. Link Info
Year of Publication: 1998.

54. Record Number: 3079
Author(s): Léglu, Catherine.
Contributor(s):
Title : Identifying the "Toza" in Medieval Occitan "Pastorela" and Old French "Pastourelle" [the"toza" or girl sometimes has an ambiguous social status; she also often serves as the mouthpiece for the poet].

Source: French Studies , 52., 2 (April 1998): Pages 129 - 141.
Year of Publication: 1998.

55. Record Number: 6294
Author(s): Rouse, Robert Allen.
Contributor(s):
Title : eyn ganss truwe frunt: Frauen und Kinder also Opfer männlicher Freundschaftstreue in zwei Exempln des Grossen Seelentrostes

Source: Neophilologus , 82., 3 ( 1998): Pages 425 - 433.
Year of Publication: 1998.

56. Record Number: 2999
Author(s): Farmer, Sharon.
Contributor(s):
Title : Down and Out and Female in Thirteenth-Century Paris

Source: American Historical Review (Full Text via JSTOR) 103, 2 (April 1998): 344-372. Link Info
Year of Publication: 1998.

57. Record Number: 3704
Author(s): Flanagan, Sabina.
Contributor(s):
Title : For God Distinguishes the People of Earth as in Heaven : Hildegard of Bingen's Social Ideas

Source: Journal of Religious History , 22., 1 (February 1998): Pages 14 - 34.
Year of Publication: 1998.

58. Record Number: 2081
Author(s): Walmsley, John.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Early Abbesses, Nuns, and Female Tenants of the Abbey of Holy Trinity, Caen [using charters and early surveys, the author examines the administration of the abbesses, the social origins of the nuns, and the status of female tenants both in Normandy and England, particularly the inheritance rights of widows].

Source: Journal of Ecclesiastical History , 48., 3 (July 1997): Pages 425 - 444.
Year of Publication: 1997.

59. Record Number: 6293
Author(s): Affeldt, Werner.
Contributor(s):
Title : Frauen und Geschlechterbeziehungen im Frühmittelalter. Ein Forschungsbericht

Source: Mediaevistik , 10., ( 1997): Pages 15 - 156.
Year of Publication: 1997.

60. Record Number: 2503
Author(s): Dockray-Miller, Mary.
Contributor(s):
Title : Maternal Reflections on Gender and Medievalism

Source: Medieval Feminist Newsletter , 24., (Fall 1997): Pages 17 - 20.
Year of Publication: 1997.

61. Record Number: 2273
Author(s): Zimmermann, Margarete
Contributor(s):
Title : English Noblewomen and the Local Community in the Later Middle Ages [roles that noble women played at the local level as employers, almsgivers, supporters of the parish, providers of hospitality and entertainment, and members of confraternities].

Source: Medieval Women in Their Communities. Edited by Diane Watt . University of Toronto Press, 1997. Medieval Feminist Newsletter , 24., (Fall 1997): Pages 186 - 203.
Year of Publication: 1997.

62. Record Number: 6325
Author(s): von Hülsen-Esch, Andrea.
Contributor(s):
Title : Frauen an der Universität? Überlegungen anlässlich einer Gegenüberstellung von mittelalterlichen Bildzeugnissen und Texten

Source: Zeitschrift für Historische Forschung , 24., 3 ( 1997): Pages 315 - 346.
Year of Publication: 1997.

63. Record Number: 3913
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Boys Will Be... What? Gender, Sexuality, and Childhood in "Floire et Blancheflor" and "Floris et Lyriope" [The author argues that in both texts boyish sexuality leads to inappropriate choices, Floris transgresses social hierarchy and Floire calls into question the categories of gender and kinship].

Source: Exemplaria: A Journal of Theory in Medieval and Renaissance Studies , 9., 1 (Spring 1997): Pages 39 - 61.
Year of Publication: 1997.

64. Record Number: 2421
Author(s): Karras, Ruth Mazo.
Contributor(s):
Title : Sharing Wine, Women, and Song: Masculine Identity Formation in the Medieval European Universities

Source: Becoming Male in the Middle Ages. Edited by Jeffrey Jerome Cohen and Bonnie Wheeler . Garland Publishing, 1997. Exemplaria: A Journal of Theory in Medieval and Renaissance Studies , 9., 1 (Spring 1997): Pages 187 - 202.
Year of Publication: 1997.

65. Record Number: 2747
Author(s): Pedersen, Frederik.
Contributor(s):
Title : The York Cause Papers: A Reply to Jeremy Goldberg [reply by Frederik Pedersen to P.J.P. Goldberg's critique of Pedersen's earlier article on the York cause papers; he continues to argue that the data from the cause papers must be interpreted with great care].

Source: Continuity and Change , 12., 3 (December 1997): Pages 447 - 455.
Year of Publication: 1997.

66. Record Number: 1934
Author(s): Lansing, Carol.
Contributor(s):
Title : Gender and Civic Authority: Sexual Control in a Medieval Italian Town

Source: Journal of Social History , 31., 1 (Fall 1997): Pages 33 - 59.
Year of Publication: 1997.

67. Record Number: 6292
Author(s): Kinzelbach, Annemarie.
Contributor(s):
Title : wahnsinnige Weyber betriegen den unverstendigen Poeffel: Anerkennung und Diffamierung heilundiger Frauen und Männer, 1450 bis 1700

Source: Medizinhistorisches Journal , 32., ( 1997): Pages 29 - 56.
Year of Publication: 1997.

68. Record Number: 2428
Author(s): Sponsler, Claire.
Contributor(s):
Title : Outlaw Masculinities: Drag, Blackface, and Late Medieval Laboring-Class Festiviities

Source: Becoming Male in the Middle Ages. Edited by Jeffrey Jerome Cohen and Bonnie Wheeler . Garland Publishing, 1997. Medizinhistorisches Journal , 32., ( 1997): Pages 321 - 347.
Year of Publication: 1997.

69. Record Number: 2207
Author(s): Thomas, Hugh M.
Contributor(s):
Title : An Upwardly Mobile Medieval Woman: Juliana of Warwick [Juliana managed Countess Matilda's household (as "cameraria") and received gifts of land from her employer/patroness; Matilda also probably arranged Juliana's advantageous marriage with the wealthy knight, Nigel of Plumpton].

Source: Medieval Prosopography , 18., ( 1997): Pages 109 - 121.
Year of Publication: 1997.

70. Record Number: 2746
Author(s): Goldberg, P.J.P.
Contributor(s):
Title : Debate: Fiction in the Archive: the York Cause Papers as a Source for Later Medieval Social History [Goldberg critiques Frederik Pedersen's recent article "Demography in the Archives: Social and Geographical Gactors in fourteenth-century York Cause Paper Marriage Litigation;" he argues against Pedersen's social groupings of litigants and witnesses as well as for the significance and value of the demographic and social evidence contained in the York cause papers].

Source: Continuity and Change , 12., 3 (December 1997): Pages 425 - 445.
Year of Publication: 1997.

71. Record Number: 2510
Author(s): Wiethaus, Ulrike.
Contributor(s):
Title : Feminist Historiography as Pornography: St. Elisabeth of Thuringia in Nazi Germany

Source: Medieval Feminist Newsletter , 24., (Fall 1997): Pages 46 - 54.
Year of Publication: 1997.

72. Record Number: 2772
Author(s): Brunner, Karl.
Contributor(s):
Title : Leopold III. von Österreich. Wege zur Heiligkeit

Source: Homme: Zeitschrift für feministische Geschichtswissenschaft , 7., 1 ( 1996): Pages 34 - 45.
Year of Publication: 1996.

73. Record Number: 2773
Author(s): Rath, Brigitte.
Contributor(s):
Title : Im Reich der Topoi. Nonnenleben im mittelalterlichen Österreich zwischen Norm und Praxis

Source: Homme: Zeitschrift für feministische Geschichtswissenschaft , 7., 1 ( 1996): Pages 122 - 134.
Year of Publication: 1996.

74. Record Number: 2774
Author(s): Rath, Brigitte.
Contributor(s):
Title : ... und wolt das Schwert durch in stossen. Zur physischen Gewalt in Südtirol um 1500

Source: Homme: Zeitschrift für feministische Geschichtswissenschaft , 7., 2 ( 1996): Pages 56 - 69.
Year of Publication: 1996.

75. Record Number: 6304
Author(s): Rohlmann, Michael.
Contributor(s):
Title : Botticellis "Primavera". Zu Anlass, Adressat und Funktion von mythologischen Gemälden im Florentiner Quattrocento

Source: Artibus et historiae , 33., 17 ( 1996): Pages 97 - 132.
Year of Publication: 1996.

76. Record Number: 2770
Author(s): Schäfer, Daniel.
Contributor(s):
Title : Embryulkie zwishen Mythos, Recht und Medizin: Zur Überlieferungsgeschichte von Sectio in mortua und Embryotomie in Spätantike und Mittelalter

Source: Medizinhistorisches Journal , 31., 40241 ( 1996): Pages 275 - 297.
Year of Publication: 1996.

77. Record Number: 911
Author(s): Howell, Martha C.
Contributor(s):
Title : Fixing Movables: Gifts by Testament in Late Medieval Douai [The personal goods that women bequeathed to family, friends, and the poor carried social meaning and economic value].

Source: Past and Present (Full Text via JSTOR) 150 (Feb. 1996): 3-45. Link Info
Year of Publication: 1996.

78. Record Number: 6311
Author(s): Magirius, Heinrich.
Contributor(s):
Title : Architektur der Zisterzienserklöster in der Lausitz

Source: Cîteaux: Revue d'Histoire Cistercienne , 47., ( 1996): Pages 263 - 283.
Year of Publication: 1996.

79. Record Number: 6316
Author(s): Spiewok, Wolfgang.
Contributor(s):
Title : Ehe, Ehebruch und seine Folgen in mittelalterlicher Literatur und Wirklichkeit

Source: Sex, Love and Marriage in Medieval Literature and Reality: Thematische Beiträge im Rahmen des 31th [sic] International Congress on Medieval Studies an der Western Michigan University (Kalamazoo-USA) 8.-12. Mai 1996. Edited by Danielle Buschinger and Wolfgang Spiewok WODAN Bd. 69. Serie 3 Tagungsbände und Sammelschriften Actes de Colloques et Ouvrages Collectifs, 40. Reineke-Verlag, 1996. Cîteaux: Revue d'Histoire Cistercienne , 47., ( 1996): Pages 73 - 78.
Year of Publication: 1996.

80. Record Number: 2769
Author(s): Goetz, Hans-Werner.
Contributor(s):
Title : Nomen feminile: Namen und Namengebung der Frauen im frühen Mittelalter

Source: Francia , 23., 1 ( 1996): Pages 99 - 134.
Year of Publication: 1996.

81. Record Number: 6310
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Laien als Wohltäter der Zisterzienserinnen in Böhmen und Mähren im Licht der Urkunden

Source: Cîteaux: Revue d'Histoire Cistercienne , 47., ( 1996): Pages 115 - 134.
Year of Publication: 1996.

82. Record Number: 1725
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Crossing Borders: Gender, Geography, and Class Relations in Three "Serranillas" of the Marqués de Santillana [in each poem the male aristocrat narrator dominates the peasant woman with the implication of sexual conquest].

Source: Corónica , 25., 1 (Fall 1996): Pages 69 - 84.
Year of Publication: 1996.

83. Record Number: 814
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : David Herlihy (1930-1991)

Source: Renaissance studies : journal of the Society for Renaissance Studies , 10., 1 (March 1996): Pages 126 - 128.
Year of Publication: 1996.

84. Record Number: 907
Author(s): Martines, Lauro.
Contributor(s):
Title : Amour et histoire dans la poésie de la Renaissance italienne [love poetry was influenced by many factors including religious beliefs, local tensions, ambition, patronage, social class, and misogyny].

Source: Annales : Histoire, Sciences Sociales , 51., 3 (mai-juin 1996): Pages 575 - 603.
Year of Publication: 1996.

85. Record Number: 1168
Author(s): Nors, Thyra.
Contributor(s):
Title : Illegitimate Children and Their High-Born Mothers: Changes in the Perception of Legitimacy in Mediaeval Denmark [distinctions made between children born from arranged concubinage, secret liaisons, and relations between freemen and bondswomen; the Church censured illegitimacy, causing a steep decline in status].

Source: Scandinavian Journal of History , 21., 1 ( 1996): Pages 17 - 37.
Year of Publication: 1996.

86. Record Number: 514
Author(s): Hult, David F.
Contributor(s):
Title : Gaston Paris and the Invention of Courtly Love ["Personal, professional and ideological conflicts" in the discourse of Gaston Paris].

Source: Medievalism and the Modernist Temper. Edited by R. Howard Bloch and Stephen G. Nichols . Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996. Scandinavian Journal of History , 21., 1 ( 1996): Pages 192 - 224.
Year of Publication: 1996.

87. Record Number: 675
Author(s): Riddy, Felicity.
Contributor(s):
Title : Mother Knows Best: Reading Social Change in a Courtesy Text ["What the Goodwife Taught Her Daughter" embodies a bourgeois ethos that values respectability].

Source: Speculum (Full Text via JSTOR) 71, 1 (Jan. 1996): 66-86. Link Info
Year of Publication: 1996.

88. Record Number: 148
Author(s): Dufresne, Laura Rinaldi
Contributor(s):
Title : Christine de Pizan's "Treasure of the City of Ladies": A study of Dress and Social Hierarchy [in four illustrated manuscripts].

Source: Woman's Art Journal , 16., 2 ( 1995- 1996): Pages 29 - 34. Available through JSTOR.
Year of Publication: 1995- 1996.

89. Record Number: 163
Author(s): Dinn, Robert.
Contributor(s):
Title : Monuments Answerable to Men's Worth: Burial Patterns, Social Status, and Gender in Late Medieval Bury St. Edmunds

Source: Journal of Ecclesiastical History , 46., 2 (Apr. 1995): Pages 237 - 255.
Year of Publication: 1995.

90. Record Number: 256
Author(s): Watson, Laura.
Contributor(s):
Title : Disposal of Paston Daughters [Family plans for boarding and for marriage.]

Source: Sovereign Lady: Essays on Women in Middle English Literature. Edited by Muriel Whitaker . Garland Publishing, 1995. Journal of Ecclesiastical History , 46., 2 (Apr. 1995): Pages 45 - 62.
Year of Publication: 1995.

91. Record Number: 511
Author(s): Hammer, Carl I.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Handmaid's Tale: Morganatic Relationships in Early- mediaeval Bavaria [evidence from law codes and deeds].

Source: Continuity and Change , 10., 3 (Dec. 1995): Pages 345 - 368.
Year of Publication: 1995.

92. Record Number: 1618
Author(s): Vickers, Noreen.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Social Class of Yorkshire Medieval Nuns [evidence taken from charters, visitations, and wills].

Source: Yorkshire Archaeological Journal , 67., ( 1995): Pages 127 - 132.
Year of Publication: 1995.

93. Record Number: 1697
Author(s): Lorcin, Marie-Thérèse.
Contributor(s):
Title : Le "Livre des Trois Vertus" et le "sermo ad status"

Source: Une femme de Lettres au Moyen Age: Études autour de Christine de Pizan. Edited by Liliane Dulac and Bernard Ribémont . Paradigme, 1995. Yorkshire Archaeological Journal , 67., ( 1995): Pages 139 - 149.
Year of Publication: 1995.

94. Record Number: 8587
Author(s): Kennedy, Craig.
Contributor(s):
Title : Fathers, Sons, and Brothers: Ties of Metaphorical Kinship Between the Muscovite Grand Princes and the Tatar Elite [The author examines the connections established between Muscovite princes and Mongol allies. He argues that the hierarchy in family relationships was useful for conveying political status. Since both cultures gave similar meanings to birth order and age, it worked well. In some cases multiple connections (e.g. son and brother) were established when the relationship was somehwat ambiguous. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Harvard Ukrainian Studies , 19., ( 1995): Pages 292 - 301. Kamen' Kraeog "I'n": Rhetoric of the Medieval Slavic World: Essays Presented to Edward L. Keenan on His Sixtieth Birthday by His Colleagues and Students. Edited by Nancy Shields Kollmann, Donald Ostrowski, Andrei Pliguzov, and Daniel Rowland.
Year of Publication: 1995.

95. Record Number: 324
Author(s): Nicholas, David.
Contributor(s):
Title : Child and Adolescent Labour in the Late Medieval City: A Flemish Model in Regional Perspective

Source: English Historical Review (Full Text via JSTOR) 110 (Nov. 1995): 1103-1131. Link Info
Year of Publication: 1995.

96. Record Number: 438
Author(s): Howell, Martha.
Contributor(s):
Title : Rewriting Marriage in Late Medieval Douai [from emphasis on the conjugal pair to the interests of the next generation].

Source: Romanic Review , 86., 2 (March 1995): Pages 307 - 337. Special issue: The Production of Knowledge: Institutionalizing Sex, Gender, and Sexualiity in Medieval Discourse. Ed. by Kathryn Gravdal.
Year of Publication: 1995.

97. Record Number: 398
Author(s): McSheffrey, Shannon.
Contributor(s):
Title : Literacy and the Gender Gap in the Late Middle Ages: Women and Reading in Lollard Communities

Source: Women, the Book and the Godly: Selected Proceedings of the St. Hilda's Conference, 1993. Volume 1 [Volume 2: Women, the Book and the Worldly]. Edited by Lesley Smith and Jane H. M. Taylor . D.S. Brewer, 1995. Romanic Review , 86., 2 (March 1995): Pages 157 - 170.
Year of Publication: 1995.

98. Record Number: 177
Author(s): Haas, Louis.
Contributor(s):
Title : Mio Buono Compare: Choosing Godparents and the Uses of Baptismal Kinship in Renaissance Florence

Source: Journal of Social History , 29., 2 (Winter 1995): Pages 341 - 356.
Year of Publication: 1995.

99. Record Number: 271
Author(s): Oliva, Marilyn.
Contributor(s):
Title : Counting Nuns: A Prosopography of Late Medieval English Nuns in the Diocese of Norwich

Source: Medieval Prosopography , 16., 1 (Spring 1995): Pages 27 - 55.
Year of Publication: 1995.

100. Record Number: 31
Author(s): Stuard, Susan Mosher.
Contributor(s):
Title : Ancillary Evidence for the Decline of Medieval Slavery [Experience of women slaves in the countryside and in wealthy households counters the standard argument made about slavery. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Past and Present , 149 ( 1995): Pages 3 - 28. Republished in Considering Medieval Women and Gender. Susan Mosher Stuard. Ashgate Variorum, 2010. Chapter VII.
Year of Publication: 1995.

101. Record Number: 150
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Case of the Beata Simona: Iconography, Hagiography, and Misogyny in Three Paintings by Taddeo di Bartolo

Source: Art History , 18., 2 (June 1995): Pages 154 - 184.
Year of Publication: 1995.

102. Record Number: 464
Author(s): McDonald, R. Andrew.
Contributor(s):
Title : Matrimonial Politics and Core- Periphery Interactions in Twelfth- and Early Thirteenth- Century Scotland

Source: Journal of Medieval History , 21., 3 (Sept. 1995): Pages 227 - 247.
Year of Publication: 1995.

103. Record Number: 5036
Author(s): Mineo, E. Igor.
Contributor(s):
Title : Formazione delle élites urbane nella Sicilia del tardo medioevo: Matrimonio e sistemi di successione [Sicilian customs of inheritance recognized the rights of male and female kin and granted women wide property rights; by the fourteenth century the nobility favored the paternal line, but urban inheritances frequently followed customary norms; eventually the desire to conserve patrimony led to wider imitation of feudal practices, excluding daughters from inheriting; daughters were given dowries, and only sons could share in the family inheritance].

Source: Quaderni Storici , 1 (aprile 1995): Pages 9 - 41.
Year of Publication: 1995.

104. Record Number: 1983
Author(s): Keil, Gundolf.
Contributor(s):
Title : Folter als Regeneration. Zur Logik von Hexerei im Mittelalter

Source: Mediaevistik , 8., ( 1995): Pages 75 - 124.
Year of Publication: 1995.

105. Record Number: 3008
Author(s): Graña Cid, Maria del Mar and Ángela Muõz Fernández
Contributor(s):
Title : Mujeres y no ciudadanía. La relación de las mujeres con los espacios públicos en el bajo medievo castellano

Source: Arenal: Revista de Historia de las Mujeres , 2., 1 (January-June 1995): Pages 41 - 52.
Year of Publication: 1995.

106. Record Number: 391
Author(s): Chapoutot- Remadi, Mounira.
Contributor(s):
Title : Femmes dans la Ville Mamluke

Source: Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient , 38., 2 (May 1995): Pages 145 - 164.
Year of Publication: 1995.

107. Record Number: 850
Author(s): Jacobs, Ellen.
Contributor(s):
Title : Eileen Power (1889-1940) [biographical sketch of the economic and social historian].

Source: Medieval Scholarship: Biographical Studies on the Formation of a Discipline. Volume 1: History. Edited by Helen Damico and Joseph B. Zavadil . Garland Publishing, 1995. Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient , 38., 2 (May 1995): Pages 219 - 231.
Year of Publication: 1995.

108. Record Number: 512
Author(s): Pedersen, Frederik.
Contributor(s):
Title : Demography in the Archives: Social and Geographical Factors in Fourteenth- Century York Cause Paper Marriage Litigation

Source: Continuity and Change , 10., 3 (Dec. 1995): Pages 405 - 436.
Year of Publication: 1995.

109. Record Number: 92
Author(s): Shemek, Deanna
Contributor(s):
Title : Circular Definitions: Configuring Gender in Italian Renaissance Festival [races run by prostitutes in Ferrara's Palio di San Giogio].

Source: Renaissance Quarterly (Full Text via JSTOR) 48, 1 (Spring 1995): 1-40. Link Info
Year of Publication: 1995.

110. Record Number: 574
Author(s): Olson, Sherri.
Contributor(s):
Title : Families Have Their Fate and Periods: Varieties of Family Experience in the Pre-Industrial Village [case studies of twelve families in the village of Ellington. After 1350 there is a dramatic decrease in the number of women's names in the village records].

Source: The Salt of Common Life: Individuality and Choice in the Medieval Town, Countryside, and Church: Essays Presented to J. Ambrose Raftis. Edited by Edwin Brezette DeWindt Studies in Medieval Culture, 36. Medieval Institute Publications, Western Michigan University, 1995. Pages 409 - 448.
Year of Publication: 1995.

111. Record Number: 30
Author(s): Orme, Nicholas
Contributor(s):
Title : Culture of Children in Medieval England

Source: Past and Present (Full Text via JSTOR) 148 (Aug. 1995): 48-89. Link Info
Year of Publication: 1995.

112. Record Number: 1699
Author(s): Varty, Kenneth.
Contributor(s):
Title : Auour du "Livre des Trois Vertus" ou si rayson, droicture et justice faisaient des cours d'introduction à la civilisation française du moyen age? [author argues for the teaching of "Livre des Trois Vertus" to university students in French, history, and women's studies courses ; he highlights a number of topics in the text that are of interest to students].

Source: Une femme de Lettres au Moyen Age: Études autour de Christine de Pizan. Edited by Liliane Dulac and Bernard Ribémont . Paradigme, 1995. Pages 161 - 171.
Year of Publication: 1995.

113. Record Number: 63
Author(s): Bitel, Lisa M.
Contributor(s):
Title : Do Not Marry the Fat Short One: The Early Irish Wisdom on Women

Source: Journal of Women's History , 6., 4 (Winter/Spring 1995): Pages 137 - 159. (6, 4 / 7, 1)
Year of Publication: 1995.

114. Record Number: 341
Author(s): Coletti, Theresa.
Contributor(s):
Title : Ther Be But Women: Gender Conflict and Gender Identity in the Middle English Innocents Plays [role of mothers versus the male sphere of public authority]

Source: Mediaevalia , 18., ( 1995): Pages 245 - 261. (1995 (for 1992)) Published by the Center for Medieval and Early Renaissance Studies, State University of New York at Binghamton
Year of Publication: 1995.

115. Record Number: 114
Author(s): Larrington, Carolyne.
Contributor(s):
Title : Leizla Rannveigar: Gender and Politics in the Otherworld Vision [sinful woman's vision of hell and heaven].

Source: Medium Aevum , 64., 2 ( 1995): Pages 232 - 249.
Year of Publication: 1995.

116. Record Number: 1082
Author(s): Berg, Maxine.
Contributor(s):
Title : A Woman in History: Eileen Power and the Early Years of Social History and Women's History

Source: Chattel, Servant, or Citizen: Women's Status in Church, State, and Society. Edited by Mary O' Dowd and Sabine Wichert . Historical Studies 19. Papers Read Before the XXIst Irish Conference of Historians, Held at Queen's University of Belfast, 27-30 May 1993. Institute of Irish Studies, The Queen's University of Belfast, 1995. Medium Aevum , 64., 2 ( 1995): Pages 12 - 21.
Year of Publication: 1995.

117. Record Number: 232
Author(s): Wiesner-Hanks, Merry.
Contributor(s):
Title : Learned Task and Given to Men Alone: The Gendering of Tasks in Early Modern German Cities [division between production and reproduction].

Source: Journal of Medieval and Renaissance Studies , 25., 1 (Winter 1995): Pages 89 - 106.
Year of Publication: 1995.

118. Record Number: 34
Author(s): McKee, Sally.
Contributor(s):
Title : Households in Fourteenth-Century Venetian Crete

Source: Speculum (Full Text via JSTOR) 70 (1995): 27-67. Link Info
Year of Publication: 1995.

119. Record Number: 386
Author(s): Dutton, Anne M.
Contributor(s):
Title : Passing the Book: Testamentary Transmission of Religious Literature to and By Women in England, 1350-1500

120. Record Number: 445
Author(s): Parsons, John Carmi.
Contributor(s):
Title : Queen's Intercession in Thirteenth- Century England [contradictory nature of the queen's role as intercessor].

Source: Power of the Weak: Studies on Medieval Women. A selection of a papers presented at the annual conference of the Centre for Medieval Studies, University of Toronto, Feb. 1990. Edited by Jennifer Carpenter and Sally- Beth MacLean . University of Illinois Press, 1995. Pages 147 - 177.
Year of Publication: 1995.

121. Record Number: 1233
Author(s): Ettlinger, Helen S.
Contributor(s):
Title : Visibilis et Invisibilis: The Mistress in Italian Renaissance Court Society [a study of the highborn concubines of rulers primarily at the courts of Milan, Ferrara, and Rimini].

Source: Renaissance Quarterly (Full Text via JSTOR) 47, 4 (Winter 1994): 770-792. Link Info
Year of Publication: 1994.

122. Record Number: 2780
Author(s): Hirschmann, Frank G.
Contributor(s):
Title : Wo die Nonnen plieben, welche von Steinfeld ausgewichen sein. Auf den Spuren der Frauen vor dem Hintergrund der religiösen Bewegung des 12. Jahrhunderts

Source: Jahrbuch für westdeutsche Landesgeschichte , 20., ( 1994): Pages 37 - 54.
Year of Publication: 1994.

123. Record Number: 6335
Author(s): Wis, Marjatta.
Contributor(s):
Title : mîn her, mîn vrou gegenüber "monsieur, madame": Zur Verwendung des französischen Titels im Mittelhochdeutschen

Source: Neuphilologische Mitteilungen , 95., ( 1994): Pages 147 - 166.
Year of Publication: 1994.

124. Record Number: 24350
Author(s): Laughton, Jane.
Contributor(s):
Title : Women in Court: Some Evidence from Fifteenth-Century Chester [The author analyzes records from two Chester courts, the Portmote headed by the mayor and the Pentice presided over by the two city sheriffs. Analysis of Pentice rolls for 1431-32, 1459-60, and 1489-90 show women involved in 21% of cases. For both courts, women appear in a variety of roles including plaintiffs, pledges, traders and producers (many of them legally independent as "femmes soles"), debtors, thieves, and brawlers. Title note supplied by Feminae.]

Source: Harlaxton Medieval Studies , 4., ( 1994): Pages 89 - 99. Issue title: England in the Fifteenth Century: Proceedings of the 1992 Harlaxton Symposium
Year of Publication: 1994.

125. Record Number: 6301
Author(s): Ruhe, Doris.
Contributor(s):
Title : Etappen der Domestizierung: Geschlechterrollen im französischen Exemplum des Spätmittelalters

Source: Archiv für das Studium der neueren Sprachen und Literaturen , 231., 146 ( 1994): Pages 72 - 90.
Year of Publication: 1994.

126. Record Number: 1559
Author(s): Warren, Nancy Bradley.
Contributor(s):
Title : Objects, Possession, and Identity in the "Lais" of Marie de France [characters are most fully revealed when their possessions (ring, clothing, tapestry, etc.) figure in the action as markers for their true selves].

Source: Romance Languages Annual , 6., ( 1994): Pages 189 - 192.
Year of Publication: 1994.

127. Record Number: 1840
Author(s): Esposito, Anna.
Contributor(s):
Title : Ad dotandum puellas virgines, pauperes et honestas: Social Needs and Confraternal Charity in Rome in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries

Source: Renaissance and Reformation/Renaissance et Réforme New Series , 18., 2 ( 1994): Pages 5 - 18.
Year of Publication: 1994.

128. Record Number: 6324
Author(s): Schuster, Peter.
Contributor(s):
Title : "Sünde und Vergebung": Integrationshilfen für reumütige Prostituierte im Mittelalter

Source: Zeitschrift für Historische Forschung , 21., 2 ( 1994): Pages 145 - 170.
Year of Publication: 1994.

129. Record Number: 2779
Author(s): Classen, Albrecht.
Contributor(s):
Title : Die leidende und unterdrückte Frau im Roman des 15. Jahrhunderts. Zur Verfasserschaft des frühneuhochdeutschen Romans "Pontus und Sidonia." Forschungsbericht und Interpretation

Source: Germanic Notes and Reviews , 25., 1 ( 1994): Pages 9 - 24.
Year of Publication: 1994.

130. Record Number: 2808
Author(s): Mundal, Else.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Position of Women in Old Norse Society and the Basis for Their Power [author emphasizes the goading women in sagas who spur on the hero; the author suggests that women's power lay in being judges of men's honor].

Source: Nora: Nordic Journal of Women's Studies , 2., 1 ( 1994): Pages 3 - 11.
Year of Publication: 1994.

131. Record Number: 1978
Author(s): Goldberg, Jeremy.
Contributor(s):
Title : Women in Later Medieval English Archives [overview of the various kinds of original records available for the study of women in the subject areas of work, law, lifecycle, and religious devotion].

Source: Journal of the Society of Archivists , 15., 1 (Spring 1994): Pages 59 - 71.
Year of Publication: 1994.

132. Record Number: 11205
Author(s): Leyser, Conrad.
Contributor(s):
Title : Long-haired Kings and Short-haired Nuns: Writing on the Body in Caesarius of Arles [The rule of the convent of St. John’s, founded by Bishop Caesarius of Arles in 512, specifies that the nuns have short hair. Futhermore, the nuns’ hair must be no longer than the specific length of a certain mark written in the regula manuscripts themselves. This hair length mandate may have arisen out of a desire to distinguish people in monastic orders from the kings in Germaic cultures, who commonly wore long hair. Rather than being a misogynist requirement derived from Scriptural passages on women’s appearance, this hair rule encourages a monastic identification between men and women and builds a tightly-knight community of religious women that resists outside social pressures. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Studia Patristica , 24., ( 1993): Pages 143 - 150. Papers presented at the Eleventh International Conference on Patristic Studies held in Oxford 1991. Historica, Theologica et Philosophica, Gnostica
Year of Publication: 1993.

133. Record Number: 6389
Author(s): Guimbard, Catherine.
Contributor(s):
Title : Appunti sulla legislazione suntuaria a Firenze dal 1281 al 1384 [as the Florentine republic matured, it began to regulate women's dress and expenditures on private festivities to safeguard the stability of the commune; limitations on women's costume was part of a larger effort to moderate any personal expressions that might lead to public disorder; these laws diminished differences between classes without removing them; various arrangements were made for enforcing these laws, including assigning special magistrates to that work; sumptuary laws, however, could not prevent a growing trend toward self expression].

Source: Archivio Storico Italiano , 150., 551 ( 1992): Pages 57 - 81.
Year of Publication: 1992.

134. Record Number: 9528
Author(s): Mitchell, Linda E.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Lady is a Lord: Noble Widows and Land in Thirteenth-Century Britain [Independent noble widows were common in medieval England; many chose to remain single after the death of a husband, thereby holding large amounts of land and maintaining control over their families and their tenants. These women actively participated in the public sphere, and social class carried greater importance than gender in defining their roles. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Historical Reflections/ Reflexions historiques , 18., 1 (Winter 1992): Pages 71 - 97.
Year of Publication: 1992.

135. Record Number: 10527
Author(s): Opitz, Claudia.
Contributor(s):
Title : Life in the Late Middle Ages [The late-medieval era was a period of enormous change for women in work, family, life, and religion. Although women had an inferior legal status (laws limited their rights within the family and public sphere), some freedom did exist for women within marriage. Aristocratic women could be very influential because of their economic standing, middle class women could control household budgets, and rural women and wives of urban craftsmen sometimes had their status as laborers recognized. The author provides an overview of motherhood, fertility, contraception, women’s work (in rural and urban environments), and women’s participation in the fields of education, healing, health care, and crafts. Single women and widows could exert some power in their marginal positions. The author views convents as empowering institutions for women, although some people had anxieties about the status of women mystics. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: A History of Women in the West. Volume 2: Silences of the Middle Ages. Edited by Christiane Klapisch-Zuber . Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1992. Archivio Storico Italiano , 150., 551 ( 1992): Pages 267 - 317.
Year of Publication: 1992.

136. Record Number: 10677
Author(s): Olsen, Ulla Sander.
Contributor(s):
Title : Work and Work Ethics in the Nunnery of Syon Abbey in the Fifteenth Century [The author examines the Brigittine Rule and additional legislation for the nuns of Syon for sections dealing with manual labor. Saint Bridget originally declared that all sisters must work and there would be no "conversae" or servant sisters. However, the first nun at Syon refused to honor this provision. At the dissolution of Syon there were four lay sisters to do the heavy work. The nuns spent their work time doing embroidery and copying manuscripts. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Medieval Mystical Tradition in England: Exeter Symposium , 5., ( 1992): Pages 129 - 143.
Year of Publication: 1992.

137. Record Number: 10742
Author(s): Jacob, Robert.
Contributor(s):
Title : Mobilité sociale et coutumes familiales dans la France du nord et dans les Pays-Bas méridionaux [The author discusses broad trends in family strategies for marriage and inheritance. Jacob concludes that in the Low Countries conditions favored the natal family's interests over the marital couple in conserving wealth and social position. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Marriage and Social Mobility in the Late Middle Ages/Marriage et mobilité sociale au bas moyen-âge. Handelingen van het colloquieum gehouden te Gent op 18 april 1988. Edited by W. Prevenier Studia Historica Gandensia . Department of History of the Arts Faculty of the University of Gent, 1992. Historical Reflections/ Reflexions historiques , 18., 1 (Winter 1992): Pages 50 - 59. Second printing, revised and corrected by the editor
Year of Publication: 1992.

138. Record Number: 9498
Author(s): Johnson, Lynn Staley.
Contributor(s):
Title : Margery Kempe: social critic [The article considers Kempe as a socialcommentator, and discusses the way she uses her particular vision of social reality not only to support her spiritual biography, but to critique the community. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Journal of Medieval and Renaissance Studies , 22., 2 (Spring 1992): Pages 159 - 184.
Year of Publication: 1992.

139. Record Number: 11111
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Polycracy, Obligation, and Revolt: The Body Politic in John of Salisbury and Christine de Pizan

Source: Politics, Gender, and Genre: The Political Thought of Christine de Pizan. Edited by Margaret Brabant . Westview Press, 1992. Journal of Medieval and Renaissance Studies , 22., 2 (Spring 1992): Pages 33 - 52.
Year of Publication: 1992.

140. Record Number: 8634
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : A Cinderella Story from Byzantine Egypt: P. Cair. Masp. I 67089 and III 67294 [The article studies two documents in which a wealthy widower defends the status of his future wife, who is also the granddaughter of his family’s retainers. The author uses this story to rethink the problem of slavery in Byzantine Egypt. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Byzantion , 62., ( 1992): Pages 380 - 388.
Year of Publication: 1992.

141. Record Number: 8701
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : From Epic to Romance: Gender and Sexuality in the "Roman d’Enéas" [The author argues that the "Roman d’Enéas" represents a major ideological shift from epic to romance. Here the male hero is foregrounded at the expense of the group, and his bonds with other males are now mediated by women compliant to patriarchal values. The homophobic sentiments expressed by some of the characters spring from the underlying homosocial desire present throughout the romance. Feminist and queer theory form the framework for the author's reading. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Romanic Review , 83., 1 ( 1992): Pages 1 - 27.
Year of Publication: 1992.

142. Record Number: 8577
Author(s): Rosenthal, Joel T.
Contributor(s):
Title : Other Victims: Peeresses as War Widows, 1450-1500 [The author examines the lives of English war widows, who often suffered for their dead husbands' military and political disgraces. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Upon My Husband's Death: Widows in the Literature and Histories of Medieval Europe. Edited by Louise Mirrer Studies in Medieval and Early Modern Civilization . University of Michigan Press, 1992. Romanic Review , 83., 1 ( 1992): Pages 131 - 152. Originally published in History: The Journal of the Historical Association 72, 235 (1987): 213-230.
Year of Publication: 1992.

143. Record Number: 10240
Author(s): Provost, William.
Contributor(s):
Title : Margery Kempe and Her Calling [The author examines the relationship between one’s identity and vocation (job or personal calling) in Margery Kempe’s book. Compared to the medieval woman writer Julian of Norwich (who clearly presents herself as an anchoress) and Chaucer’s fictional Wife of Bath (whose very occupation is being a “wife”), Margery’s social role is indeterminate. She is neither a conventional wife nor a religious woman, and she confuses both her contemporaries and modern readers because she does not fit into any stable occupational category. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Margery Kempe: A Book of Essays. Edited by Sandra J. McEntire . Garland Publishing, 1992. Romanic Review , 83., 1 ( 1992): Pages 3 - 15.
Year of Publication: 1992.

144. Record Number: 10523
Author(s): Hughes, Diane Owen.
Contributor(s):
Title : Regulating Women’s Fashion [Obsession with fashion was not seen as a particularly feminine problem until the twelfth century, when it became common to condemn women for their appetite for fancy clothing. As commerce in cloth increased, excessive clothing became increasingly associated with women. Governments enacted sumptuary laws (specifying what styles and colors of clothes one could wear) in order to fix social rank and status through clothing. Bourgeois women who were able to adopt rich array and change clothes according to recent fashion trends threatened social hierarchies. In the later Middle Ages clothing began to take on new meanings; it was seen not only as a mark of social status but as a sign of virtue or sin. Women often evaded the clothing constraints forced upon them, thereby reordering social distinctions. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: A History of Women in the West. Volume 2: Silences of the Middle Ages. Edited by Christiane Klapisch-Zuber . Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1992. Romanic Review , 83., 1 ( 1992): Pages 136 - 158.
Year of Publication: 1992.

145. Record Number: 10251
Author(s): Wilson, Janet.
Contributor(s):
Title : Margery and Alison: Women on Top [The author reads the fifteenth-century mystic Margery Kempe and the fictional character of Alison (Chaucer’s Wife of Bath) as flamboyant women who both cross social boundaries and disrupt social norms. Although their voices are mediated through men (scribes in the case of Margery and the author Chaucer in the case of Alison), these women can be read as examples of the carnivalesque: They both challenge patriarchal authority and subvert social hierarchies through their parodic or theatrical speech. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Margery Kempe: A Book of Essays. Edited by Sandra J. McEntire . Garland Publishing, 1992. Romanic Review , 83., 1 ( 1992): Pages 223 - 227.
Year of Publication: 1992.

146. Record Number: 10525
Author(s): L’Hermite-Leclercq, Paulette.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Feudal Order [The eleventh and twelfth centuries were a time of unity and stability in Europe, but it is hard to determine whether living conditions for women improved during this era. Women from this period rarely speak in their own voices, and their history is mostly mediated by men. Although some claim that women outnumbered men during this time so that women were more highly valued, the author refutes this claim. Noble birth and upbringing may have brought certain advantages to some girls, but gender and class hierarchies limited their options in life. Geographical location, social rank, and economic class profoundly influenced the lives and occupations of women in all three feudal estates: aristocratic women, religious women, and peasant women (rural and urban). Title note supplied by Feminae.].

147. Record Number: 10521
Author(s): Vecchio, Silvana.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Good Wife [Pastoral literature aimed at women helped spread church doctrine on women’s duties in marriage, often using examples from the lives of virtuous Biblical figures like Sarah or of female saints. These writings and others (like sermons) support the Aristotelian doctrine of marriage as a relationship between unequal partners; the wife must be faithful and submit to the will of her husband. The article also provides an overview of social views on the role of the husband as master and guide to the wife and family as well as the wife’s supplemental role in household management and the education and raising of children. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

148. Record Number: 9527
Author(s): Banner, Lois.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Fashionable Sex, 1100-1600 [The bodies of young men were often eroticized in late medieval and early modern Europe. Men’s clothing emphasized parts of the body associated with male sexuality and power, with shoes emphasizing the feet, fitted tights and trousers highlighting the legs, and codpieces drawing attention to the genitals. Clothing also indicated social class; for instance, poulaines (long, slender shoes) were associated with aristocrats and broad, short shoes with peasants. Changes in warfare and in social attitudes influenced evolving male fashions. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: History Today , 42., (April 1992): Pages 37 - 44.
Year of Publication: 1992.

149. Record Number: 11069
Author(s): Camille, Michael.
Contributor(s):
Title : Gothic Signs and the Surplus: The Kiss on the Cathedral [The kiss was a sign with many meanings, and its symbolic significance in medieval visual and verbal representations is manifold. A sculpture on the West Front of Amiens Cathedral depicts the sin of lechery through the image of a man and woman kissing, yet the kiss did not always stand in for representations of sexual intercourse (legitimate or illicit). The kiss could have spiritual and allegorical significance (e.g., visual representations of the Song of Songs), legal force (e.g., feudal and courtly rituals), treacherous or transgressive overtones (e.g., representations of Judas and Christ or other same-sex couples kissing), mystical meanings, or devotional purposes (e.g., the kiss of peace). Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Yale French Studies (Full Text via JSTOR) (1991): 151-170. Special Editions: Style and Values in Medieval Art and Literature.Link Info
Year of Publication: 1991.

150. Record Number: 11204
Author(s): Baumer-Despeigne, Odette.
Contributor(s):
Title : Hadewijch of Antwerp and Hadewijch II; Mysticism of Being in the Thirteenth Century in Brabant [The poems of the female mystic Hadewijch of Antwerp, composed between 1220 and 1240, were revised and augmented by another beguine (member of a sisterhood of laywomen) a decade later. This collaboration reflects the contemporary social trend among laywomen in the Low Countries to voluntary take up a simple life of chastity and poverty without joining a religious order. Although the poems composed by the Hadewijchs are written in the language of the trouveres and courtly love, they express a deep spirituality and love for God (not men). Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Studia Mystica , 14., 4 (Winter 1991): Pages 16 - 37.
Year of Publication: 1991.

151. Record Number: 11215
Author(s): Winstead, Karen A.
Contributor(s):
Title : Piety, Politics, and Social Commitment in Capgrave’s "Life of St. Katherine" [Capgrave radically changes old conventions of sacred biographies by creating a new saint’s life. Interested in political, historical, and personal frameworks for martyrdom, Capgrave explores the saint’s limitations as a human and examines how her earth-bound social status affects her public involvement in the secular world. This worldly shift in the representation of the female martyr protagonist reflects the poet’s need to appeal to bourgeois women who were the primary audience for saint’s lives and pious tales. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Medievalia et Humanistica , 17., ( 1991): Pages 59 - 80.
Year of Publication: 1991.

152. Record Number: 11222
Author(s): Saller, Richard.
Contributor(s):
Title : European Family History and Roman Law

Source: Continuity and Change , 6., 3 (December 1991): Pages 335 - 346.
Year of Publication: 1991.

153. Record Number: 11801
Author(s): Strocchia, Sharon T.
Contributor(s):
Title : Funerals and the Politics of Gender in Early Renaissance Florence [The author shows that changing funeral practices in early Renaissance Florence intersected with political changes, and demonstrates that funerals became increasingly gendered rituals. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Refiguring Woman: Perspectives on Gender and the Italian Renaissance. Edited by Marilyn Migiel and Juliana Schiesari . Cornell University Press, 1991. Continuity and Change , 6., 3 (December 1991): Pages 155 - 168.
Year of Publication: 1991.

154. Record Number: 11202
Author(s): Fite, Patricia P.
Contributor(s):
Title : To “Sytt and Syng of Luf Langyng”: The Feminine Dynamic of Richard Rolle’s Mysticism [Richard Rolle combines masculine and feminine dimensions of spirituality in his mystical writings. He uses feminized language as an alternative to the discourse of clerical authority, invoking the language of “luf langyng” (yearning for love) to express the mystical union of body and soul and the intense desire for union with the divine. Rolle’s concept of spiritual integration and affinity with the feminine anticipates the psychic theories of Carl Jung. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Studia Mystica , 14., 40212 (Summer/Fall 1991): Pages 13 - 29.
Year of Publication: 1991.

155. Record Number: 10679
Author(s): Elliott, Dylan.
Contributor(s):
Title : Dress as Mediator Between Inner and Outer Self: The Pious Matron of the High and Later Middle ages [Clothing often served as a saint's way of signifying the discrepancy between her percieved social standing (according to secular values) and her own individual selfhood (one based on spiritual beliefs). For married female saints, clothing was an even more complex form of symbolism as it often thwarted the wife's expected subordination to her husband while also projecting an image of virginity which was at odds with a married social persona. During the later Middle Ages, clergy began to endorse efforts to restrict the clothing of laywomen in order to maintain husbands' supremacy over their pious wives. Title note supplied by Feminae.]

Source: Mediaeval Studies , 53., ( 1991): Pages 279 - 308.
Year of Publication: 1991.

156. Record Number: 11800
Author(s): Chojnacki, Stanley.
Contributor(s):
Title : “The Most Serious Duty”: Motherhood, Gender, and Patrician Culture in Renaissance Venice [The essay analyzes the gendered child-rearing roles of patrician families in republican Venice, and shows that women were able to work with or against the wishes of their husbands. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Refiguring Woman: Perspectives on Gender and the Italian Renaissance. Edited by Marilyn Migiel and Juliana Schiesari . Cornell University Press, 1991. Mediaeval Studies , 53., ( 1991): Pages 133 - 154. Republished in slightly altered form as “The Most Serious Duty”: Motherhood, Gender, and Patrician Culture. By Stanley Chojnacki. Women and Men in Renaissance Venice: Twelve Essays on Patrician Society. Johns Hopkins University Press, 2000. Pages 169-182. [Reprinted in The Italian Renaissance. Edited by Paula Findlen. Blackwell Publishing, 2002. Pages 173-191
Year of Publication: 1991.

157. Record Number: 10688
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : The Wife of Bath and the Revelour: Power Struggles and Failure in a Marriage of Peers [The Wife of Bath’s fourth marriage differs from her previous ones in one major respect: the fourth husband is her equal in terms of financial and social status, age, and temperament. The Wife’s uncharacteristic silence about her fourth husband and any disputes they may have had in marriage suggests that neither spouse fully dominated in the relationship. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Medieval Perspectives , 6., ( 1991): Pages 154 - 161.
Year of Publication: 1991.

158. Record Number: 11773
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Erotic Magic in Medieval Europe [The author argues that while medieval treatises on magic express a belief in the power of spells used to provoke and manipulate love and sex, medieval literature shows love as a force uncontrollable even by magic. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Sex in the Middle Ages: A Book of Essays. Edited by Joyce E. Salisbury . Garland Publishing, 1991. Medieval Perspectives , 6., ( 1991): Pages 30 - 55.
Year of Publication: 1991.

159. Record Number: 11223
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : The European Family and Canon Law

Source: Continuity and Change , 6., 3 (December 1991): Pages 347 - 360.
Year of Publication: 1991.

160. Record Number: 11221
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Christianity and Endogamy

Source: Continuity and Change , 6., 3 (December 1991): Pages 295 - 333.
Year of Publication: 1991.

161. Record Number: 11226
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Some Parallels in the Education of Medieval Jewish Women and Christian Women [An abstract precedes this essay in the journal.]

Source: Jewish History , 5., 1 (Spring 1991): Pages 41 - 51.
Year of Publication: 1991.

162. Record Number: 10682
Author(s): Ross, Ellen M.
Contributor(s):
Title : Spiritual Experience and Women's Autobiography: The Rhetoric of Selfhood in "The Book of Margery Kempe" [Kempe uses domestic and familial language as the dominant metaphors for describing her relationship with the divine and her mode of understanding, experiencing, and expressing the self. Not only does she use relational terms like "daughter," "mother," and "sister" to describe her connections to Christ and the Virgin Mary, but she also identifies herself with a tradition of holy women and, at other times, as a prophet. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Journal of the American Academy of Religion , 59., 3 (Fall 1991): Pages 527 - 546.
Year of Publication: 1991.

163. Record Number: 11227
Author(s): Grossman, Avraham.
Contributor(s):
Title : Medieval Rabbinic Views on Wife-Beating, 800-1300

Source: Jewish History , 5., 1 (Spring 1991): Pages 53 - 62.
Year of Publication: 1991.

164. Record Number: 11228
Author(s): Tallan, Cheryl.
Contributor(s):
Title : Medieval Jewish Widows: Their Control of Resources

Source: Jewish History , 5., 1 (Spring 1991): Pages 63 - 74.
Year of Publication: 1991.

165. Record Number: 11224
Author(s): Bonfield, Lloyd.
Contributor(s):
Title : Canon Law and Family Law in Medieval Western Christendom

Source: Continuity and Change , 6., 3 (December 1991): Pages 361 - 374.
Year of Publication: 1991.

166. Record Number: 11787
Author(s): Kooper, Erik.
Contributor(s):
Title : Loving the Unequal Equal: Medieval Theologians and Marital Affection [The author studies the theological and philosophical debate about equality in marriage, arguing that a number of commentators connected equality with Aristotelian notions of friendship. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: The Olde Daunce: Love, Friendship, Sex, and Marriage in the Medieval World. Edited by Robert R. Edwards and Stephen Spector . State University of New York Press, 1991. Continuity and Change , 6., 3 (December 1991): Pages 44 - 56.
Year of Publication: 1991.

167. Record Number: 12670
Author(s): Dufresne, Laura Rinaldi
Contributor(s):
Title : A Woman of Excellent Character: A Case Study of Dress, Reputation, and the Changing Costume of Christine de Pizan in the Fifteenth Century [The author surveys fifteenth century manuscript representations of Christine de Pizan. During her lifetime in manuscripts prepared under her supervision, Christine is presented in modest dress as befits a scirbe and court author. This is in keeping with the message of "Le Trésor" which emphasizes proper conduct for women of every social group. Manuscripts from later in the century, however, give her greater authority by depicting her in furs, elaborate headdresses, and other fashions of contemporary high-born ladies. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Dress: Annual Journal of the Costume Society of America , 17., ( 1990): Pages 104 - 117.
Year of Publication: 1990.

168. Record Number: 12737
Author(s): Saradi-Mendelovici, Helen.
Contributor(s):
Title : A Contribution to the Study of the Byzantine Notarial Formulas: The "infirmitas sexus" of Women and the "senatusconsultum Velleianum" [The author traces two notarial formulae that were commonly used in legal documents under Roman and Byzantine law: the “infirmitas sexus” (the legal designation of the inferiority of women as a natural characteristic) and the “senatusconsultum Velleianum” (a set of imperial provisions and restrictions imposed upon women). Both of these formulae appear in the middle to late Byzantine periods, where the Byzantine legislation perpetuates ancient restrictions on women’s legal capacities. The natural inferiority of women was often cited as the reason for why imperial legislation must protect and limit their actions. Appendix includes a list of relevant notarial documents in chronological order, including the parties involved , the notary who drew up the document, the location, and the legal formulation used. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Byzantinische Zeitschrift , 83., ( 1990): Pages 72 - 90.
Year of Publication: 1990.

169. Record Number: 12748
Author(s): Al-Heitty, Abd Al-Kareem.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Contrasting Spheres of Free Women and Jawari in the Literary Life of the Early Abbasid Caliphate [Women, both bond and free, contributed much to Arabic literary life in the courts of the Abbasid caliphs. The poetry of women poets illustrates the overlapping social spheres occupied by free noble women and jawari (female slaves or prisoners of war) in early Abbasid times. Women of the courts could play active roles in governance and education and also played a crucial role in majalis (courtly social gatherings) by composing and performing poetry or facilitating more serious assemblies for intellectual discussion. However, as the luxury of the court increased and the number of jawari in the court grew, noble born upper class women began to be subjected to more circumscribed social roles and strict moral codes. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Al-Masåq , 3., ( 1990): Pages 31 - 51.
Year of Publication: 1990.

170. Record Number: 12750
Author(s): LoPrete, Kimberly A.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Anglo-Norman Card of Adela of Blois [Adela occupied a high social status and power by virtue of her royal blood (she was the daughter of William the Conqueror), her role as the Countess of Blois, Chartres, and Meaux, and her position as the mother of Stephen, future King of England. She exerted authority as family head, accumulating land holdings and inheritance claims for the family by negotiating marriage alliances between her own family (the Thebaudians) and other powerful dynasties. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Albion , 22., 4 (Winter 1990): Pages 567 - 589.
Year of Publication: 1990.

171. Record Number: 12756
Author(s): Carrasco, Magdalena Elizabeth
Contributor(s):
Title : Spirituality in Context: The Romanesque Illustrated Life of Saint Radegund of Poitiers (Poitiers, Bibliotheque Municipale, MS 250)

Source: Art Bulletin , 72., 3 ( 1990): Pages 414 - 435.
Year of Publication: 1990.

172. Record Number: 12774
Author(s): Prevenier, Walter.
Contributor(s):
Title : Violence Against Women in a Medieval Metropolis: Paris Around 1400 [The author argues that fifteenth-century Parisian trial records attest to an everyday climate of danger and violence for single women living in the medieval metropolis. He discusses in detail the case of Ysablet des Champions, a widow who was raped by servants of the duke of Burgundy, and who went on to build a successful court case against her assailants. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Law, custom, and the social fabric in medieval Europe: essays in honor of Bryce Lyon. Edited by Bernard S. Bachrach and David Nicholas Studies in medieval culture . Medieval Institute Publications, Western Michigan University, 1990. Art Bulletin , 72., 3 ( 1990): Pages 263 - 283.
Year of Publication: 1990.

173. Record Number: 12799
Author(s): Meyer, Marc A.
Contributor(s):
Title : Early Anglo-Saxon Penitentials and the Position of Women [The author argues that, although women in Anglo-Saxon culture were subjugated to men, examining penitential books from the period reveals an elevation in the position and status of women in the family. Title note supplied by Feminae.]

Source: The Haskins Society Journal , 2., ( 1990): Pages 47 - 61.
Year of Publication: 1990.

174. Record Number: 12856
Author(s): Harley, David.
Contributor(s):
Title : Historians as Demonologists: The Myth of the Midwife-Witch [The author argues against the belief that midwives were frequently persecuted as witches throughout the medieval and early-modern periods. Article includes a summary. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Social History of Medicine , 3., 1 (April 1990): Pages 1 - 26.
Year of Publication: 1990.

175. Record Number: 12772
Author(s): Herlihy, David.
Contributor(s):
Title : Making Sense of Incest: Women and the Marriage Rules of the Early Middle Ages [The author discusses the Church’s vigorous marriage prohibitions, not only against consanguineous marriages, but also against marriage between persons related in ways other than by blood. He suggests that these prohibitions intended to reduce violence, ensure household harmony, and give fairer access to women. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Law, custom, and the social fabric in medieval Europe: essays in honor of Bryce Lyon. Edited by Bernard S. Bachrach and David Nicholas Studies in medieval culture . Medieval Institute Publications, Western Michigan University, 1990. The Haskins Society Journal , 2., ( 1990): Pages 1 - 16.
Year of Publication: 1990.

176. Record Number: 12869
Author(s): Tougher, Shaun
Contributor(s):
Title : Marginal Men, Marcabru and Orthodoxy: The Early Troubadours and Adultery [The author explores references to adultery in early troubadour verse in order to determine what models for marriage are represented there. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Medium Ævum , 59., 1 ( 1990): Pages 55 - 72.
Year of Publication: 1990.

177. Record Number: 12859
Author(s): Green, Monica H.
Contributor(s):
Title : Female Sexuality in the Medieval West [The author argues that sexuality may have meant something fundamentally different to women than to men in the Middle Ages, and suggests that we question whether our methodologies are adequate for the task of constructing a history of how sexuality was experienced by medieval women, rather than a history of how female sexuality was viewed by men. Title note supplied by Feminae.]

Source: Trends in History , 4., 4 ( 1990): Pages 127 - 158.
Year of Publication: 1990.

178. Record Number: 12764
Author(s): Kazhdan, Alexander P.
Contributor(s):
Title : Byzantine Hagiography and Sex in the Fifth to Twelfth Centuries [The author discusses the numerous erotic tales (often having to do with demonic temptation of saints) to be found within Byzantine hagiography. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Dumbarton Oaks Papers , 44., ( 1990): Pages 131 - 143.
Year of Publication: 1990.

179. Record Number: 12698
Author(s): Turner, Ralph V.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Children of Anglo-Norman Royalty and Their Upbringing [Although royals did demonstrate affection toward their children (both legitimate and illegitimate), aristocratic parents did not consider childcare their primary responsibility. Although noblewomen participated in the education of children, they saw other roles as more important: supervising household affairs, acting as regents when their husbands were away, giving birth to heirs, and negotiating marriage alliances for their sons and daughters. Many other people (including household servants, nurses, and relatives) shared the responsibility of childrearing. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Medieval Prosopography , 11., 2 (Autumn 1990): Pages 17 - 52.
Year of Publication: 1990.

180. Record Number: 12858
Author(s): Gibson, Mary S.
Contributor(s):
Title : Female Sexuality in Renaissance, Early Modern, and Modern Italy [The article groups the literature on the history of female sexuality into two periods in Italy's history, the first being Renaissance/early modern (1300-1750), the second being modern (1750-present). Title note supplied by Feminae.]

Source: Trends in History , 4., 4 ( 1990): Pages 159 - 185.
Year of Publication: 1990.

181. Record Number: 12773
Author(s): Chojnacki, Stanley.
Contributor(s):
Title : Marriage Legislation and Patrician Society in Fifteenth-Century Venice [The author discusses the role marriage played in shaping patrician society, and argues that new legislation defined the expectations and limits of the state’s role in marriage in fifteenth-century Venice. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Law, custom, and the social fabric in medieval Europe: essays in honor of Bryce Lyon. Edited by Bernard S. Bachrach and David Nicholas Studies in medieval culture . Medieval Institute Publications, Western Michigan University, 1990. Trends in History , 4., 4 ( 1990): Pages 163 - 184.
Year of Publication: 1990.

182. Record Number: 12693
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Flaws in the Golden Bowl: Gender and Spiritual Formation in the Twelfth Century [In twelfth century Western Europe, religious writers debated whether arrangements for men and for women in religious life were meant to be identical, equal, or separate. While works on religious formation and spiritual growth can present monastic values as gender neutral and some writings (like Abelard's letters to Heloise purport to praise the virtues of women, misogyny is nonetheless pervasive in monastic writings (women are aligned with carnality, loquacity, and curiosity). Moreover, gender plays an important role in differentiating the importance of chastity for men and for women, and gender profoundly affects how communal life and spiritual growth are represented. The Appendix offers a list of religious literature of formation produced between 1075 and 1225. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Traditio , 45., ( 1990): Pages 111 - 146. Republished in From Virile Woman to WomanChrist: Studies in Medieval Religion and Literature. By Barbara Newman. Middle Ages Series. University of Pennsylvania Press, 1995. Pages 19-45
Year of Publication: 1990.

183. Record Number: 12763
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Christian Marriage in Byzantium: The Canonical and Liturgical Tradition [The article provides an introduction to the canonical and liturgical traditions of marriage in Byzantium; the author also discusses the limitations and ideals of such Christian marriages. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Dumbarton Oaks Papers , 44., ( 1990): Pages 99 - 107.
Year of Publication: 1990.

184. Record Number: 12732
Author(s): Cohen, Esther and Elliott. Horowitz
Contributor(s):
Title : In search of the sacred: Jews, Christians, and rituals of marriage in the later Middle Ages [For many centuries, Jews lived among Christians in most of Europe, and despite religious differences there was much interaction between the two communities in the realm of public social rituals. Even though the two faiths had different philosophies on the purpose of marriage and ethical status of marital sex, Jewish and Christian weddings ran parallel in the gradual sacralization of what was originally a secular ritual and the development of distinct rituals for the remarriage of widows. The upper classes in Jewish and Christian communities approached the marriage ritual as a way to draw sharp distinctions between the two faiths, including the location and timing of the event and what visual elements or objects were used. However, the lower classes often shared more similarities in their ritual behaviors due to a larger degree of contact within a shared culture and common experience. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Journal of Medieval and Renaissance Studies , 20., 2 (Fall 1990): Pages 225 - 249.
Year of Publication: 1990.

185. Record Number: 12731
Author(s): Giladi, Avner.
Contributor(s):
Title : Some Observations on Infanticide in Medieval Muslim Society [Infanticide was a recognized practice in Arabia before the emergence of Islam, and although Muhammed denounced the practice in the Qu'ran, evidence from Qu'anic commentaries and hadith literature indicate that it persisted (even in post-Islamic Arabia) as a family planning strategy. For instance, a family under extreme economic pressure might allow an infant (especially a girl) to die soon after birth. Although Arab polytheists may have willingly sacrificed children (especially males, who were deemed most precious), Muslims viewed boys and girls as equals and on the whole rejected infanticide. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: International Journal of Middle East Studies , 22., 2 (May 1990): Pages 185 - 200.
Year of Publication: 1990.

186. Record Number: 12800
Author(s): Vaughn, Sally N.
Contributor(s):
Title : St. Anselm and Women [The author argues that St. Anselm's letters reveal that he admired women who were wives and mothers, and that he had many friendships with women, in particular, with Countess Ida of Boulogne. The author also discusses Anselm's relationship with his own m

Source: The Haskins Society Journal , 2., ( 1990): Pages 83 - 93.
Year of Publication: 1990.

187. Record Number: 12860
Author(s): McLaughlin, Megan.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Woman Warrior: Gender, Warfare, and Society in Medieval Europe [The article studies the small group of medieval women warriors, and considers its implications for gender and society. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Women's Studies , 17., 40241 ( 1990): Pages 193 - 209.
Year of Publication: 1990.

188. Record Number: 12790
Author(s): Jewell, Helen M.
Contributor(s):
Title : Women at the Courts of the Manor of Wakefield, 1348-1350 [The author studies the fourteenth-century manorial court rolls from Wakefield in order to study women’s involvement in petty crime, in landholding and civil pleas activities, and in miscellaneous entries which offer information about the economic and social standing of individual women. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Northern History , 26., ( 1990): Pages 59 - 81.
Year of Publication: 1990.

189. Record Number: 12735
Author(s): Garland, Lynda.
Contributor(s):
Title : Be Amorous, But Be Chaste…’: Sexual morality in Byzantine learned and vernacular romance [Aristocratic Byzantine readers enjoyed romances, which often derived tales of love and adventure from Hellenstic or ancient Greek influences and traditions. From the twelfth century onwards, authors of romances in Greek often borrowed themes from ancient pagan texts including the idea of passionate erotic love, yet unlike Classical authors, Byzantine writers strictly presented marriage as the ultimate goal to which all characters strive. Despite threats to their chastity, these romances featured heroes and heroines who remain chaste until the wedding ceremony that ends the story. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies , 14., ( 1990): Pages 62 - 120.
Year of Publication: 1990.

190. Record Number: 11192
Author(s): Harris, Barbara J.
Contributor(s):
Title : Property, Power, and Personal Relations: Elite Mothers and Sons in Yorkist and Early Tudor England [Women were often marginalized by patriarchal power structures that placed the father at the head of the family, but the birth of a son often elevated the wife’s position. Since the first son was greatly valued in a system of primogenitural inheritance, noble mothers often had close emotional ties to their sons. The political and social future of the family often rested on the mother’s ability to manage the household, display the family’s wealth and status, and negotiate marriages and other alliances for the family’s children. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society (Full Text via JSTOR) 15, 3 (Spring 1990): 606-632. Link Info
Year of Publication: 1990.

191. Record Number: 12738
Author(s): Gunnes, Erik.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Foundation of the Brigittine Monastery of Munkeliv, and its Struggle for Existence [Saint Michael’s monastery at Nordnes was one of Norway’s richest and exclusive monasteries before the Black Death. Although the monastery was founded by a Swedish nobleman named Sten Stenarsson, its location near the commercial town of Bergen, populated by many Germans, led to an increasing amount of German monks housed there. By the late fifteenth century the monastery was in decline and functioned as retirement residence for wealthy townspeople, and its last inhabitants were likely women from prominent Norwegian families. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Collegium Medievale , 3., 2 ( 1990): Pages 111 - 122.
Year of Publication: 1990.

192. Record Number: 12797
Author(s): Murray, Jacqueline.
Contributor(s):
Title : On the Origins and Role of 'Wise Women' in Causes For Annulment on the Grounds of Male Impotence [Article includes an abstract. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Journal of Medieval History , 16., 3 ( 1990): Pages 235 - 249.
Year of Publication: 1990.

193. Record Number: 32714
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Apostle John on the breast of Christ

Source: Social History of Medicine , 3., 1 (April 1990):
Year of Publication:

194. Record Number: 34917
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : The Story of Nastagio degli Onesti (Part III)

Source: Social History of Medicine , 3., 1 (April 1990):
Year of Publication: