Feminae: Medieval Women and Gender Index



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  • Title: Summer
  • Creator: Workshop of Giovannino de Grassi, painter
  • Description: The "Tacuinum sanitatis" was an eleventh-century health handbook written by Ibn Butlan of Baghdad. In it he presents the elements needed for a healthful and happy life. He considers the beginning part of the summer to be most healthful because it dissolves superfluities. In the fourteenth-century illustrated versions the emphasis is on picturing attractive scenes drawing on themes from courtly love, fashionable dress, and estate management for an idealized view of agriculture, food production, and healthy living. This picture depicts a man and woman harvesting grain in a field. In the foreground, another man stands crowned and decorated with wheat, perhaps as an embodiment of Summer.
  • Source: Wikimedia Commons
  • Rights: Public Domain
  • Subject (See Also): Agriculture Medical Manuscripts Work
  • Geographic Area: Italy
  • Century:
  • Date: 1390- 1400 (?)
  • Related Work: Tacuinum sanitatis, a medical treatise. Also known as the Theatrum sanitatis.
  • Current Location: Vienna, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, MS series nova 2644, fol. 54
  • Original Location:
  • Artistic Type (Category): Digital images; Manuscript Illuminations
  • Artistic Type (Material/Technique): Vellum (parchment); Paint
  • Donor: Layman; Probably commissioned by Giangaleazzo Visconti, Count of Milan, or nobility at his court.
  • Height/Width/Length(cm): //
  • Inscription:
  • Related Resources: Cathleen Hoeniger, "The Illuminated Tacuinum sanitatis Manuscripts from Northern Italy ca. 1380-1400: Sources, Patrons, and the Creation of a New Pictorial Genre." Visualizing Medieval Medicine and Natural History, 1200-1550. Edited by Jean A. Givens, Karen M. Reeds, and Alain Touwaide. Ashgate,2006. Pp. 51-81.