Feminae: Medieval Women and Gender Index

142 Record(s) Found in our database

Search Results

1. Record Number: 45229
Author(s): Eliezer son of Nathan, , and Elisheva Baumgarten
Contributor(s):
Title : Women as Business Partners

Source: Jewish Everyday Life in Medieval Northern Europe, 1080-1350: A Sourcebook. Edited by Tzafrir Barzilay, Eyal Levinson, and Elisheva Baumgarten. The text is introduced by Elisheva Baumgarten and comes from Sefer Ra’avan hu Even haEzer, vol. 1, Deblitzky edition (Bnei Brak, 2012), 431–32, §115 . 2022. Pages 63 - 64. The book is available open access: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/mip_teamsdp/9/
Year of Publication: 2022.

2. Record Number: 45230
Author(s): Meir of Rothenburg, , Rabbi, Elisheva Baumgarten and Nureet Dermer,
Contributor(s):
Title : Loans between Jewish Businesswomen

Source: Jewish Everyday Life in Medieval Northern Europe, 1080-1350: A Sourcebook. Edited by Tzafrir Barzilay, Eyal Levinson, and Elisheva Baumgarten. The text is introduced by Elisheva Baumgarten and Nureet Dermer and comes from Shut Maharam b. Barukh, vol. 2 ( Jerusalem: Makhon Yerushalaim, 2014), §425. . 2022. Pages 67 - 69. The book is available open access: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/mip_teamsdp/9/
Year of Publication: 2022.

3. Record Number: 43723
Author(s): Tompkins, Laura
Contributor(s):
Title : “Edward III’s Gold-Digging Mistress”: Alice Perrers, Gender, and Financial Power at the English Royal Court, 1360– 1377

Source: Imagining the Medieval Afterlife Edited by Richard Matthew Pollard . Cambridge University Press, 2020. Pages 59 - 72.
Year of Publication: 2020.

4. Record Number: 27618
Author(s): Farina, Lara
Contributor(s):
Title : Money, Books and Prayers: Anchoresses and Exchange in Thirteenth-century England [The author explores texts in the “Wooing Group,” analyzing the language of bargaining and exchange in the relationships the anchoress has both with Christ and her spiritual adviser. Title note supplied by Feminae.]

Source: Women and Wealth in Late Medieval Europe. Edited by Theresa Earenfight The New Middle Ages. . Palgrave Macmillan, 2010. Pages 171 - 185.
Year of Publication: 2010.

5. Record Number: 27619
Author(s): Dronzek, Anna
Contributor(s):
Title : Women and Property Conflicts in Late Medieval England

Source: Women and Wealth in Late Medieval Europe. Edited by Theresa Earenfight. The New Middle Ages. . Palgrave Macmillan, 2010. Pages 187 - 207.
Year of Publication: 2010.

6. Record Number: 29907
Author(s): Berman, Constance Hoffman
Contributor(s):
Title : Two Medieval Women’s Property and Religious Benefactions in France: Eleanor of Vermandois and Blanche of Castile

Source: Viator , 41., 2 ( 2010): Pages 151 - 182.
Year of Publication: 2010.

7. Record Number: 28318
Author(s):
Contributor(s): Jefferson, Lisa, translator
Title : “Fees: Alice Bridenelle, the daughter of Thomas Picot, the son of John Picot, the son of Nicholas Picot, sometime mercer of London, for a fee to make her free – 20s.” [1427-1428, folio 94v.] [Alice Bridenelle is the only woman (apart from widows) noted in these records as being admitted to the Mercers’ Company. Title note supplied by Feminae.]

Source: The Medieval Account Books of the Mercers of London: An Edition and Translation. Volume 1 Edited by Lisa Jefferson . Ashgate, 2009. Viator , 41., 2 ( 2010): Pages 384 - 385.
Year of Publication: 2009.

8. Record Number: 28319
Author(s):
Contributor(s): Jefferson, Lisa, translator
Title : “This ordinance was revised during the term of office of the aforesaid wardens… And it is fully agreed that all widows of the mistery who wish to live as a feme-sole and carry on the trade with their household, who are under the governance of the mistery, or those who are with husbands who are men of the same mistery and under its governance, shall enjoy the full benefit of the aforesaid ordinance.” [1417, folio 71v.]

Source: The Medieval Account Books of the Mercers of London: An Edition and Translation. Volume 1 Edited by Lisa Jefferson . Ashgate, 2009. Viator , 41., 2 ( 2010): Pages 296 - 299.
Year of Publication: 2009.

9. Record Number: 28320
Author(s):
Contributor(s): Jefferson, Lisa, translator
Title : “Fee for the admission of a woman: Memorandum, received from Alice Corsmaker for a fee for admission to the Silkwomen’s craft – 6s. 8d.” [1420-1421, folio 78v. bis] [For other entries about silkwomen, see pages 286-287 (money paid to Isabelle Bally and Maud Denton for silk fringe, 1415-1416) and Volume 2, pages 1012-1013 (money from silkwoman Isabelle Flete for the new windows in the mercers’ hall (1456) and torches given by a silkwoman named Gedge (1464). Title note supplied by Feminae.]

Source: The Medieval Account Books of the Mercers of London: An Edition and Translation. Volume 1 Edited by Lisa Jefferson . Ashgate, 2009. Viator , 41., 2 ( 2010): Pages 328 - 329.
Year of Publication: 2009.

10. Record Number: 28348
Author(s):
Contributor(s): Gallagher, Eric James, translator
Title : The prior of Holy Trinity of Ipswich was summoned to answer Alice Biccernut… [Item 651 from Ipswich concerns a suit brought by Alice Biccernut against the prior of Holy Trinity over a land dispute. The court found in the prior’s favor and charged Alice a fine which was “pardoned for the queen” (identified as Eleanor of Provence, wife of Henry III, by Eric Gallagher). Title note supplied by Feminae.)

Source: The Civil Pleas of the Suffolk Eyre of 1240. Edited by Eric James Gallagher Suffolk Records Society, 52. Boydell Press , 2009. Viator , 41., 2 ( 2010): Pages 133 - 134.
Year of Publication: 2009.

11. Record Number: 28349
Author(s):
Contributor(s): Gallagher, Eric James, translator
Title : The prioress of Campsey [Ash] presented herself… [Item 903 from the hundred of Blything concerns the women’s monastery of Campsey in Suffolk. The prioress entered a plea asking that William the Fleming discharge her from services and customs on the tenement she held from him. The services were demanded by the earl of Norfolk. For other cases involving the priory of Campsey see items 557 and 932. Title note supplied by Feminae.]

Source: The Civil Pleas of the Suffolk Eyre of 1240. Edited by Eric James Gallagher Suffolk Records Society, 52. Boydell Press , 2009. Viator , 41., 2 ( 2010): Pages 188 - 188.
Year of Publication: 2009.

12. Record Number: 28350
Author(s):
Contributor(s): Gallagher, Eric James, translator
Title : Adam Bulloc and Margery his wife claim against Matilda who was the wife of Adam… [Item 1006 from Ely concerns the woman Matilda whose claim to land was challenged by Adam and Margery Bulloc from whom Matilda’s husband had held the acres in villeinage. Matilda as a widow responded that she had wardship over her son John who was underage. The couple would need to wait until John was an adult before suing him for the land. Title note supplied by Feminae.]

Source: The Civil Pleas of the Suffolk Eyre of 1240. Edited by Eric James Gallagher Suffolk Records Society, 52. Boydell Press , 2009. Viator , 41., 2 ( 2010): Pages 208 - 208.
Year of Publication: 2009.

13. Record Number: 28351
Author(s):
Contributor(s): Gallagher, Eric James, translator
Title : Geoffrey de Say and Alina his wife claim against Alexander de Vallibus the advowson of the church of Cringlefor… [Item 153 from Cattishall is the first of several pleas in which Alina tried to recover her dower from a previous marriage to Hubert de Vallibus. See related items 475, 526, 727, and 1038. In these cases Alina did not recover any land, but Eric Gallagher cites evidence from the “Curia Regis” rolls that Alina and Geoffrey did win one plea eventually (p. xliii). Title note supplied by Feminae.]

Source: The Civil Pleas of the Suffolk Eyre of 1240. Edited by Eric James Gallagher Suffolk Records Society, 52. Boydell Press , 2009. Viator , 41., 2 ( 2010): Pages 21 - 21.
Year of Publication: 2009.

14. Record Number: 24048
Author(s): Berman, Constance Hoffman
Contributor(s):
Title : Noble Women's Power as Reflected in the Foundations of Cistercian Houses for Nuns in Thirteenth-Century Northern France: Port-Royal, les Clairets, Moncey, Lieu and Eau-lez-Chartres [The author examines five Cistercian female houses supported by Matilda of Brunswick, the Countess of the Perche; Matilda of Garlande, Lady of Marly; and Isabelle, Countess of Chartres with the help of her daughter, Matilda of Amboise. Berman argues that these actions reveal the power and authority women exercised and need to be incorporated into the historical narrative. Title note supplied by Feminae.]

Source: Negotiating Community and Difference in Medieval Europe: Gender, Power, Patronage, and the Authority of Religion in Latin Christendom. Edited by Katherine Allen Smith and Scott Wells Studies in the History of Christian Traditions . Brill, 2009. Viator , 41., 2 ( 2010): Pages 137 - 149.
Year of Publication: 2009.

15. Record Number: 23908
Author(s): van Bavel, Bas and Oscar Gelderblom
Contributor(s):
Title : Land of Milk and Butter: The Economic Origins of Cleanliness in the Dutch Golden Age

Source: Journal of Economic History , 68., 2 ( 2008): Pages 606
Year of Publication: 2008.

16. Record Number: 14604
Author(s): Carbonetti Vendittelli, Cristina.
Contributor(s):
Title : In registro di entrate e uscite del convento domenicano di San Sisto negli anni 1369-1381 [Dominican friars kept administrative records for the nuns of San Sisto Vecchio, as well as for their convent at the same church. These records occasionally reflect records kept by the nuns themselves. The accounting of income reflects the economic base of the two houses, including from land held for the nuns and gifts given by their friends and kin. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Economia e societa a Roma tra Medioevo e Rinascimento: Studi dedicati ad Arnold Esch. Edited by Anna Esposito and Luciano Palermo . Viella, 2005. Journal of Economic History , 68., 2 ( 2008): Pages 83 - 121.
Year of Publication: 2005.

17. Record Number: 14144
Author(s): Stuard, Susan Mosher.
Contributor(s):
Title : Marriage Gifts and Fashion Mischief [Susan Mosher Stuard in "Marriage Gifts and Fashion Mischief" details Italian wedding transactions, including the Lombard "male dowry," and the Roman bride's fiscal gift to her husband. She links the increasing pressure from husbands to receive liquid ass

Source: The Medieval Marriage Scene: Prudence, Passion, Policy. Edited by Sherry Roush and Cristelle L. Baskins . Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies, 2005. Journal of Economic History , 68., 2 ( 2008): Pages 169 - 185. Republished in Considering Medieval Women and Gender. Susan Mosher Stuard. Ashgate Variorum, 2010. Chapter V.
Year of Publication: 2005.

18. Record Number: 14142
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : The Dilemma of the Widow of Property for Late Medieval London [The author argues that wealthy widows, with both capital and property, served as conduits of wealth. Widows tended to remarry within the same social group to which their previous husbands had belonged, strengthening guild and status solidarities. Title n

19. Record Number: 10879
Author(s): Guzzetti, Linda.
Contributor(s):
Title : Women's Inheritance and Testamentary Practices in Late Fourteenth- and Early Fifteenth-Century Venice and Ghent

Source: The Texture of Society: Medieval Women in the Southern Low Countries. Edited by Ellen E. Kittell and Mary A. Suydam . Palgrave Macmillan, 2004. Journal of Economic History , 68., 2 ( 2008): Pages 79 - 108.
Year of Publication: 2004.

20. Record Number: 12610
Author(s): Ashley, Kathleen.
Contributor(s):
Title : Material and Symbolic Gift-Giving: Clothes in English and French Wills [The practice of bequeathing clothing to friends, relatives, and others in one’s will was common in late medieval and Early Modern England and France. Major differences in how clothing is dispensed in the wills arise not when one compares the gender of particular testators but the socioeconomic class of the individual. Among lower class people, items of clothing function as commodities (objects of use or value to be passed along), but for bourgeois and aristocratic people clothing carries both material and symbolic value. In these social classes, giving clothing can signify a sentimental attachment to a person or it can constitute a spiritual act of almsgiving. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Medieval Fabrications: Dress, Textiles, Clothwork, and Other Cultural Imaginings. Edited by E. Jane Burns . Palgrave, 2004. Journal of Economic History , 68., 2 ( 2008): Pages 137 - 146.
Year of Publication: 2004.

21. Record Number: 14095
Author(s): Reimann, Heike.
Contributor(s):
Title : Cistercian Nuns in the High Middle Ages: The Cistercians of Bergen in the Principality of Rügen (North Germany)

Source: Cîteaux: Revue d'Histoire Cistercienne , 55., 40241 ( 2004): Pages 231 - 244.
Year of Publication: 2004.

22. Record Number: 14633
Author(s): Clear, Matthew J.
Contributor(s):
Title : Maria of Hungary as Queen, Patron, and Exemplar [The author considers Mary of Hungary's areas of influence including her role as regent ("vicar") during her husband's absences, her economic resources for political and religious activities, and her importance to her many family members as a support and a role model. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: The Church of Santa Maria Donna Regina: Art, Iconography, and Patronage in Fourteenth-Century Naples. Edited by Janis Elliott and Cordelia Warr . Ashgate, 2004. Cîteaux: Revue d'Histoire Cistercienne , 55., 40241 ( 2004): Pages 45 - 60.
Year of Publication: 2004.

23. Record Number: 23752
Author(s): Holanie, Jean
Contributor(s):
Title : Apprenticeship Contract for Cecilia, Daughter of Johannes Petri: Folio 56v, dated 14 October 1327

Source: Medieval Notaries and their Acts: The 1327-1328 Register of Jean Holanie. Edited by Kathryn L. Reyerson and Debra A. Salata Documents of Practice . TEAMS (The Consortium for the Teaching of the Middle Ages), Medieval Institute Publications, 2004. Cîteaux: Revue d'Histoire Cistercienne , 55., 40241 ( 2004): Pages 40
Year of Publication: 2004.

24. Record Number: 12608
Author(s): Karras, Ruth Mazo.
Contributor(s):
Title : “This Skill in a Woman is By No Means to Be Despised”: Weaving and the Gender Division of Labor in the Middle Ages [Throughout the Middle Ages, cloth production was a respectable and even prestigious occupation for women. Women’s work was often devalued in comparison to that of men, but cloth production had great cultural importance. While women involved in other professions (like brewsters) came to be perceived negatively as their participation in urban and commercial life increased, the respectability of women weavers endured. Men eventually assumed control over the commercial production and trade of cloth in the later Middle Ages, yet the idea of women’s weaving remained an important concept in literary texts and in society as a whole. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

25. Record Number: 9651
Author(s): Kuehn, Thomas.
Contributor(s):
Title : Family Solidarity in Exile and in Law: Alberti Lawsuits of the Early Quattrocento [The author examines two legal cases brought by the Alberti family in the early fifteenth century. Various members of the family were exiled from Florence for plotting against the government. In some cases Alberti wives were left in Florence to manage wha

Source: Speculum , 78., 2 (April 2003): Pages 421 - 439.
Year of Publication: 2003.

26. Record Number: 10963
Author(s): Strocchia, Sharon T.
Contributor(s):
Title : Taken into Custody: Girls and Convent Guardianship in Renaissance Florence

Source: Renaissance studies : journal of the Society for Renaissance Studies , 17., 2 (June 2003): Pages 177 - 200.
Year of Publication: 2003.

27. Record Number: 8070
Author(s): French, Kathrine L.
Contributor(s):
Title : Women in the Late Medieval English Parish [The author argues that parish guilds in England were important because they gave women the opportunity to join single-sex organizations that were approved by the community. Women took leadership roles and created activities and rituals that were meaningful for their lives. While generally reinforcing accepted gender behaviors, customs like Hocktide (in which women held men captive for ransom-contributions to the parish) made authorities uneasy. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Gendering the Master Narrative: Women and Power in the Middle Ages. Edited by Mary C. Erler and Maryanne Kowaleski . Cornell University Press, 2003. Renaissance studies : journal of the Society for Renaissance Studies , 17., 2 (June 2003): Pages 156 - 173.
Year of Publication: 2003.

28. Record Number: 11827
Author(s): Manzalaoui, Mahmoud A.
Contributor(s):
Title : English Medieval Nunneries: Buildings, Precincts, and Estates [The author surveys both archaeological and textual monastic buildings and estates. Bond concludes that women's houses, unlike men's monasteries, were not distinctive according to religious order. They tend to be poorer and were usually not able to increase their holdings after the twelfth century. Bond describes all the different kinds of buildings involved including churches, gatehouses, cloisters, refectories, bake houses, and barns. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Women and Religion in Medieval England. Edited by Diana Wood . Oxbow Books, 2003. Renaissance studies : journal of the Society for Renaissance Studies , 17., 2 (June 2003): Pages 46 - 90.
Year of Publication: 2003.

29. Record Number: 11947
Author(s): Huneycutt, Lois L.
Contributor(s):
Title : Alianora Regina Anglorum: Eleanor of Aquitaine and Her Anglo-Norman Predecessors as Queens of England [The author analyzes four queens: Matilda of Flanders, wife of William I the Conqueror; Matilda of Scotland, wife of Henry I; Adeliza of Louvain, wife of Henry I; and Matilda of Boulogne, wife of Stephen of England. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Eleanor of Aquitaine: Lord and Lady. Edited by Bonnie Wheeler and John Carmi Parsons The New Middle Ages . Palgrave Macmillan, 2003. Renaissance studies : journal of the Society for Renaissance Studies , 17., 2 (June 2003): Pages 115 - 132.
Year of Publication: 2003.

30. Record Number: 8072
Author(s): Rees Jones, Sarah.
Contributor(s):
Title : Women's Influence on the Design of Urban Homes [The author argues that home ownership was more important to women than to men. Houses provided security, status, and a means for earning income. The physical environment of the home shaped the bourgeois ideal of female domesticity. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

31. Record Number: 6198
Author(s): Archer, Janice
Contributor(s):
Title : Watching Women Work in Late Thirteenth-Century Paris: Official and Unofficial Visibility

Source: Seeing Gender: Perspectives on Medieval Gender and Sexuality. Gender and Medieval Studies Conference, King's College, London, January 4-6, 2002. . 2002. Renaissance studies : journal of the Society for Renaissance Studies , 17., 2 (June 2003):
Year of Publication: 2002.

32. Record Number: 10516
Author(s): Rasmussen, Linda.
Contributor(s):
Title : Order, Order! Determining Order in Medieval English Nunneries [The author examines Stamford Priory, a house for women founded around 1160, as a case study for the importance of monastic affiliation. At various points the prioress petitioned for tax relief based on poverty and the priory's affiliation as a Cistercian house. At the same time the male Benedictine monastery at Peterborough, Stamford's patron, successfully resisted Stamford's efforts to stop paying fees to the large Benedictine house. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Our Medieval Heritage: Essays in Honour of John Tillotson for His 60th Birthday. Edited by Linda Rasmussen, Valerie Spear, and Dianne Tillotson . Merton Priory Press, 2002. Renaissance studies : journal of the Society for Renaissance Studies , 17., 2 (June 2003): Pages 30 - 49.
Year of Publication: 2002.

33. Record Number: 8060
Author(s): McMillin, Linda.
Contributor(s):
Title : Anonymous Lives: Documents from the Benedictine Convent of Sant Pere de les Puelles [The author introduces three documents from a monastic archive in Barcelona. They all concern women who are disposing of financial assets, either through a will or through donations to the monastery upon becoming a nun there. In all three cases the women went to some length to ensure that their wishes would be obeyed. Latin texts of the documents along with English translations follow. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Women Writing Latin from Roman Antiquity to Early Modern Europe. Volume 2: Medieval Women Writing Latin. Edited by Laurie J. Churchill, Phyllis R. Brown, and Jane E. Jeffrey . Routledge, 2002. Renaissance studies : journal of the Society for Renaissance Studies , 17., 2 (June 2003): Pages 265 - 280.
Year of Publication: 2002.

34. Record Number: 11057
Author(s): Conlon, Lynda.
Contributor(s):
Title : Women in Medieval Dublin: Their Legal Rights and Economic Power [The author surveys women's activities in three areas: the ability to control and bequeath land, the practice of using wills to give possessions and property to family and friends, and opportunities to participate in the workforce (particularly in regard to brewing and guilds). Conlon argues that in all of these areas women sometimes had some power but there were usually restrictions and conditions placed upon them due to their gender. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Medieval Dublin IV: proceedings of the Friends of Medieval Dublin Symposium 2002. Edited by Seán Duffy . Four Courts, 2002. Renaissance studies : journal of the Society for Renaissance Studies , 17., 2 (June 2003): Pages 172 - 192.
Year of Publication: 2002.

35. Record Number: 8284
Author(s): Lacarra Lanz, Eukene.
Contributor(s):
Title : Changing Boundaries of Licit and Illicit Unions: Concubinage and Prostitution [The author provides an historical overview of concubinage and prostitution. Topics discussed include Church views, efforts to distinguish "honest" women from dishonest ones, municipal brothels, legalization of prostitution, and the economics of prostitution. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Marriage and Sexuality in Medieval and Early Modern Iberia. Hispanic Issues, Volume 26. Edited by Eukene Lacarra Lanz . Routledge, 2002. Renaissance studies : journal of the Society for Renaissance Studies , 17., 2 (June 2003): Pages 158 - 194.
Year of Publication: 2002.

36. Record Number: 10209
Author(s): Laiou, Angeliki E.
Contributor(s):
Title : Women in the Marketplace of Constantinople 10th - 14th Centuries [The author surveys the evidence for women's activities in the market as hawkers, shop owners, investors, textile workers, and other roles. Laiou also explores the links between these economic activities and both dowry and family networks. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Byzantine Constantinople: Monuments, Topography, and Everyday Life. Edited by Nevra Necipoglu. The Medieval Mediterranean: Peoples, Economies, and Cultures, 400-1453, Volume 33 Medieval Mediterranean, 33. Brill, 2001. Speculum , 76., 2 (April 2001): Pages 261 - 273.
Year of Publication: 2001.

37. Record Number: 6449
Author(s): Spear, Valerie.
Contributor(s):
Title : A Canterbury Lament [the author analyzes a petition (transcribed and translated in the Appendix) sent from prioresses and abbesses to the king complaining about the advantages their ecclesiastical guardians were taking of them, charging them unfair fees and forcing them to take in new nuns when they had neither the space nor the money for them; the author argues that the petition demonstrates how the nuns could appropriate both religious and non-religious discourse to try to remedy their situation].

Source: Parergon: Journal of the Australian and New Zealand Association for Medieval and Early Modern Studies, New Series , 18., 3 (July 2001): Pages 15 - 36.
Year of Publication: 2001.

38. Record Number: 7867
Author(s): Hatcher, John.
Contributor(s):
Title : Debate: "Women's Work Reconsidered: Gender and Wage Differentiation in Late Medieval England" [The author responds to Sandy Bardsley's article "Women's Work Reconsidered," "Past and Present," 165 (November 1999): 3-29. He argues that differences in wage rates for men and women in agricultural work was based on some men's greater strength and height. Furthermore he suggests that the weight of custom was less heavy in rural labor markets where women's work was needed and valued. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Past and Present , 173., (November 2001): Pages 191 - 202.
Year of Publication: 2001.

39. Record Number: 7868
Author(s): Bardsley, Sandy.
Contributor(s):
Title : Reply [The author replies to John Hatcher's critique ("Debate: 'Women's Work Reconsidered: Gender and Wage Differentiation in Late Medieval England,'" "Past and Present," 173 (November 2001): 191-202) of her article ("Women's Work Reconsidered," "Past and Present," 165 (November 1999): 3-29). She offers three reservations about his argument: 1) Strength is not the only factor for physical labor; Hatcher did not consider stamina; 2) The gap between men's and women's wages persists even in areas that rely less or not at all on physical strength ; 3) Gaps between women's and men's wages vary over time and place. The author concludes by affirming that gender was a factor in determining wages in rural late medieval England. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Past and Present , 173., (November 2001): Pages 199 - 202.
Year of Publication: 2001.

40. Record Number: 5818
Author(s): Payling, S. J.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Economics of Marriage in Late Medieval England: The Marriage of Heiresses

Source: Economic History Review , 54., 3 (August 2001): Pages 413 - 429.
Year of Publication: 2001.

41. Record Number: 6034
Author(s): Coletti, Theresa.
Contributor(s):
Title : Paupertas est donum Dei: Hagiography, Lay Religion, and the Economics of Salvation in the Digby "Mary Magdalene" [the author argues that the Digby playwright uses Mary Magdalene to bring into relief questions of salvation for those with landed wealth and in commerce; Mary Magdalene's emphasis on poverty and charity does not question the social order but gives merchants and the gentry opportunities for spiritual benefit by donating to the poor and by striving to be themselves poor in spirit].

Source: Speculum , 76., 2 (April 2001): Pages 337 - 378.
Year of Publication: 2001.

42. Record Number: 6747
Author(s): Chojnacki, Stanley.
Contributor(s):
Title : Getting Back the Dowry: Venice, c. 1360-1530 [the author explores the dowry system for the elite in Venice; he is particularly interested in the relationships within natal and marital families both in terms of widows seeking dowry restitution and for husbands-to-be seeking ways to guarantee their brides' dowries; in both cases the dowry system made women active and vital participants in familial networks].

Source: Time, Space, and Women's Lives in Early Modern Europe. Edited by Anne Jackson Schutte, Thomas Kuehn, and Silvana Seidel Menchi Sixteenth Century Essays and Studies, 57. Truman State University Press, 2001. Speculum , 76., 2 (April 2001): Pages 77 - 96. Republished as Getting Back the Dowry. By Stanley Chojnacki. Women and Men in Renaissance Venice: Twelve Essays on Patrician Society. Johns Hopkins University Press, 2000. Pages 95-111.
Year of Publication: 2001.

43. Record Number: 5014
Author(s): Finke, Laurie A. and Martin B. Shichtman
Contributor(s):
Title : Magical Mistress Tour: Patronage, Intellectual Property, and the Dissemination of Wealth in the "Lais" of Marie de France

Source: Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society (Full Text via JSTOR) 25, 2 (Winter 2000): 479-503. Link Info
Year of Publication: 2000.

44. Record Number: 4137
Author(s): Williams, Bermadette.
Contributor(s):
Title : She Was Usually Placed with the Great Men and Leaders of the Land in the Public Assemblies- Alice Kyteler: A Woman of Considerable Power [her step-children accused her of witchcraft ; Richard Ledrede, Bishop of Ossory, doggedly pursued her].

Source: Women in Renaissance and Early Modern Europe. Edited by Christine Meek . Four Courts Press, 2000. Journal of Medieval History , 26., 1 (March 2000): Pages 67 - 83.
Year of Publication: 2000.

45. Record Number: 4637
Author(s): Gibbons, Rachel C.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Queen as "Social Mannequin." Consumerism and Expenditure at the Court of Isabeau of Bavaria, 1393- 1422

Source: Journal of Medieval History , 26., 4 (December 2000): Pages 371 - 395.
Year of Publication: 2000.

46. Record Number: 4747
Author(s): Devroey, Jean-Pierre.
Contributor(s):
Title : Men and Women in Early Medieval Serfdom: The Ninth-Century North Frankish Evidence [the author takes issue with Susan Stuard's article "Ancillary Evidence for the Decline of Medieval Slavery" in Past and Present 149 (November 1995): 3-28; he argues that the unfree had obligations to their masters but were not in total subjection; the "ancilla" was more likely to suffer sexual abuse but that "was not determined by the juridical status of the women" page 30].

Source: Past and Present , 166., (February 2000): Pages 3 - 30.
Year of Publication: 2000.

47. Record Number: 5448
Author(s): Bridgeman, Jane.
Contributor(s):
Title : Pagare le pompe: Why Quattrocento Sumptuary Laws Did Not Work [the author argues that given the very high costs for fabric, especially luxury fabrics, sumptuary laws were intended as a supplementary taxation on the wealthy; instead of forbidding costly attire, the system gave those of high status the opportunity to dress opulently by paying fines].

Source: Women in Italian Renaissance Culture and Society. Edited by Letizia Panizza . European Humanities Research Centre, University of Oxford, 2000. Past and Present , 166., (February 2000): Pages 209 - 226.
Year of Publication: 2000.

48. Record Number: 5447
Author(s): Meek, Christine.
Contributor(s):
Title : Women Between the Law and Social Reality in Early Renaissance Lucca [The author examines cases in which women claimed their dowries, either because their husbands had died or because their husbands' finances were very precarious].

49. Record Number: 9538
Author(s): Phillips, Kim Marie.
Contributor(s):
Title : Where Should We Be Going with Medieval Women and Gender? [In this review essay the author considers the current state of medieval women's history in general and as reflected in two new books (Mavis E. Mate, "Daughters, Wives, and Widows after the Black Death" (Boydell, 1998) and Barbara A. Hanawalt, "Of Good and Ill Repute: Gender and Social Control in Medieval England" (Oxford University Press, 1998)). Phillips finds the books disappointing, arguing that one of the books does not tackle important questions while the other sometimes skips the hard archival research necessary for her topics. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Journal of British Studies , 39., 2 (April 2000): Pages 241 - 247.
Year of Publication: 2000.

50. Record Number: 5866
Author(s): Galloway, Penelope.
Contributor(s):
Title : Life, Learning, and Wisdom: The Forms and Functions of Beguine Education [the author briefly considers the kinds of education offered to young students in beguinages in Douai and Lille; she goes on to consider the many different responsibilities that beguines had to undertake in the urban economy, from accountants to landlords and nurses to traders in cloth; the variety of jobs and extent of beguine economic success argue for a very good system of training and education for the beguines themselves].

Source: Medieval Monastic Education. Edited by George Ferzoco and Carolyn Muessig . Leicester University Press, 2000. Journal of British Studies , 39., 2 (April 2000): Pages 153 - 167.
Year of Publication: 2000.

51. Record Number: 4635
Author(s): Berman, Constance H.
Contributor(s):
Title : The "Labours of Hercules," the Cartulary, Church, and Abbey for Nuns of la Cour- Notre- Dame- de- Michery

Source: Journal of Medieval History , 26., 1 (March 2000): Pages 33 - 70.
Year of Publication: 2000.

52. Record Number: 4465
Author(s): Beattie, Cordelia.
Contributor(s):
Title : A Room of One's Own? The Legal Evidence for the Residential Arrangements of Women Without Husbands in Late Fourteenth- and Early Fifteenth-Century York

Source: Medieval Women and the Law. Edited by Noël James Menuge . Boydell Press, 2000. Journal of Medieval History , 26., 1 (March 2000): Pages 41 - 56.
Year of Publication: 2000.

53. Record Number: 8550
Author(s): Edmunds, Sheila.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Life and Work of Clara Hatzlerin [Hatzlerin was a scribe in Augsburg who has nine signed surviving manuscripts. She lived with her brother, a notary, and was commissioned to produce books for wealthy citizens. The article concludes with a descriptive catalog of her nine known manuscripts. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Journal of the Early Book Society for the Study of Manuscripts and Printing History , 2., ( 1999): Pages 1 - 25.
Year of Publication: 1999.

54. Record Number: 3836
Author(s): Botticini, Maristella.
Contributor(s):
Title : A Loveless Economy? Intergenerational Altruism and the Marriage Market in a Tuscan Town, 1415-1436 [The author sees dowry as a marriage payment and as an intergenerational transfer; the statistical data that the author gathers argues that the larger the bride's contribution (in youth, status, etc.), the smaller her dowry; large dowries were given by al

Source: Journal of Economic History (Full Text via JSTOR) 59, 1 (March 1999): 104-121. Link Info
Year of Publication: 1999.

55. Record Number: 4002
Author(s): Bardsley, Sandy.
Contributor(s):
Title : Women's Work Reconsidered: Gender and Wage Differentiation in Late Medieval England [the author argues that women peasants were paid at the same rate as other members of the "second rate" work force, namely boys, old men, and the infirm; the author finds no difference in women's wages after the Black Death, they still received around 70% of adult men's wages.]

Source: Past and Present (Full Text via JSTOR) 165 (November 1999): 3-29. Link Info
Year of Publication: 1999.

56. Record Number: 4001
Author(s): Bestor, Jane Fair.
Contributor(s):
Title : Marriage Transactions in Renaissance Italy and Mauss's "Essay on the Gift" [The author focuses on the gifts that the groom gave the bride including jewelry, ornaments, and rich clothing; by the fifteenth century grooms retained use over these expensive items and often rented them out or sold them.]

Source: Past and Present (Full Text via JSTOR) 164 (August 1999): 6-46. Link Info
Year of Publication: 1999.

57. Record Number: 3657
Author(s): Stuard, Susan Mosher.
Contributor(s):
Title : Gravitas and Consumption [The author explores why the "sapientes," the leaders of Venice and Florence, regulated consumption for their wives, daughters and sons but not for themselves].

Source: Conflicted Identities and Multiple Masculinities: Men in the Medieval West. Edited by Jacqueline Murray . Garland Medieval Casebooks, volume 25. Garland Reference Library of the Humanities, volume 2078. Garland Publishing, 1999. Pages 215 - 242. Republished in Considering Medieval Women and Gender. Susan Mosher Stuard. Ashgate Variorum, 2010. Chapter IV.
Year of Publication: 1999.

58. Record Number: 3770
Author(s): Angelos, Mark.
Contributor(s):
Title : Urban Women, Investment, and the Commercial Revolution of the Middle Ages

Source: Women in Medieval Western European Culture. Edited by Linda E. Mitchell . Garland Publishing, 1999. Pages 257 - 272.
Year of Publication: 1999.

59. Record Number: 3940
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Women and the Household Economy in the Preindustrial Period: An Assessment of "Women, Work, and Family" [The author reassesses the work of Louise A. Tilly and Joan W. Scott, "Women, Work, and Family" (1978) in terms of recent scholarship on medieval women's economic contributions].

Source: Journal of Women's History (Full Text via Project Muse) 11, 3 (Autumn 1999): 10-16. Link Info
Year of Publication: 1999.

60. Record Number: 7363
Author(s): Kaplan, Michel.
Contributor(s):
Title : L'Aristocrate byzantine et sa Fortune [The author explores a number of cases where wealthy noble women administered their estates themselves and disposed of their properties and other goods. The women profiled include Danielis, a weathy and powerful noble woman associated with Emperor Basil I, Eudocie Bourion, who sold some of her dowry lands while her husband was still alive, Empress Irene Doukaina, Kale Basiliake, a wealthy young woman who became a nun upon her husband's death. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Femmes et pouvoirs des femmes à Byzance et en Occident (VIe -XIe siècles). Colloque international organisé les 28, 29 et 30 mars 1996 à Bruxelles et Villeneuve d'Ascq. Edited by Stéphane Lebecq, Alain Dierkens, Régine Le Jan, and Jean-Marie Sansterre . Centre de Recherche sur l'Histoire de l'Europe du Nord-Ouest, Université Charles de Gaulle-Lille 3, 1999. Pages 205 - 226.
Year of Publication: 1999.

61. Record Number: 5150
Author(s): Crick, Julia.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Wealth, Patronage, and Connections of Women's Houses in Late Anglo-Saxon England

Source: Revue Bénédictine , 109., 40180 ( 1999): Pages 154 - 185.
Year of Publication: 1999.

62. Record Number: 4710
Author(s): Ewan, Elizabeth.
Contributor(s):
Title : For Whatever Ales Ye: Women as Consumers and Producers in Late Medieval Scottish Towns [The author considers women's economic roles by concentrating on ale brewing, a flexible part-time occupation that grew out of women's work as purchasers of goods for the household].

Source: Women in Scotland c. 1100-c. 1750. Edited by Elizabeth Ewan and Maureen M. Meikle . Tuckwell Press, 1999. Revue Bénédictine , 109., 40180 ( 1999): Pages 125 - 135.
Year of Publication: 1999.

63. Record Number: 4265
Author(s): Myers, Michael D.
Contributor(s):
Title : A Fictional-True Self: Margery Kempe and the Social Reality of the Merchant Elite Of King's Lynn [the author argues that Margery Kempe had fashioned her self-identity from the family status, social position, and mercantile values of her father; the decline of old-style merchant families like the Brunhams and the Kempes caused Margery to seek a new personal identity].

Source: Albion , 31., 3 (Fall 1999): Pages 377 - 394.
Year of Publication: 1999.

64. Record Number: 4760
Author(s): Skinner, Patricia.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Widow's Options in Medieval Southern Italy [The author analyzes data from charters and finds 215 documented widows up to 1100].

Source: Widowhood in Medieval and Early Modern Europe. Edited by Sandra Cavallo and Lyndan Warner . Women and Men in History. Longman, 1999. Albion , 31., 3 (Fall 1999): Pages 57 - 65.
Year of Publication: 1999.

65. Record Number: 5265
Author(s): Goodrich, Margaret.
Contributor(s):
Title : Westwood, a Rural English Nunnery with Its Local and French Connections [The author suggests that Westwood, a double house and daughter house of Fontevrault, is notable because of its connections to that important French monastery, its local involvement with the salt industry, and its surviving archive of documents].

Source: The vocation of service to God and neighbour: essays on the interests, involvements, and problems of religious communities and their members in medieval society: selected proceedings of the International Medieval Congress, University of Leeds, 14-17 July Edited by Joan Greatrex International Medieval Research . Brepols, 1998. Journal of Medieval History , 24., 1 (March 1998): Pages 43 - 57.
Year of Publication: 1998.

66. Record Number: 3011
Author(s): McKee, Sally.
Contributor(s):
Title : Women Under Venetian Colonial Rule in the Early Renaissance: Observations on Their Economic Activities

Source: Renaissance Quarterly (Full Text via JSTOR) 51, 1 (Spring 1998): 34-67. Link Info
Year of Publication: 1998.

67. Record Number: 3632
Author(s): Ruiz, Teófilo E.
Contributor(s):
Title : Women, Work and Daily Life in Late Medieval Castile [The author analyzes conditions both in urban and rural Castile, looking in particular at the peasantry and at the artisan class].

Source: Women at Work in Spain: From the Middle Ages to Early Modern Times. Edited by Marilyn Stone and Carmen Benito-Vessels . Peter Lang, 1998. Pages 101 - 120.
Year of Publication: 1998.

68. Record Number: 4825
Author(s): Swabey, ffiona.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Letter Book of Alice de Bryene and Alice de Sutton's List of Debts [the author analyzes eight letters written to Alice de Bryene, commenting on the familial and administrative duties Alice undertook; her grandmother, Alice de Sutton, serves as an example of irresponsible management because she hadn't paid her husband's legacies thirty years after his death; the appendices reproduce the texts of the eight letters in French and the list of debts in Latin].

Source: Nottingham Medieval Studies , 42., ( 1998): Pages 121 - 145.
Year of Publication: 1998.

69. Record Number: 3629
Author(s): Borrero Fernández, Mercedes.
Contributor(s):
Title : Peasant and Aristocratic Women: Their role in the Rural Economy of Seville at the End of the Middle Ages

Source: Women at Work in Spain: From the Middle Ages to Early Modern Times. Edited by Marilyn Stone and Carmen Benito-Vessels . Peter Lang, 1998. Nottingham Medieval Studies , 42., ( 1998): Pages 11 - 31.
Year of Publication: 1998.

70. Record Number: 3109
Author(s): Warren, Nancy Bradley.
Contributor(s):
Title : Pregnancy and Productivity: The Imagery of Female Monasticism Within and Beyond the Cloister Walls [drawing on the exemplum of the Pregnant Abbess and the didactic work, "Book to a Mother, " the author argues that they strive to control women's productivity and regulate women's use of property; the Brigittine Order provides a counter example which encourages women's productivity, values women's work, and legitimates women's rights to control material resources]

Source: Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies , 28., 3 (Fall 1998): Pages 531 - 552.
Year of Publication: 1998.

71. Record Number: 3093
Author(s): Bothwell, James.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Management of Position: Alice Perrers, Edward III, and the Creation of a Landed Estates, 1362-1377

Source: Journal of Medieval History , 24., 1 (March 1998): Pages 31 - 51.
Year of Publication: 1998.

72. Record Number: 2081
Author(s): Walmsley, John.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Early Abbesses, Nuns, and Female Tenants of the Abbey of Holy Trinity, Caen [using charters and early surveys, the author examines the administration of the abbesses, the social origins of the nuns, and the status of female tenants both in Normandy and England, particularly the inheritance rights of widows].

Source: Journal of Ecclesiastical History , 48., 3 (July 1997): Pages 425 - 444.
Year of Publication: 1997.

73. Record Number: 2324
Author(s): Smail, Daniel Lord.
Contributor(s):
Title : Démanteler le patrimoine. Les femmes et les biens dans la Marseille médiévale

Source: Annales : Histoire, Sciences Sociales , 52., 2 (mars-avril 1997): Pages 343 - 368.
Year of Publication: 1997.

74. Record Number: 2735
Author(s): Payne, Paddy and Caroline Barron
Contributor(s):
Title : The Letters and Life of Elizabeth Despenser, Lady Zouche (d. 1408) [her letters and will provide a glimpse of her personal concerns regarding family, household and servants, business affairs, and religion; appendices include an English translation of her will, a calendar of documents by or about Lady Elizabeth, and texts of her letters, 1402-1403].

Source: Nottingham Medieval Studies , 4., ( 1997): Pages 126 - 156.
Year of Publication: 1997.

75. Record Number: 2666
Author(s): Richardson, Malcolm.
Contributor(s):
Title : Women, Commerce, and Rhetoric in Medieval England [analyzes women's business letters, primarily from the collections of the Paston, Stonor, and Plumpton families; many of these gentry women were left in charge of the family estates while their husbands stayed in London on business].

Source: Listening to Their Voices: The Rhetorical Activities of Historical Women. Edited by Molly Meijer Wertheimer . University of South Carolina Press, 1997. Annales : Histoire, Sciences Sociales , 52., 2 (mars-avril 1997): Pages 133 - 149.
Year of Publication: 1997.

76. Record Number: 2206
Author(s): Livingstone, Amy
Contributor(s):
Title : Noblewomen's Control of Property in Early Twelfth-Century Blois-Chartres

Source: Medieval Prosopography , 18., ( 1997): Pages 55 - 71.
Year of Publication: 1997.

77. Record Number: 1997
Author(s): French, Katherine L.
Contributor(s):
Title : To Free Them From Binding: Women in the Late Medieval English Parish [analysis of the celebration of Hocktide during which women chased men, tied them up, and took their ransom money for a parish fund raiser].

Source: Journal of Interdisciplinary History (Full Text via JSTOR) 27, 3 (Winter 1997): 387-412. Link Info
Year of Publication: 1997.

78. Record Number: 1998
Author(s): Emigh, Rebecca Jean.
Contributor(s):
Title : Land Tenure, Household Structure, and Age at Marriage in Fifteenth-Century Tuscany

Source: Journal of Interdisciplinary History (Full Text via JSTOR) 27, 4 (Spring 1997): 613-635. Link Info
Year of Publication: 1997.

79. Record Number: 2207
Author(s): Thomas, Hugh M.
Contributor(s):
Title : An Upwardly Mobile Medieval Woman: Juliana of Warwick [Juliana managed Countess Matilda's household (as "cameraria") and received gifts of land from her employer/patroness; Matilda also probably arranged Juliana's advantageous marriage with the wealthy knight, Nigel of Plumpton].

Source: Medieval Prosopography , 18., ( 1997): Pages 109 - 121.
Year of Publication: 1997.

80. Record Number: 2208
Author(s): Reyerson, Kathryn L.
Contributor(s):
Title : Prostitution in Medieval Montpellier: The Ladies of Campus Polverel [from notarial registers the author has identified a district in which prostitutes rented houses during the 1330s and 1340s. The appendix summarizes twenty-five transactions from the notarial registers; they concern house rentals and purchases of chests and clothing].

Source: Medieval Prosopography , 18., ( 1997): Pages 209 - 228.
Year of Publication: 1997.

81. Record Number: 2274
Author(s): Skinner, Patricia.
Contributor(s):
Title : Gender and Poverty in the Medieval Community

Source: Medieval Women in Their Communities. Edited by Diane Watt . University of Toronto Press, 1997. Medieval Prosopography , 18., ( 1997): Pages 204 - 221.
Year of Publication: 1997.

82. Record Number: 2136
Author(s): Shatzmiller, Maya.
Contributor(s):
Title : Women and Wage Labour in the Medieval Islamic West: Legal Issues in an Economic Context

Source: Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient , 40., 2 (May 1997): Pages 174 - 206.
Year of Publication: 1997.

83. Record Number: 670
Author(s): Ó' Cleirigh, Cormac.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Absentee Landlady and the Sturdy Robbers: Agnes de Valence [Agnes de Valence's inheritance of her Irish husband's estates prompted a fifteen year struggle with John fitzThomas. He succeeded through theft, intimidation, and perserverance].

Source: The Fragility of Her Sex?: Medieval Irishwomen in Their European Context. Edited by Christine Meek and Katherine Simms . Four Courts Press, 1996. Renaissance studies : journal of the Society for Renaissance Studies , 10., 2 (June 1996): Pages 101 - 118.
Year of Publication: 1996.

84. Record Number: 7447
Author(s): Piccinni, Gabriella.
Contributor(s):
Title : Le Donne nella vita economica, sociale e politica dell'Italia medievale [The historiography of women and work in Italy now gives more attention to the Middle Ages and to regional studies which cast light on local differences. The documentation is incomplete, especially where a woman's work may be lumped together with her husband's or their kin. This is particularly true of artisan work in cities and towns. Women also were intensively involved in agriculture. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Il Lavoro delle donne. Edited by Angela Groppi . Storia delle donne in Italia. Editori Laterza, 1996. Renaissance studies : journal of the Society for Renaissance Studies , 10., 2 (June 1996): Pages 5 - 46.
Year of Publication: 1996.

85. Record Number: 7448
Author(s): Chabot, Isabelle.
Contributor(s):
Title : Risorse e diritti patrimoniali [The Black Death (1348) frequently put wealth into the hands of women by killing off male heirs. Subsequent efforts to limit a daughter's property to her dowry was counterbalanced by inheritance through wills. Roman law gave women an equal claim on an inheritance, but Italian statutes severely limited that right. The cities also were slow to let women inherit where any male heirs existed. Birth families often struggled with husbands over control of the daughter's dowry and had to claim restitution if the husband predeceased the wife. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

86. Record Number: 911
Author(s): Howell, Martha C.
Contributor(s):
Title : Fixing Movables: Gifts by Testament in Late Medieval Douai [The personal goods that women bequeathed to family, friends, and the poor carried social meaning and economic value].

Source: Past and Present (Full Text via JSTOR) 150 (Feb. 1996): 3-45. Link Info
Year of Publication: 1996.

87. Record Number: 681
Author(s): Affeldt, Werner.
Contributor(s):
Title : The English Noblewoman and Her Family in the Later Middle Ages [surviving sources show that family relations spanned a wide range of feeling].

Source: The Fragility of Her Sex?: Medieval Irishwomen in Their European Context. Edited by Christine Meek and Katherine Simms . Four Courts Press, 1996. Pages 119 - 135.
Year of Publication: 1996.

88. Record Number: 657
Author(s): Falskau, Christian-Frederik.
Contributor(s):
Title : Demographic Decline in Late Medieval England: Some Thoughts on Recent Research [questions the theory that women's employment, especially as servants, drove down population after the Black Death].

Source: Economic History Review (Full Text via JSTOR) 49, 1 (Feb. 1996): 1-19. Link Info
Year of Publication: 1996.

89. Record Number: 1346
Author(s): Beidler, Peter G.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Price of Sex in Chaucer's "Shipman's Tale" [value of the 100 francs that the wife of the merchant of St. Denis charged the monk for one night of sex].

Source: Chaucer Review , 31., 1 ( 1996): Pages 5 - 17.
Year of Publication: 1996.

90. Record Number: 842
Author(s): Richardson, Malcolm.
Contributor(s):
Title : Women, Commerce, and Writing in Late Medieval England [family and business letters sent by women ].

Source: Disputatio: An International Transdisciplinary Journal of the Late Middle Ages , 1., ( 1996): Pages 123 - 145.
Year of Publication: 1996.

91. Record Number: 1099
Author(s): Gates, Lori A.
Contributor(s):
Title : Widows, Property, and Remarriage: Lessons from Glastonbury's Deverill Manors [contrasts found in the manorial communities of Longbridge and Monkton, with the latter being less hospitable to widowed property holders; the author argues against a direct connection between land availability and widow remarriage, favoring instead a multiplicity of socio-economic conditions including labor pool, social hierarchy, manorial industries, age at widowhood, and children in the household.]

Source: Albion , 28., 1 (Spring 1996): Pages 19 - 35.
Year of Publication: 1996.

92. Record Number: 6310
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Laien als Wohltäter der Zisterzienserinnen in Böhmen und Mähren im Licht der Urkunden

Source: Cîteaux: Revue d'Histoire Cistercienne , 47., ( 1996): Pages 115 - 134.
Year of Publication: 1996.

93. Record Number: 1029
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : The Soverign as Pirate: Charles II of Anjou and the Marriage of His Daughter, 1304. Notes and Documents [economic aspects of Beatrice d' Anjou's marriage to Azzo VIII d' Este].

Source: English Historical Review (Full Text via JSTOR) 111, 441 (Apr. 1996): 350-356. Link Info
Year of Publication: 1996.

94. Record Number: 1106
Author(s): McMillin, Linda A.
Contributor(s):
Title : Sant Pere de les Puelles: A Medieval Women's Community [study of Sant Pere's documents yields information on the number of nuns, their familial background and inheritance, men associated with the convent, and the elected officials of the community].

Source: American Benedictine Review , 47., 2 (June 1996): Pages 200 - 222.
Year of Publication: 1996.

95. Record Number: 1628
Author(s): Karras, Ruth Mazo.
Contributor(s):
Title : Sex, Money, and Prostitution in Medieval English Culture [both secular and religious literature provide examples of female lust connected with greed, particularly in the case of prostitutes].

Source: Desire and Discipline: Sex and Sexuality in the Premodern West. Edited by Jacqueline Murray and Konrad Eisenbichler . University of Toronto Press, 1996. American Benedictine Review , 47., 2 (June 1996): Pages 201 - 216.
Year of Publication: 1996.

96. Record Number: 682
Author(s): Meek, Christine E.
Contributor(s):
Title : Women, Dowries, and the Family in Late Medieval Italian Cities [emphasis is on upper class families with a brief consideration of artisans and peasants].

Source: The Fragility of Her Sex?: Medieval Irishwomen in Their European Context. Edited by Christine Meek and Katherine Simms . Four Courts Press, 1996. American Benedictine Review , 47., 2 (June 1996): Pages 136 - 152.
Year of Publication: 1996.

97. Record Number: 747
Author(s): Venarde, Bruce L.
Contributor(s):
Title : Praesidentes Negotiis: Abbesses as Managers in Twelfth- Century France [Hersende and Petronilla of Fontevraud and Héloïse, of Paraclet].

Source: Portraits of Medieval and Renaissance Living: Essays in Honor of David Herlihy. Edited by Samual K. Cohn, Jr. and Steven A. Epstein . University of Michigan Press, 1996. American Benedictine Review , 47., 2 (June 1996): Pages 189 - 205.
Year of Publication: 1996.

98. Record Number: 818
Author(s): Legaré, Anne- Marie.
Contributor(s):
Title : Reassessing Women's Libraries in Late Medieval France: The Case of Jeanne de Laval

Source: Renaissance studies : journal of the Society for Renaissance Studies , 10., 2 (June 1996): Pages 209 - 236.
Year of Publication: 1996.

99. Record Number: 1010
Author(s): Romestan, Guy.
Contributor(s):
Title : Femmes esclaves à Perpignan aux XIVe et XVe siècles

Source: La Femme dans l' histoire et la société méridionales (IXe-XIXe S.): Actes du 66e congrés. . Fédération historique du Languedoc méditerranéen et du Roussillon, 1995. Pages 187 - 218.
Year of Publication: 1995.

100. Record Number: 1011
Author(s): Otis-Cour, Leah.
Contributor(s):
Title : La Tenancière de la maison publique de Millau au XVe siècles [management of Millau's municipal house of prostitution was auctioned off each year; women, usually prostitutes themselves, became managers when there were no male bidders because women had fewer financial resources to pay the rental fee].

101. Record Number: 3731
Author(s): Herlihy, David.
Contributor(s):
Title : Women's Work in the Towns of Traditional Europe [The author argues that women lost status in the urban economies between the thirteenth and fifteenth centuries; he suggests four factors that drove this change: urbanization, capitalization, saturated markets, and monopolization].

Source: Women, Family, and Society in Medieval Europe: Historical Essays, 1978-1991. Edited by David Herlihy . Berghahn Books, 1995. Pages 69 - 95. The article was originally published in La donna nell' economia. Secc. XIII-XVIII. Atti della "Ventunesima Settimana di Studix" 10-15 aprile 1989, a cura di Simonetta Cavaciocchi. Le Monnier,1990. 103-130.
Year of Publication: 1995.

102. Record Number: 5580
Author(s): Sommé, Monique.
Contributor(s):
Title : Isabelle de Portugal, duchesse de Bourgogne, une femme au pouvoir au xve siècle. Thèse d'Etat soutenue le 12 janvier 1995 devant l'université de Lille III

Source: Revue du Nord , 77., 310 (avril-juin 1995): Pages 438 - 445.
Year of Publication: 1995.

103. Record Number: 6781
Author(s): Steuer, Susan M. B.
Contributor(s):
Title : Family Strategies in Medieval London: Financial Planning and the Urban Widow, 1123-1473 [the author uses the published edition of the cartulary of St. Bartholomew's Hospital to trace the help given to widows not just aid to needy widows but also taking over property management and making retirement arrangements for well-to-do widows who lacked family support].

Source: Essays in Medieval Studies , 12., ( 1995): Pages 1 - 4. and 1-2 (notes) [in the electronic version available through Project Muse]. Issue title: Children and the Family in the Middle Ages.
Year of Publication: 1995.

104. Record Number: 324
Author(s): Nicholas, David.
Contributor(s):
Title : Child and Adolescent Labour in the Late Medieval City: A Flemish Model in Regional Perspective

Source: English Historical Review (Full Text via JSTOR) 110 (Nov. 1995): 1103-1131. Link Info
Year of Publication: 1995.

105. Record Number: 567
Author(s): Brink, Maryann E.
Contributor(s):
Title : Social Description of Property in Late Medieval Avignon [women's roles in the ownership and conveyance of property].

Source: Medieval Perspectives , 10., ( 1995): Pages 67 - 76. Proceedings of the Twentieth Annual Conference of the Southeastern Medieval Association
Year of Publication: 1995.

106. Record Number: 31
Author(s): Stuard, Susan Mosher.
Contributor(s):
Title : Ancillary Evidence for the Decline of Medieval Slavery [Experience of women slaves in the countryside and in wealthy households counters the standard argument made about slavery. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Past and Present , 149 ( 1995): Pages 3 - 28. Republished in Considering Medieval Women and Gender. Susan Mosher Stuard. Ashgate Variorum, 2010. Chapter VII.
Year of Publication: 1995.

107. Record Number: 3416
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Aucassin et Nicolette: the Economics of Desire

Source: Neophilologus , 79., ( 1995): Pages 197 - 206.
Year of Publication: 1995.

108. Record Number: 5579
Author(s): de Visser- van Terwisga, Marijke.
Contributor(s):
Title : Les Portugais dans l'entourage de la duchesse de Bourgogne Isabelle de Portugal (1430- 1471) [the Appendix presents a transcript dated May 6, 1453, of the marriage contract between Béatrice of Coïmbre, niece of the duchess Isabel, and Adolphe of Clèves, nephew of Duke Philip the Good; both uncle and aunt endowed the bride generously with land, money, and luxury goods].

Source: Revue du Nord , 77., 310 (avril-juin 1995): Pages 321 - 343.
Year of Publication: 1995.

109. Record Number: 850
Author(s): Jacobs, Ellen.
Contributor(s):
Title : Eileen Power (1889-1940) [biographical sketch of the economic and social historian].

Source: Medieval Scholarship: Biographical Studies on the Formation of a Discipline. Volume 1: History. Edited by Helen Damico and Joseph B. Zavadil . Garland Publishing, 1995. Revue du Nord , 77., 310 (avril-juin 1995): Pages 219 - 231.
Year of Publication: 1995.

110. Record Number: 18
Author(s): Sharpe, Pamela.
Contributor(s):
Title : Continuity and Change: Women's History and Economic History in Britain

Source: Economic History Review (Full Text via JSTOR) 48, 2 (May 1995): 353-369. Link Info
Year of Publication: 1995.

111. Record Number: 8588
Author(s): Martin, Janet.
Contributor(s):
Title : Widows, Welfare, and the "Pomest'e" System in the Sixteenth Century [The author argues that through the "pomest'e" system the state not only supported soldiers but also their survivors (widows, mothers, or dependent children) for their lifetimes. It went far beyond the state's desire to raise minor sons to become soldiers. The data from the 1550s indicates that the estates were usually more than adequate to support the women's households. However, by the 1580s, 40 percent of the "pomest'ia" could not support the surveyed women's households. The author ascribes the problems to serious economic deterioration rather than to the "pomest'e" system. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Harvard Ukrainian Studies , 19., ( 1995): Pages 375 - 388. Kamen' Kraeog "I'n": Rhetoric of the Medieval Slavic World: Essays Presented to Edward L. Keenan on His Sixtieth Birthday by His Colleagues and Students. Edited by Nancy Shields Kollmann, Donald Ostrowski, Andrei Pliguzov, and Daniel Rowland.
Year of Publication: 1995.

112. Record Number: 573
Author(s): Bennett, Judith M.
Contributor(s):
Title : Women and Men in the Brewers' Gild of London, CA 1420 [unlike other guilds, the brewers admitted women in large numbers, but they were excluded from certain guild functions].

Source: The Salt of Common Life: Individuality and Choice in the Medieval Town, Countryside, and Church: Essays Presented to J. Ambrose Raftis. Edited by Edwin Brezette DeWindt Studies in Medieval Culture, 36. Medieval Institute Publications, Western Michigan University, 1995. Harvard Ukrainian Studies , 19., ( 1995): Pages 181 - 232.
Year of Publication: 1995.

113. Record Number: 232
Author(s): Wiesner-Hanks, Merry.
Contributor(s):
Title : Learned Task and Given to Men Alone: The Gendering of Tasks in Early Modern German Cities [division between production and reproduction].

Source: Journal of Medieval and Renaissance Studies , 25., 1 (Winter 1995): Pages 89 - 106.
Year of Publication: 1995.

114. Record Number: 34
Author(s): McKee, Sally.
Contributor(s):
Title : Households in Fourteenth-Century Venetian Crete

Source: Speculum (Full Text via JSTOR) 70 (1995): 27-67. Link Info
Year of Publication: 1995.

115. Record Number: 1310
Author(s): Berg, Maxine.
Contributor(s):
Title : Foremothers III: Eileen Power and Women's History

Source: Gender and History , 6., 2 (August 1994): Pages 265 - 274.
Year of Publication: 1994.

116. Record Number: 1384
Author(s): DeAragon, RaGena C.
Contributor(s):
Title : Dowager Countesses, 1069-1230 [prosopographical study of fifty-eight dowager countesses including numbers of marriages, lengths of marriages, numbers of children, retirement to monasteries, and treatment by the king].

Source: Anglo-Norman Studies , 17., ( 1994): Pages 87 - 100.
Year of Publication: 1994.

117. Record Number: 1531
Author(s): Bienvenu, Jean-Marc.
Contributor(s):
Title : Henri II Plantegenêt et Fontevraud

Source: Cahiers de Civilization Médiévale , 37., ( 1994): Pages 25 - 32.
Year of Publication: 1994.

118. Record Number: 1573
Author(s): Halpin, Patricia.
Contributor(s):
Title : Women Religious in Late Anglo-Saxon England [while nunneries declined in numbers, endowments, and influence during the post-reform period, evidence suggests that religious women, individually and in small groups, were affiliated informally with men's foundations].

Source: The Haskins Society Journal , 6., ( 1994): Pages 97 - 110.
Year of Publication: 1994.

119. Record Number: 2085
Author(s): Tillotson, John..
Contributor(s):
Title : Visitation and Reform of the Yorkshire Nunneries in the Fourteenth Century [argues that the archbishops reacted to the papal bull "Periculoso," not by enforcing strict enclosure, but by regulating travel and contact with the outside world, so that the nuns would maintain their respectability].

Source: Northern History , 30., ( 1994): Pages 1 - 21.
Year of Publication: 1994.

120. Record Number: 24350
Author(s): Laughton, Jane.
Contributor(s):
Title : Women in Court: Some Evidence from Fifteenth-Century Chester [The author analyzes records from two Chester courts, the Portmote headed by the mayor and the Pentice presided over by the two city sheriffs. Analysis of Pentice rolls for 1431-32, 1459-60, and 1489-90 show women involved in 21% of cases. For both courts, women appear in a variety of roles including plaintiffs, pledges, traders and producers (many of them legally independent as "femmes soles"), debtors, thieves, and brawlers. Title note supplied by Feminae.]

Source: Harlaxton Medieval Studies , 4., ( 1994): Pages 89 - 99. Issue title: England in the Fifteenth Century: Proceedings of the 1992 Harlaxton Symposium
Year of Publication: 1994.

121. Record Number: 1308
Author(s): Angelos, Mark.
Contributor(s):
Title : Women in Genoese "Commenda" Contracts, 1155-1216 [one out of four commenda contracts, investment partnerships for Mediterranean trade, involved women].

Source: Journal of Medieval History , 20., 4 (December 1994): Pages 299 - 312. Special Issue: The Genoese and Their Rivals in Medieval Mediterranean Commerce: Studies in Honour of Hilmar C. Krueger on His Ninetieth Birthday.
Year of Publication: 1994.

122. Record Number: 1949
Author(s): Manzanas Calvo, Ana Maria.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Economics of Salvation in "The Book of Margery Kempe" and "The Pardoner's Prologue": The Vision of Purgatory

Source: Papers from the VII International Conference of the Spanish Society for Medieval English Language & Literature. . 1994. Journal of Medieval History , 20., 4 (December 1994): Pages 175 - 185.
Year of Publication: 1994.

123. Record Number: 1818
Author(s): Matthews, David.
Contributor(s):
Title : Reading the Woman Reading : Culture and Commodity in Chrétien's "Pesme Aventure" Episode [argues that the episode disguises the commodification of the daughter at "Pesme Aventure" by the very romance conventions that she highlights in her reading ; the author also argues against a "realistic" reading of the silkworkers' situation].

Source: Forum for Modern Language Studies , 30., 2 ( 1994): Pages 113 - 123.
Year of Publication: 1994.

124. Record Number: 3626
Author(s): Mckee, Sally.
Contributor(s):
Title : Evidence of Greek Women's Economic Activities under Venetian rule

Source: Byzantine Studies Conference. Abstracts of Papers , 20., ( 1994): Pages 30 - 31.
Year of Publication: 1994.

125. Record Number: 1978
Author(s): Goldberg, Jeremy.
Contributor(s):
Title : Women in Later Medieval English Archives [overview of the various kinds of original records available for the study of women in the subject areas of work, law, lifecycle, and religious devotion].

Source: Journal of the Society of Archivists , 15., 1 (Spring 1994): Pages 59 - 71.
Year of Publication: 1994.

126. Record Number: 5027
Author(s): Szende, Katalin G.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Other Half of the Town: Women in Private, Professional, and Public Life in Two Towns of Late Medieval Western Hungary

Source: East Central Europe , 20., 1 ( 1993- 1996): Pages 171 - 190. Special issue title: Women and Power in East Central Europe - Medieval and Modern. Edited by Marianne Sághy.
Year of Publication: 1993- 1996.

127. Record Number: 11169
Author(s): Garcia Herrero, Maria del Carmen.
Contributor(s):
Title : Viudedad foral y viudas aragonesas a finales de la edad media [The author examines notarial documents concerning widows' rights to their husbands' estates. The documents date from the fifteenth century and come from Zaragoza, Huesca, Teruel, Calatayud, and Daroca in Aragon. Title note supplied by Feminae.]

Source: Hispania: Revista Española de Historia , 2 (mayo-agosto 1993): Pages 431 - 450.
Year of Publication: 1993.

128. Record Number: 8687
Author(s): Graham, Helena.
Contributor(s):
Title : A Woman's Work ...: Labour and Gender in the Late Medieval Countryside [Closely studying court rolls, the author investigates what kinds of labor women performed and were associated with in medieval Staffordshire. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Woman is a Worthy Wight: Women in English Society c. 1200-1500. Edited by P.J.P. Goldberg . Alan Sutton Publishing, 1992. Manuscripta , 36., 3 (November 1992): Pages 126 - 148.
Year of Publication: 1992.

129. Record Number: 8735
Author(s): Kleimola, Ann M.
Contributor(s):
Title : In Accordance with the Canons of the Holy Apostles: Muscovite Dowries and Women’s Property Rights [The author argues that women’s property rights and management responsibilities through both dowries and inheritance increased during the sixteenth centurybut were significantly restricted in the following century. The chief concern became to allot all l

Source: Russian Review (Full Text via JSTOR) 51, 2 (April 1992): 204-229. Link Info
Year of Publication: 1992.

130. Record Number: 9531
Author(s): Laiou, Angeliki E.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Role of Women in Byzantine Society [The author provides a brief overview of women's roles in Byzantium, covering marriage and other family concerns, economic issues including work and dowry, politics, literacy, and society's attitudes toward women. See Record #9532 for Laiou's brief addendum to this article. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Gender, Society, and Economic Life in Byzantium. Angeliki E. Laiou Variorum Collected Studies Series . Ashgate, 1992. Pages 233 - 260. Earlier published in Studies in Church History 27 (1990): 53-78.
Year of Publication: 1992.

131. Record Number: 10742
Author(s): Jacob, Robert.
Contributor(s):
Title : Mobilité sociale et coutumes familiales dans la France du nord et dans les Pays-Bas méridionaux [The author discusses broad trends in family strategies for marriage and inheritance. Jacob concludes that in the Low Countries conditions favored the natal family's interests over the marital couple in conserving wealth and social position. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Marriage and Social Mobility in the Late Middle Ages/Marriage et mobilité sociale au bas moyen-âge. Handelingen van het colloquieum gehouden te Gent op 18 april 1988. Edited by W. Prevenier Studia Historica Gandensia . Department of History of the Arts Faculty of the University of Gent, 1992. Hispania: Revista Española de Historia , 2 (mayo-agosto 1993): Pages 50 - 59. Second printing, revised and corrected by the editor
Year of Publication: 1992.

132. Record Number: 9184
Author(s): Vierow, Heidi.
Contributor(s):
Title : The Will of Raimonda: Testament of a Woman in the Twelfth Century [The author describes a woman's will now in the library of Duke University. Raimonda, a widow who lived in Catalonia, drew up a will because she was going on a pilgrimage to Jerusalem. The author includes a transcription of the Latin text of the will at the end of her article. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Manuscripta , 36., 3 (November 1992): Pages 214 - 224.
Year of Publication: 1992.

133. Record Number: 10528
Author(s): Piponnier, Francoise.
Contributor(s):
Title : The World of Women [Living quarters and work areas (and artistic representations of domestic activity) reveal much about the everyday life and work of medieval women. Rural women were involved in agricultural tasks like tending grapevines and animals, artisan wives and widows participated in selling crafts, and textile production was largely done by urban women (as were the professional activities of sewing and spinning). Evidence from medieval dwellings gives insight into women’s duties in the domestic sphere, including raising children, preparing meals, and even managing the household. Although they did dominate certain fields such as textile production, women at all levels of society enjoyed less freedom of movement and action than men. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: A History of Women in the West. Volume 2: Silences of the Middle Ages. Edited by Christiane Klapisch-Zuber . Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1992. Manuscripta , 36., 3 (November 1992): Pages 323 - 335.
Year of Publication: 1992.

134. Record Number: 10774
Author(s): Latré, Guido.
Contributor(s):
Title : Beguinages and Female Forms of Spiritual Life in the Low Countries: An Introductory Lecture to a Visit of the Leuven Beguinag

Source: A Wyf Ther Was: Essays in Honour of Paule Mertens-Fonck. Edited by Juliette Dor . English Department, University of Liège, 1992. Manuscripta , 36., 3 (November 1992): Pages 219 - 234.
Year of Publication: 1992.

135. Record Number: 10741
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Marriage, Family, and Patriarchy in Douai, 1350-1600 [The author explores the variety of documentary sources available in Douai for understanding gender differences in marriage and inheritance. Over the time span under consideration, maritalm property arrangements changed from favoring the couple to protecting the lineage. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Marriage and Social Mobility in the Late Middle Ages/Marriage et mobilité sociale au bas moyen-âge. Handelingen van het colloquieum gehouden te Gent op 18 april 1988. Edited by W. Prevenier Studia Historica Gandensia . Department of History of the Arts Faculty of the University of Gent, 1992. Manuscripta , 36., 3 (November 1992): Pages 7 - 39. Second printing, revised and corrected by the editor
Year of Publication: 1992.

136. Record Number: 8686
Author(s): Goldberg, P.J.P.
Contributor(s):
Title : For Better, for Worse: Marriage and Economic Opportunity for Women in Town and Country [The article considers the difference in economic opportunities for women between towns and rural areas, and argues that economic autonomy had an impact on the age at which women married. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Woman is a Worthy Wight: Women in English Society c. 1200-1500. Edited by P.J.P. Goldberg . Alan Sutton Publishing, 1992. Manuscripta , 36., 3 (November 1992): Pages 108 - 125.
Year of Publication: 1992.

137. Record Number: 10743
Author(s): Kock, Esther.
Contributor(s):
Title : Entry into Convents and the Position on the Marriage Market of Noble Women in the Late Middle Ages [The author explores three areas that need more investigation in order to answer the issues involved in the "Frauenfrage" (that is the dramatic upsurge of women's entry into convents and other forms of religious life in the late Middle Ages): 1)The Church's changing conception of marriage including monogamy, indissolubility, and degrees of consanguinity; 2)Economic factors including dower and hereditary position; 3)Demographic factors including sex ratios and age at marriage. Second printing, revised and corrected by the editor. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Marriage and Social Mobility in the Late Middle Ages/Marriage et mobilité sociale au bas moyen-âge. Handelingen van het colloquieum gehouden te Gent op 18 april 1988. Edited by W. Prevenier Studia Historica Gandensia . Department of History of the Arts Faculty of the University of Gent, 1992. Manuscripta , 36., 3 (November 1992): Pages 99 - 122. Second printing, revised and corrected by the editor
Year of Publication: 1992.

138. Record Number: 8505
Author(s): Grieve, Patricia E.
Contributor(s):
Title : Vida de Santa María Egipciaca: Economic Discourse and the Hagiographic Pattern

Source: Corónica , 19., 1 (Fall 1990): Pages 185 - 187.
Year of Publication: 1990.

139. Record Number: 12778
Author(s): Prestwich, Michael.
Contributor(s):
Title : Edward I and the Maid of Norway [The author discusses the Maid of Norway episode in relation to English diplomacy and trade, with particular attention to Edward I’s role. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Scottish Historical Review , 69., 2 (October 1990): Pages 157 - 174.
Year of Publication: 1990.

140. Record Number: 12790
Author(s): Jewell, Helen M.
Contributor(s):
Title : Women at the Courts of the Manor of Wakefield, 1348-1350 [The author studies the fourteenth-century manorial court rolls from Wakefield in order to study women’s involvement in petty crime, in landholding and civil pleas activities, and in miscellaneous entries which offer information about the economic and social standing of individual women. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Northern History , 26., ( 1990): Pages 59 - 81.
Year of Publication: 1990.

141. Record Number: 10987
Author(s): Karras, Ruth Mazo.
Contributor(s):
Title : Holy Harlots: Prostitute Saints in Medieval Legend [The author examines stories and representations in art of five prostiture saints (Mary of Egypt, Thaïs, Pelagia, Mary (the niece of Abraham), and Afra of Augsburg) and Mary Magdalene. Karras argues that although Mary Magdalene does not make money from her indiscriminate sexuality, she is condemned for lust along with the prostitute saints. Since the essence of femininity is sexuality, it is women's greatest weakness and the prime cause for their repentance. Title note supplied by Feminae.].

Source: Journal of the History of Sexuality , 1., 1 (July 1990): Pages 3 - 32.
Year of Publication: 1990.

142. Record Number: 44316
Author(s):
Contributor(s):
Title : Women reaping while a man binds sheaves

Source: Corónica , 19., 1 (Fall 1990):
Year of Publication: